scholarly journals The influence of mineral fertilisers, farmyard manure, liming and sowing rate on winter wheat grain yields

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madaras Mikuláš ◽  
Mayerová Markéta ◽  
Kumhálová Jitka ◽  
Lipavský Jan
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield Trends

The influence of mineral fertilisers, liming, farmyard manure and sowing rate on the winter wheat grain yields was studied in a long-term field experiment at 4 sites under different soil and climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. A total of 135 partial fraction-factorial experiments were performed between 1980 and 2013 and evaluated using a statistical model with linear and quadratic terms for each factor. Yield trends demonstrated remarkable influence of fertilisation at two sites of lower starting productivity. Here, grain yields increased by 50% and 25% since the trial commencement, while the rate of yield increase was low at more productive sites. Yields were the most frequently influenced by nitrogen (N) fertilisation, uniformly at all sites. N response curves were strongly curvilinear, but these differed between sites and were affected by preceding crops. The relative frequency of statistically significant influences decreased in the following order: N (significant at α < 0.05 in 89% of all partial trials) > sowing rate (29%) > phosphorus (22%) > farmyard manure (15%) > potassium (12%) > liming (8%). This order and the frequencies of these influences are discussed with regard to relevant site and soil conditions.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure on winter wheat grain yield and grain quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holík Ladislav ◽  
Hlisnikovský Lukáš ◽  
Kunzová Eva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Quality Properties

This study evaluated how organic manures and mineral fertilizers affect winter wheat grain and straw yields and grain quality properties. The analysed period of the long-term fertilizer experiment was established in Čáslav, Czech Republic, in 1955 and covers the seasons 2011–2014. The fertilizer treatments were: control; farmyard manure (FYM); FYM + P; FYM + K; FYM + PK; FYM + N<sub>1</sub>; FYM + N<sub>2</sub>; FYM + N<sub>1</sub>PK; FYM + N<sub>2</sub>PK and FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK. The highest grain yields were recorded in the FYM + P and FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatments (8.9 t/ha). The highest straw yields were recorded in the FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatment (6.52 t/ha). The lowest yields were provided in the unfertilized control and FYM treatments. Qualitative parameters were evaluated in the control, FYM and FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatments between the years 2011 and 2013. The best quality of wheat grain was provided by the FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatment. Combination of the farmyard manure with NPK is the best way to achieve high grain yields with good quality and leads to sustainable food production.

scholarly journals The influence of environment forming factors on the productivity of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Valeriy Burluckiy ◽  
Polina Semeshkina ◽  
Vladimir Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract. The goal is to study the influence of the predecessor and fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on a gray forest medium loamy soil. Field experience, observations, accounting and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of B.A. Dospekhov. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 with a 95 % significance level of the results. Results. As a result of the studies, it was noted that the studied predecessors had an insignificant effect on the development of winter wheat plants in the initial phases of growth. The density of winter wheat plants during the germination period varied within the range of 314–323 psc/m2 without the use of fertilizers and 317–328 psc/m2 against the background of their application. Further growth and development of plants took place in close relationship with the studied factors. At the end of the growing season, the number of productive stems was higher on the plots, where the clover of the first year of use was used as a predecessor, both in the control (without fertilizers) and when applying mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, the yield of winter wheat grain was higher for this predecessor, averaging 35.7 c/ha for 2014–2019. Without fertilization, depending on the predecessor, 25.2–32.8 c/ha were obtained, against the background of fertilization – 34.2–39.6 c/ha of winter wheat grain. On average, over the years of research, winter wheat grain contained 10.7–14.0 % protein. Depending on the year, this indicator varied from 8.8 % to 16.8 %. At the same time, the lowest values for the protein content were obtained for the variants without the use of fertilizers. In general, the content of protein and gluten in winter wheat grain largely depended on the application of mineral fertilizers and to a small extent on the predecessor. The weight of 1000 grains, depending on these factors, changed insignificantly.

Evaluation of Registered Herbicides for Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Early Fall

Seven field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to compare efficacy and wheat response to currently registered cheat suppression or control herbicide treatments. Chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron premix (5:1 w/w) at 26 g ai/ha applied PRE controlled cheat 20 to 61%, increased wheat grain yields at two of seven locations, and decreased dockage due to cheat at five of seven locations. Chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron at 21 g/ha tank-mixed with metribuzin at 210 g/ha, applied early fall POST, controlled cheat 36 to 98% and increased wheat yield at four of seven locations. Metribuzin applied POST in the fall at 420 g/ha controlled cheat 56 to 98% and increased wheat yields at five of seven locations. Both POST treatments decreased dockage at all locations.

scholarly journals Mineral and organic fertilization efficiency in long-term stationary experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
K. Čásová K ◽  
V. Nedvěd
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilization

In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers.

The influence of rotation systems on long-term trends in wheat yield

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Elliott ◽  
R Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Yield Trends

The wheat yield trends of six rotation systems were examined over the 29-year period 1940-1968. The multiple regression model used incorporated variables to minimize the effect of climatic fluctuations and trends. All the rotation systems examined showed positive, almost linear, yield increases over the first 19 years (1940-1958). Over the final 10 years (1959-1968) those systems including a pasture phase continued to show a linear yield increase; other three-course systems (fallow, wheat, stubble crop) showed a less than linear yield increase; while the two-course system (fallow, wheat) showed a 22% yield decline. Possible factors influencing the yield trends are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Ефективність застосування препаратів «Soilbiotics» на пшениці озимій

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
М. М. Маренич ◽  
І. А. Маркіна ◽  
В. В. Гангур ◽  
О. І. Лень
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Single Use

Дослідження, проведені протягом 2005–2017 рр., свідчать про ефективність використання гуматів у технології вирощування пшениці озимої, зокрема препаратів «1R Seed Treatment» та стимулятора росту «4R Foliar Concentrate». Поєднання передпосівної обробки насіння та листової аплікації посівів дає змогу збільшити врожайність пшениці озимої на 11,8–27 %, а проведення лише позакореневого підживлення сприяє формуванню приросту врожаю в межах 7,4–13,8 %. Диференційоване застосування стимулятора росту «4R Foliar Concentrate» у різні фази розвитку рослин пшениці озимої має кращий господарський і економічний ефект, порівняно з одноразовим. У варіантах досліду, де разом із передпосівною обробкою насіння використовувалося і позакореневе внесення «4R Foliar Concentrate», прибавка врожайності становила 0,76 т/га, або 20,9 %. Застосування «4R Foliar Concentrate» 2 кг/га у фазу виходу в трубку сприяло подальшому підвищенню врожайності, розмір приросту якої становив 23,1 %. Найкращий ефект забезпечила передпосівна обробка насіння гуматом, яка поєднувалася з позакореневим підживленням посівів, а листова аплікація проводилася в два прийоми по 1 кг/га «4R Foliar Concentrate». Прибавка врожайності становила 0,98 т/га, або 27 %. In the presented studies, pre-planting seed treatment increased the yield of grain by 0.43 t/ha, which is almost 12 %. Taking into account the high grazing rate for seed of cereal crops with a continuous sowing method, the cost of using the full recommended standard for the seed treatment would be about 25 % of the total production costs of the cultivation technology. So it is a significant additional production costs, which, in the current financial situation, the vast majority of agribusinesses are not able to invest in crop growing technology. In this regard, we have chosen the minimum rate of application of the drug 1.0 l/ton of seeds. Although calculations show that even the maximum rate of use of «1R Seed Treatment» for reaching an increase in winter wheat yield of 0.5 t/ha will be economically feasible. In the variants of the experiment, in which the seeds of the pre-planting treatment were used for root crop fertilization with «4R Foliar Concentrate», the yield increase of winter wheat grain was 0.76 t/ha or almost 21 % compared with the control. Application of 2 kg/ha «4R Foliar Concentrate» to the phase of the tube led to a further increase in yield, which was 23.1 %. The most effective in the described experiment was the variant, where the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with humate was combined with fecal application, but the leaf application was carried out in two receptions of 1 kg/ha «4R Foliar Concentrate». The yield increase was 27 %, which confirms the recommendations of the manufacturer of these drugs and the leading European companies regarding the use of their own products for a multiple entry. In the experiment block, which used only leaf application, the effectiveness of the drug «4R Foliar Concentrate» was significant. Only one treatment of the crop with the drug in the phase of release into the tube contributed to an increase in yield of 0.27 t/ha or 7.4 %. An increase in the rate of use of the drug up to 2 kg/ha has a stronger effect and increased the yield of winter wheat grain, compared with the control, by 0.38 t/ha or 10.5 %. A fractional introduction of the same norm into different phases of the development of culture is accompanied by an increase in yields by 0.50 t/ha, compared with the option without fertilization and increases additional profits, compared with the single use of the entire drug norm. Thus, differentiated use of drugs was more effective than single use. Studies have shown the effectiveness of the use of humates in winter wheat cultivation technology, in particular, «1R Seed Treatment» and growth stimulator «4R Foliar Concentrate». The combination of pre-sowing seed treatment and leaf application of crops enables to increase the yield of winter wheat by 11.8–27 %, and the use of sheet-laying applications only provides grain growth within the range of 7.4–13.8 %. The differentiated application of growth promoter «4R Foliar Concentrate» has a better economic and economic effect than a one-time use.

scholarly journals VARIETAL COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF FUSARIUM PRESENCE ON WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE TAMBOV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
G. N. Buchneva ◽  
I. V. Gusev ◽  
O. I. Korabelskaya ◽  
N. N. Dubrovskaya ◽  
V. V. Chekmarev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Wheat Seeds

In the climatic conditions of the Central Black-earth region, the infection of wheat grain with Fusarium fungi is of latent nature and can only be detected by mycological analysis. For this reason, the varietal composition of the pathogenic complex of fungi Fusarium on winter and spring wheat has not been thoroughly studied yet. Working with the problem in the conditions of the Tambov region, it was found that the grain of these varieties was infected with various species of Fusarium. The most infected spring wheat varieties were “Nik” (69%), “Biora” (45%) and “Prokhorovka” (30%). The varieties “Saratovskaya 29” (4%) and “Tulaikovskaya 100” (5%) were less infected than the other. Nine species of fungus Fusarium spp. found on spring wheat seeds were F. acuminatum Ellis, an Everhart (1895), a Wollenweber (1917), F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. culmorum (WG Smith) Saccardo  (1895), F. equiseti (Corda) Saccardo (1886), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913), F. sambucinum Fuckel (1869), F. semitectum Berkeley and Ravenel in Berkeley (1875), F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915) and F. tricinctum (Corda) Saccardo (1886). The leading position was occupied by the species Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. avenaceum. The frequency of their occurrence on spring wheat seeds was 56.6 and 20.9%, respectively. The contamination of winter wheat with a Fusarium fungus was lower than the infection of spring wheat (1–8%). Four species of Fusarium spp. were identified on the seeds of winter wheat, they are F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. graminearum Schwabe (1838), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913) and F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915). The dominant position belonged to the species Fusarium poae and F. sporotrichioides (41.7 and 37.5%). It has been shown that the level of infection of wheat seeds by Fusarium fungi depends on the variety resistance to the infection.

scholarly journals Influence of microbial preparations and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Chaikovskaya ◽  
◽  
V.V. Klyuchenko ◽  
M.I. Baranskaya ◽  
O.L. Ovsienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Biological Farming

The use of biological products based on effective strains of microorganisms with a range of useful properties is one of the aspects of biological farming. The long-term field experiments were conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea. А positive effect of the combined use of mineral fertilizers (NPK calculated at P30) and pre-sown inoculation of seeds (biopreparation based on L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3) on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain was shown. The increase in grain productivity of winter wheat by 31 % compared to control (on average for 3 years) and grain quality indicators: protein and gluten – up to 12.5% and 28.0 % (in the control 9.9% and 19.2%, respectively) was revealed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Contamination Level of a Podzolized Chernozem with Nuclides in a Long-term Land Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Hrygorii Hospodarenko ◽  
Ihor Prokopchuk ◽  
Olga Nikitina ◽  
Vitalii Liubych
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Radioactive Nuclides ◽  
Composition Properties

Abstract Prolonged systematic application of mineral fertilisers contributes to increasing the yielding capacity of agricultural crops. However, it can lead to significant changes in the composition, properties and formation of agricultural soil regimes. The findings of the research have shown that the application of mineral fertilisers leads to the change of radioactive nuclides content in the soil. The research was conducted under conditions of a long-term stationary field experiment (Uman, Ukraine), using different rates of mineral fertilisers N45P45K45, N90P90K90 and N135P135K135. Soil samples (podzolized chernozem) were selected from the depths of 0 – 20, 20 – 40 and 40 – 60 cm. Specific activity of radionuclides was determined by the spectrometric analysis. Using experimental results we have demonstrated that under a long-term application (50 years) different rates of mineral fertilisers effect the specific activity of radioactive isotopes in the soil (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, 90Sr). The specific activity of radionuclides in a podzolized chernozem and in winter wheat grain was established. Winter wheat plants accumulated 232Th at the highest levels, but the use of fertilisers reduced it in a larger mass of the crop. The absorption of radioactive nuclides by winter wheat grain grown after peas and silage corn depending on fertilisation changed similar to growing it after clover as a previous crop. According to the data of specific activity of radioactive nuclides in the soil and winter wheat grain, the coefficient of their biological absorption was calculated.

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