scholarly journals Effect of treated wastewater on soil chemical and physical properties in an arid region

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Abedi-Koupai ◽  
B. Mostafazadeh-Fard ◽  
M. Afyuni ◽  
M.R. Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Cu And Zn

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of treated wastewater on soil chemical and physical properties. Field experiment was conducted in Borkhar region in Isfahan province in central Iran with two water treatments of wastewater and groundwater under sprinkler and surface irrigation systems for three crops of sugar beet, corn and sunflower. Soil samples were collected to 120 cm depth to determine concentration of lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Irrigation systems had no significant effect on extractable heavy metals in soil. The accumulation of Pb, Mn, Ni and Co in the soil increased significantly in the wastewater treatment as compared to the groundwater treatment. The accumulation of Pb, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn decreases with the soil depth. Treated wastewater showed no effect on the increase of Fe, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn during growing season. The irrigation system had a significant effect on infiltration rate, bulk density and total porosity. Under sprinkler irrigation system the infiltration rate increased significantly

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PACOVAN ORGANIC BANANA IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN THE AÇU-RN VALLEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
JÚLIO JUSTINO DE ARAÚJO ◽  
VANDER MENDONÇA ◽  
MARIA FRANCISCA SOARES PEREIRA ◽  
MATHEUS DE FREITAS SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
The One ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Alternative Irrigation

ABSTRACT The banana tree is grown in an extensive tropical region throughout the world, usually by small producers. The present work had the objective of evaluating irrigation systems in banana production in the Açu-RN Valley, aiming at alternatives so that they can be recommended to farmers in the Açu Valley region. The experiment was carried out in the area of the School Farm of the IFRN Campus Ipanguaçu, located in the municipality of Ipanguaçu-RN. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with subdivided plots and eight replications. The irrigation systems were: irrigation, drip irrigation, micro sprinkler and alternative irrigation. The plots were composed of eight useful plants with spacing in double rows 4 x 2 x 2 m. Eight characteristics related to production were evaluated: bunch mass (MC); number of leaves (NP); number of fruits per cluster (NFC); mean mass of the leaves (MMP); diameter of the fruit of the second seed (DF2P); length of the fruit of the second seed (CF2P); mean fruit mass (MMF); productivity (Prod). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. In the first cycle of production the sprinkler irrigation system was the one that presented better results the productivity of the Pacovan banana tree; in the 3rd cycle the alternative irrigation system was the one that showed better results the productivity of the banana tree; where the electrical conductivity correlated with the sodium adsorption ratio in the irrigation water, contributed to a moderate limitation of use.

Performance of pea under different irrigation systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Ramana Rao ◽  
Suchi Gangwar ◽  
Arpna Bajpai ◽  
Ravish Keshri ◽  
Lavesh Chourasia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Micro Irrigation

The field experiment was conducted at Precision Farming Development Centre, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal on influence of different irrigation methods in three continuous years (2010-2013) on the performance pea crop. Conventional flood irrigation, micro sprinkler and drip irrigation systems were adopted as three treatments and with seven replications in each treatment in the study. Pea (Arkel variety) crop was sown at a spacing of 45 X 10 cm. During the period of experiment flood irrigation were applied on weekly basis and micro irrigation and drip irrigation systems were operated every third day to meet the crop water requirement. The total quantity of water applied in flood, drip irrigation and micro sprinkler systems were 387.5, 244.7 and 273.5 mm respectively. Maximum crop yield was observed under micro sprinkler system (98.60 q/ha) followed by drip and conventional irrigation system. Saving of water was found better under drip irrigation over micro sprinkler irrigation system.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Rice under Sprinkler and Flood Irrigation Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. HELGUEIRA ◽  
T. D’AVILA ROSA ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
D.S. MOURA ◽  
A.T. MARTINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides in rice submitted to sprinkler and flood irrigation systems. The experimental design was a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme. Factor A consisted of irrigation systems (sprinkler and flood) and Factor B consisted of herbicide treatments (T1 - control; T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 150 + 50 g a.i. ha-1; T4 - imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1; T5 - imazapic + imazapyr, 147 + 49 g a.i. ha-1; T6 - imazethapyr, 106 g a.i. ha-1; T7 - imazethapyr, 212 g a.i. ha-1; T8 - sequential application of imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; and T9 - sequential application of imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1). The application of imazethapyr and formulated mixtures of imazethapyr + imazapic and imazapyr + imazapic provided a control higher than 97% in flood and sprinkler irrigation systems. Herbicide selectivity is not altered in the sprinkler irrigation system when compared to the flood irrigation system.

scholarly journals Regulations and Guidelines for Chemigation

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Haimanote K. Bayabil ◽  
Kati W. Migliaccio ◽  
Jonathan H. Crane ◽  
Teresa Olczyk ◽  
Qingren Wang
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Chemical Usage ◽  
Regulations And Guidelines

Chemigation is a process where an irrigation system is used for transport and delivery of agrochemicals, generally fertilizers and pesticides, to a crop (Haman and Zazueta, 2017). Drip or micro-sprinkler irrigation systems are often used in chemigation. If the irrigation is properly plumed and chemigation properly implemented, chemigation can help growers reduce chemical usage and costs as it is applied using existing irrigation distribution infrastructure. However, the irrigation system must first be outfitted with properly designed injection and safety equipment. In addition, it is important that the irrigation system is built to allow the injection of chemicals or fertilizers at a known rate and that ensures application uniformity. Knowing the correct concentration of chemicals during chemigation is critical as some chemicals could potentially damage plants. Chemigation of chemicals/fertilizers at higher concentrations could also lead to leaching and contamination of freshwater bodies. The purpose of this document is to provide a brief overview of the regulations and some helpful tips for growers interested in chemigation.

scholarly journals Physio-morphological Characteristics of Soil of Akure, Ondo State SW, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-97
Author(s):  
B. F. Dada ◽  
B. S. Ewulo ◽  
M. A. Awodun ◽  
T. D. Adebisi ◽  
S. O. Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Rooting Depth

Soil physical properties influence soil water infiltration rate, plant rooting depth, amount of available water, air and nutrients which are of utmost importance in agricultural production and, hence there is need to describe in-situ spatial organization and physical properties of soil in Akure. Sixteen profile pits were dug. The soils were characterized and described on the field and samples collected for textural analysis. The area occurs on level plain with little slope gradient, the surface horizons (A1 and A­2) were weak medium crumby to moderate medium crumby structures while the subsurface horizons (Bt1 and Bt2­) showed moderate medium blocky structure. The soils are generally deep and well drained at the top soil with coarse texture; the subsoils are characterized by prominent presence of mottles, which suggest that the subsoils are poorly drained. The distribution of clay content increased with soil depth for all pedons. Most of the Pedons had reddish gray colour (2.5YR 4/1) and dull reddish brown 2.5YR 4/3 at the surface horizons (A1 and A2), over brownish colour (7.5YR 4/4) and dull reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sub soil. The particle size distribution revealed that sand dominated the particle size fraction of the soil in all the profiles, which could be managed with appropriate organic manure.

THE INFLUENCE OF BURNING ON THE SOIL IN THE TIMBER RANGE AREA OF LAC LE JEUNE, BRITISH COLUMBIA: I. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Capillary Porosity ◽  
Field Investigations

Three-inch soil cores were taken in triplicate from areas that had been burned in 1943, 1945, 1945 and 1951, and from corresponding unburned areas present within each burned-over area.Studies carried out on these cores taken from the 0 to 3-inch layer of soil revealed that, as a result of burning, there were decreases in total porosity and non-capillary porosity and an increase in capillary porosity. Field investigations showed that there was a decrease in the infiltration rate of burned soils and that there was an increase in soil temperature at a depth of 3 inches in burned soils.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of bare soil water and heat flow under an automated irrigation system

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-348
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. Ahmed ◽  
Saud Gutub
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Modern irrigation techniques use automated systems where irrigation schedules are controlled according to certain criteria. The objective of this study is to numerically estimate irrigation events, water content and temperature distributions, evaporation, drainage, and soil water under closed loop automated irrigation systems of a bare soil. The automated irrigation system is activated and deactivated according to the water content value. The governing equations for transient one-dimensional liquid water flow and heat transfer of unsaturated porous media are applied. The energy balance equation at the soil surface is used as an upper boundary condition based on measured meteorological data of Jeddah City. The results show that the current procedure can be applied to simulate different variables under automated irrigation systems. The water content shows periodic behavior, as well as time lags and decreases in amplitude with soil depth. The timing of applied irrigation has an important impact on evaporation and soil temperature. Applying irrigation water during the daytime leads to increased evaporation. The soil surface temperature decreases suddenly when water is supplied in the afternoon, while a slight increase is observed when irrigation is applied at midnight.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sinusoidal Oscillating Water Flow on Sprinkler and Impact Kinetic Energy Intensities of Laterally-Moving Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Delan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Impact Kinetic Energy ◽  
Nozzle Spacing

Laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation systems under low pressure experience problems including small spraying range, low uniformity, surface runoff, and low water utilization rate. To solve these problems, experiments were carried out on a laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation system using a Nelson D3000 sprinkler (Nelson Irrigation Co., Walla Walla, WA, USA) under low pressure, sinusoidal oscillating water flow. The sprinkler intensity and impact kinetic energy intensity distribution were investigated for sprinklers both static and in motion. The test data were used to calculate combined sprinkler intensity and impact kinetic energy intensity uniformity for different nozzle spacings, and were compared with constant water pressure test results. It was found that sinusoidal oscillating water flow can effectively increase spraying range, as well as reducing the peak value of the sprinkler intensity and impact kinetic energy intensity. Within an optimal range of amplitude and nozzle spacing, sinusoidal oscillating water flow significantly improves the combined sprinkler intensity, impact kinetic energy intensity uniformity, and the spraying quality of laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation systems under low pressure conditions. When the average water pressure is 100 kPa, the optimal range of amplitude of sinusoidal oscillating flow applied to the laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation system is 50–60 kPa. When the amplitude is 50 kPa, the optimal nozzle spacing is 3.5–4 m; when the amplitude is 60 kPa, the optimal nozzle spacing is 3.5–4.5 m. The related parameters can provide a reference for the application of sinusoidal oscillating water flow in laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation systems.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND OPERATIONS MANUAL PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS VOLUME I

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehzad Ahmad ◽  
Ali Ajaz
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Pressurized Irrigation ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Selection Of

This manual covers the technical design and operational aspects of high efficiency (pressurized) irrigation system in a brief and comprehensive way. The first volume covers a detail discussion of pressurized irrigation systems including their classifications, selection criteria and components followed by basics of design. Design proforma for design of drip and sprinkler irrigation system has been discussed in detail covering the procedure for collection of necessary field data required for proper system design. Hydraulic principles have also been covered in detail for proper selection of pipe network and pumping unit. Design procedure has been elaborated with solved examples. Second volume of this manual covers the operational part of pressurized irrigation systems, which includes general maintenance and tips for durability and sustainability of high efficiency irrigation system equipments. It also covers the vigilance and checking during system operation, care after completing a crop season, care of prime movers, systemre-adjustments, clogging and its remedies, chemigation including acid treatment and chlorination, maintenance tips of water storage tanks, general trouble shooting and remedies. A list of tables and diagrams is also provided for the ease of users. This manual will provide a general guideline to project technical staff and contractors for proper design and smooth field operations of high efficiency irrigation system sites and it will also be helpful for effective post installation services and getting the desired results from high efficiency irrigation systems.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Keseragaman Distribusi Air Dari Variasi Ketinggian Pipa Pada Sistem Irigasi Curah

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-438
Author(s):  
Ariswandi Putra ◽  
Ichwana Ichwana ◽  
Susi Chairani
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity

Abstrak. Sistem irigasi curah pada penerapannya dapat menghemat air serta waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menyiram tanaman. Sistem irigasi curah mendistribusikan air dari pompa air sebagai sumber tekanan melalui sistem perpipaan hidrolika dalam bentuk curahan air yang disemprotkan ke udara, kemudian curahan air tersebut jatuh ke tanah maupun akar-akar  tanaman. Ketinggian pipa merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang dapat menentukan kinerja sistem irigasi curah terhadap keseragaman distribusi atau penyebaran curahan air ke tanaman. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa ketinggian pipa memberi pengaruh terhadap semua parameter yang diamati, yakni koefisien keseragaman distribusi air (CU), laju penyiraman air dan jarak lempar air. Nilai rata-rata debit nozzle yang diperoleh adalah 3,4007 liter/menit dan nilai rata-rata laju penyiraman air 4897,032 mm/hari. Nilai koefisien keseragaman distribusi air adalah sebesar 99,017 % pada riser 15 cm, 99,015 % pada riser 20 cm dan 99,016 % pada riser 25 cm. Kemudian nilai rata-rata jarak lempar air 127,33 cm. Adapun untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian pipa pada sistem irigasi curah adalah dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi linear. Maka nilai regresi linear yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar 75,4 % dari seluruh parameter yang diamati, yakni koefisien keseragaman distribusi air (CU), laju penyiraman air dan jarak lempar air. Kata kunci : Sistem irigasi curah, ketinggian pipa. Abstract. The sprinkler irrigation system in the application of bulk can save water as well as the time needed for watering plants. The sprinkler irrigation system to distribute the water from the water pump as the source pressure through the piping system hydraulics in the form of a drink of water that is sprayed into the air, then the water flow fell to the ground and the roots of plants. The riser is one of the important factors that can determine the performance of irrigation systems bulk of the uniform distribution or dissemination of water flow into the plant. The results of this study explains that the height of the pipe to give effect to all parameters were observed, namely water distribution coefficient of uniformity (CU), the rate of watering and water throwing distance. The average value obtained discharge nozzle is 3.4007 liters / min and the average value of the rate of watering 4897.032 mm / day. The coefficient of uniformity of water distribution is equal to 99.017% at 15 cm riser, the riser 99.015% 99.016% 20 cm and 25 cm on the riser. Then the average value of 127.33 cm water throwing distance. As for the height of the pipe to determine the effect on the bulk of irrigation systems is to use linear regression equation. Then the resulting linear regression value is equal to 75,4 % of all observed parameters, ie water distribution coefficient of uniformity (CU), the rate of watering and water throwing distance. Keywords : The sprinkler irrigation system, the riser.

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