scholarly journals Influence of the nitrogen-sulfur fertilizing on the content of different sulfur fractions in soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
V. Vaněk ◽  
O. Sedlář
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Hydroiodic Acid ◽  
Soil Sulfur

&nbsp; Precise field experiments were established at 3 sites with oilseed rape under different soil-climatic conditions in the Czech Republic (Humpolec, Hněvčeves and Uhř&iacute;něves) in the years 2008&ndash;2010. In this experiment, four fertilizing treatments with increasing S rate were evaluated. The contents of bioavailable (S<sub>W</sub>), adsorbed (S<sub>ads</sub>), occluded (S<sub>ocl</sub>), and hydroiodic acid (HI) reducible (S<sub>HI</sub>) sulfur were measured. The contents of the fractions within the studied sites in the samples collected before fertilizers application were comparable. The S<sub>W</sub>, S<sub>ads</sub> a S<sub>ocl</sub> contents did not exceed 10 mg S/kg. The S<sub>HI</sub> contents differed depending on site and year. Fertilizing using S as CaSO<sub>4</sub> positively influenced the contents of S<sub>W</sub>, S<sub>ads</sub>, and S<sub>HI</sub> in soil. Sulfur fertilizing had also the positive tendencies to increase the winter rape yields but the differences between studied treatments were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup, a new quarantine pathogen of pines in the CR

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
M. Bednářová ◽  
D. Palovčíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Needle Blight

Dothistroma needle blight caused by Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup was observed for the first time in the Czech Republic on an imported Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found in the open planting. During three years, it became an important pathogen of pines in the Czech Republic. Its occurrence was noticed in more than 50 localities, above all in the region of Moravia and Silesia and eastern Bohemia. In total, it was found on 10 species of pine (P. nigra Arnold, P.&nbsp;banksiana Lamb., <br />P. contorta Loudon, P. mugo Turra, P.&nbsp;leucodermis Ant., P. sylvestris L., P. cembra L., P. aristata Engelm., P.&nbsp;ponderosa P. et C.&nbsp;Lawson and P. jeffreyi Grev. et Balf.). Also Picea pungens &nbsp;Engelm. was noticed as a host species. In the Czech Republic, Pinus nigra is the most frequent host species of M. pini (80% localities) followed by Pinus mugo (27% localities). On Scots pine P. sylvestris, M. pini was noticed at two localities. The critical period for infection is in the Czech Republic from the second half of May until the end of June. The incubation period lasts about 2&ndash;4 months depending on climatic conditions. The first symptoms on the needles infected in the current year appear in August being clearly expressed from September to November.In the CR, Dothistroma needle blight spread probably with infected planting stock obtained from import at the end of the 80s and at the beginning of the 90s.

scholarly journals Economic results of agricultural enterprises in 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Střeleček ◽  
J. Lososová ◽  
R. Zdeněk
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Long Term Trends

Every year, an analysis of economic results of a sample of agricultural enterprises farming in various production and climatic conditions in the territory of the Czech Republic is carried out by applying economic statistical methods. Based on these results, long-term trends of economic results and their influencing factors are defined. This article is based on the analysis of development of economic indicators of a sample of agricultural enterprises in the Czech Republic in the period 2003&ndash;2009, divided according to the proportion of the LFA. The year 2009 brought, in comparison with the previous years, a strong deterioration in economic results. In 2009, the economic result was the worst during the whole monitored period. The decrease in the average number of workers together with the increase in labour productivity manifests a long-term tendency. Agricultural subsidies tend also to grow in the long-term even though their growth has been slowing down.

scholarly journals Influence of meteorological factors on and their harmfulness to poppy stands in the Czech Republic in 1961-2000 year

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
František Muška
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Group 2

Poppy (Papaver somniferum) is the traditional crop in the Czech Republic. The surveys of the appearance of some agents harmful to plants within the territory of the Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic) in 1961 – 2000 were used for elaboration of the set as given above. The particular agents are divided into four groups 1. The influence of drought (precipitation insufficiency, drought and influence of high temperature are involved in this group). 2. The influence of extraordinary heavy precipitation (there is hailstrom and other damage). 3. Damage caused by low temperature and frost 4.The influence of the harmful impact of wind weather (there are wind, erosion caused by wind and wind storm). The data, as above, testify the high sensitivity of the poppy to the course of climatic conditions. It has been confirmed that poppy is problematic crop.

Flight patterns of Hedya dimidioalba, Spilonota ocellana and Pandemis heparana (Lep.: Tortricidae) based on data from pheromone traps

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stará ◽  
F. Kocourek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flight Pattern ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Richards Function ◽  
Pandemis Heparana

During 1992–1999 the flight activity of Hedya dimidioalba, Spilonota ocellana and Pandemis heparana was investigated by pheromone traps placed in six apple orchards and a plum orchard in Central and East Bohemia. The cumulative catches of each species were plotted against time of the catch expressed as the sum of degree-days above 10°C (H. dimidioalba and S. ocellana) and 8°C (P. heparana) and approximated by Richards’ function. Common parameters of Richards’ function could be found for Hedya dimidioalba and Spilonota ocellana from all localities. In Pandemis heparana the flight pattern was different for groups of localities with similar climatic conditions. It was found that the beginning, peak and end of the flight activity of these species in the Czech Republic can be reasonably predicted.

scholarly journals Some new findings of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M. E. Barr in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
D. Palovčíková ◽  
P. Haltofová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Findings

This study provides new information on the distribution of the chestnut blight agent Cryphonectria parasitica and its vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) in the Czech Republic. This study has revealed the presence of the disease in six localities. The VCG tests showed that each locality was represented by a single distinct VCG, which was different from the others collected in the country. The tests with 31 European testers of C.&nbsp;parasitica VCGs (EU-1 to EU-31) had assigned Czech isolates to VCGs EU-1, EU-4, EU-12, EU-13, EU-15, and EU-19. Moreover, the study showed that in the Czech Republic chestnut blight attacks young trees, not exceeding 35 years of age, and that climatic conditions in the country are suitable for C. parasitica. As two of the diseased localities were ornamental tree nurseries, one might expect its further spread over the country as a result of plant trade. The origin of infection remains unknown in all the localities where C.&nbsp;parasitica was detected. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Long-Term Water Balance of Selected Field Crops in Different Agricultural Regions of the Czech Republic Using Fao-56 and Soil Hydrological Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Duffková ◽  
Jiří Holub ◽  
Petr Fučík ◽  
Jaroslav Rožnovský ◽  
Ivan Novotný
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Stress

Long-term water balance (WB) of four selected crops (winter wheat, oilseed rape, silage maize, semi-early potatoes) was determined at the field block scale in the Czech Republic for all agricultural growing areas (AGAs): maize-, beet-, potato- and mountain-AGAs for the 1981–2010 period. A novel approach for the calculation of WB was employed, which combined the FAO-56 method for crop water requirements (CWRs) with sources of available water from precipitation, soil, and groundwater. The computed WB was divided into four categories of soil water availability based on soil hydrolimits and crop features: Categories 1 and 2 with zero or mild occurrence of crop water stress; categories 3 and 4 with intermediate and severe occurrence of crop water stress. The winter crops were affected by water stress to a lesser extent (the area of categories 3 and 4: wheat 20.1%, oilseed rape 14.5%) as compared with spring crops (the area of categories 3 and 4: maize 39.6%, potatoes 41%). The highest water deficit was recorded for all crops in the maize-AGA due to low precipitation and high CWRs. Most available water was revealed to occur in the mountain-AGA. A strong need for the adoption of measures towards the optimization of water regimes on agricultural land was indicated. The present study shows a promising approach for evaluating and proposing changes of area of cultivated crops with the appropriate tillage and agricultural water management in terms of satisfactory crop water requirements.

scholarly journals Influence of selected fungicides registered in the Czech Republic for winter oilseed rape on in vitro Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poslušná Jana ◽  
Plachká Eva ◽  
Mazáková Jana
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
The Mean

The baseline sensitivity of 55 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, collected from oilseed rape in 6 regions of the Czech Republic, to selected fungicides was determined during the period 2013–2015. One single-component fungicide – Horizon (tebuconazole), and four multicomponent fungicides – Pictor (boscalid, dimoxystrobin), Efilor (boscalid, metconazole), Prosaro 250 EC (prothioconazole, tebuconazole), and Propulse (fluopyram, prothioconazole), were chosen as these are commonly used locally. The effect of each fungicide on the in vitro pathogen radial mycelial growth and EC<sub>50 </sub>values for the respective fungicides were determined. The following MIC values were estimated; for the fungicides Horizon 250 EW, Efilor, and Propulse the mean MIC values ranged between 0.125 and 0.250 µl/ml, for Prosaro 250 EC ranged between 0.0625 and 0.125 µl/ml, and for Pictor ranged from 0.00781 to 0.01562 µl/ml. No strains of S. sclerotiorum resistant to the tested fungicides were detected and the growth of all isolates was fully inhibited at concentrations corresponding to their registered dose rates. The highest fungicidal efficacy on the collected S. sclerotiorum isolates was recorded for Pictor, followed by Prosaro 250 with an EC<sub>50</sub> value 0.05856 µl/ml and then the remaining fungicides Propulse, Efilor, and Horizon 250 EW (EC<sub>50</sub> values 0.07277, 0.07221, and 0.08519 µl/ml, respectively).

scholarly journals Pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae causing damage to oilseed rape in the Czech Republic and Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Řičařová ◽  
Joanna Kaczmarek ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Jan Kazda ◽  
Wolfgang Lueders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
The Czech Republic
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