Long-Term Water Balance of Selected Field Crops in Different Agricultural Regions of the Czech Republic Using Fao-56 and Soil Hydrological Approaches

Long-term water balance (WB) of four selected crops (winter wheat, oilseed rape, silage maize, semi-early potatoes) was determined at the field block scale in the Czech Republic for all agricultural growing areas (AGAs): maize-, beet-, potato- and mountain-AGAs for the 1981–2010 period. A novel approach for the calculation of WB was employed, which combined the FAO-56 method for crop water requirements (CWRs) with sources of available water from precipitation, soil, and groundwater. The computed WB was divided into four categories of soil water availability based on soil hydrolimits and crop features: Categories 1 and 2 with zero or mild occurrence of crop water stress; categories 3 and 4 with intermediate and severe occurrence of crop water stress. The winter crops were affected by water stress to a lesser extent (the area of categories 3 and 4: wheat 20.1%, oilseed rape 14.5%) as compared with spring crops (the area of categories 3 and 4: maize 39.6%, potatoes 41%). The highest water deficit was recorded for all crops in the maize-AGA due to low precipitation and high CWRs. Most available water was revealed to occur in the mountain-AGA. A strong need for the adoption of measures towards the optimization of water regimes on agricultural land was indicated. The present study shows a promising approach for evaluating and proposing changes of area of cultivated crops with the appropriate tillage and agricultural water management in terms of satisfactory crop water requirements.

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Application of in Situ Thermal Imaging to Estimate Crop Water Stress and Crop Water Requirements for Wheat in Koga Irrigation Scheme, Ethiopia

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering - Advances of Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-93712-6_10 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 144-159

Author(s):

Tewodrose D. Meselaw ◽

Fasikaw A. Zimale ◽

Seifu A. Tilahun ◽

Petra Schmitter

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Thermal Imaging ◽

Crop Water ◽

Irrigation Scheme ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Crop Water Requirements ◽

Crop Water Stress

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Analisis Neraca Air dan Kebutuhan Air Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Berdasarkan Fase Pertumbuhan Di Kota Tarakan

Rona Teknik Pertanian ◽

10.17969/rtp.v13i1.15856 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Sudirman Sirait ◽

Linda Aprilia ◽

Fachruddin Fachruddin

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Water Balance ◽

Water Supply ◽

Growth Phase ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Climate Data ◽

Crop Water ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Crop Water Requirements ◽

Corn Plants

Abstrak. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produktivitas tanaman jagung adalah penyediaan air yang cukup untuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Tanaman jagung sangat membutuhkan air dalam proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Ketepatan pemberian air sesuai dengan fase pertumbuhan tanaman jagung sangat berpengaruh terhadap produksi. Kelebihan dan kekurangan air akan mengakibatkan tanaman jagung mengalami penurunan dalam proses pertumbuhan dan produksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis neraca air dan kebutuhan air pada tanaman jagung berdasarkan fase pertumbuhan di wilayah Kota Tarakan. Penelitian ini dibagi dalam beberapa tahapan yaitu pengumpulan data iklim bulanan periode 2008-2017, analisis neraca air dengan metode Thornthwaite-Mather, dan analisis kebutuhan air tanaman jagung berdasarkan fase pertumbuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) Wilayah Kota Tarakan memiliki curah hujan andalan 3497,68 mm/tahun. (2) Total surplus 2997,84 mm/tahun, limpasan 1630,31 mm/tahun, dan pengisian air tanah 1367,53 mm/tahun. (3) Selama satu periode penanaman tanaman jagung rata-rata membutuhkan air sebesar 256,55 mm. (4) Total evapotranspirasi tanaman jagung selama 4 periode penanaman sebesar 1026.18 mm/tahun dan memiliki ketersediaan air yang sangat cukup serta setiap bulannya memiliki nilai surplus sepanjang tahun.Analysis of Water Balance and Crop Water Requirements of Corn (Zea mays L.) Based on Growth Phases in Tarakan CityAbstract. The effort to increase the productivity of corn plants is the provision of sufficient water for plant growth. Corn is a plant that needs water for the process of growth and development. The accuracy of the water supply following the growth phase of corn plants is very influential in production. Excess and deficiency of water will cause corn plants to decrease in the process of growth and production. This study aims to analyze the water balance and crop water requirements in corn-based on the growth phase in the City of Tarakan. This research was divided into several stages, namely the collection of monthly climate data for the period 2008-2017, analysis of water balance by using Thornthwaite-Mather method, and analysis of corn crop water requirements based on the growth phase. The results showed that (1) the Tarakan City area had a rainfall of 3497.68 mm/year. (2) The rainfall surplus is 2997.84 mm/year, runoff 1630.31 mm/year, and groundwater recharge 1367.53 mm/year. (3) During the one planting period, corn plants require an average of 256.55 mm of water. (4) The consumptive use (ETc) of corn plants during the 4 planting periods is 1026.18 mm/year and has a very adequate water supply and every month has more value throughout the year.

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Increased crop water requirements have exacerbated water stress in the arid transboundary rivers of Central Asia

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 713 ◽

pp. 136585 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hongwei Ruan ◽

Jingjie Yu ◽

Ping Wang ◽

Tianye Wang

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Central Asia ◽

Transboundary Rivers ◽

Crop Water ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Crop Water Requirements

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Development of foliage biomass of young spruce and beech stands in the mountain water balance research area

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/72/2008-jfs ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 51-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. Kantor ◽

F. Šach ◽

V. Černohous

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Water Balance ◽

Stand Density ◽

Research Area ◽

Stand Age ◽

Water Balance Components ◽

Area Index ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Commercial Species

The investigation of foliage biomass development including LAI and the growth of spruce and beech stands in the juvenile stage (age 1 to 21 years) represents a special complementary study to long-term research of water balance components on the experimental forest hydrology area Deštné Mountainside. The experiment is located in the Orlické hory Mts. at the altitude of 900 m on a clear-felled area. In 1982 the spruce plantation was established at 1.5 ´ 1.5 m spacing (4,600 plants/ha) and the beech plantation at 1.0 ´ 1.0 m (10,000 plants/ha). According to tending programs applicable to forest stands in the Czech Republic, two improvement fellings were carried out (1995 and 2001) in spruce and none in beech. In 2002, some 1,550 spruce trees/ha (mean height 10.1 m) and 7,440 beech trees/ha (mean height 4.8 m) were recorded. At the end of the first vegetation season in 1982, the dry matter (DM) of foliage in spruce and beech amounted to 35 and 70 kg/ha, respectively. Five years later (1987), these values increased to 770 and 360 kg/ha in spruce and beech, respectively. At a stand age of 21 years, foliage DM was determined to be 11,940 kg/ha for spruce and 3,050 kg/ha for beech. At the same time, the leaf-area index (LAI) was calculated to be 5.55 and 5.94 in spruce and beech, respectively. The method of foliage biomass quantification, based on the determination of foliage DM of mean sample trees and stand density, enabled to acquire complementary data usable in long-term research of the water regime of spruce and beech and simultaneously to provide information on the potential of biomass production and LAI value of both main commercial species in mountain forests of the Czech Republic.

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Optimizing Irrigation Rates for Cotton Production in an Extremely Arid Area Using RZWQM2-Simulated Water Stress

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.12365 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 2041-2052 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Che Liu ◽

Zhiming Qi ◽

Zhe Gu ◽

Dongwei Gui ◽

Fanjiang Zeng

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Stress ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Water Balance ◽

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Arid Area ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Crop Water ◽

Crop Water Stress

Abstract. Quantifying crop water demand and optimizing irrigation management practices are essential to water resource management in arid desert oases. Agricultural systems modeling can serve to develop a better understanding of the hydrologic cycle under various irrigation and climate conditions. RZWQM2-simulated water stress can be used as an indicator for irrigation scheduling but has not been applied to extremely arid zones. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the performance of RZWQM2 in simulating soil moisture content and crop production in an extremely arid area and (2) develop an optimal irrigation strategy using model-simulated crop water stress. In this study, RZWQM2 hybridized with DSSAT was calibrated and validated against soil moisture, cottield, and development stage data collected from 2006 to 2013 in a flood-irrigated cotton field located in an extremely dry oasis in Cele, situated in Xinjiang, China (mean annual precipitation 37 mm). The simulated water balance was analyzed to determine the actual crop water consumption, crop water requirements, and seepage loss. Subsequently, an optimal irrigation scheme was developed using RZWQM2 by averting crop water stress from planting to 90% open boll. In comparison to similar studies, the accuracy of soil moisture content simulations was deemed acceptable based on percent bias (PBIAS < ±15%), coefficient of determination (0.378 = R2 = 0.636), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (0.130 = ME = 0.557), and root mean squared error (0.022 m3 m-3 = RMSE = 0.031 m3 m-3). The model performed well in simulating cotton yield (R2 = 0.79, ME = 0.75, RMSE = 417.0 kg ha-1, and relative RMSE (rRMSE) = 12.5%). Model-simulated plant emergence dates were generally six days late because of the model’s lack of a component for mulching after seeding. Other phenological dates were closely matched, with a mean difference of ±4 days. On average, over eight years, the simulated growing season (planting to 90% open boll) water balance showed that the cotton crop consumed 532 mm year-1 of water under current irrigation practices, while 109 mm of water was lost through deep seepage. However, based on simulated PET, the crop water requirement was 641 mm year-1, suggesting water stress under current irrigation practices. Under these conditions, water stress occurred mainly during the late stages of cotton growth. The model-simulated actual evapotranspiration (ET) is comparable to the calculated ET using the water balance method, with percent error of -1.3%, indicating the rationality of applying model-simulated results in a water stress-based irrigation scheduling method. On average, the water stress-minimizing RZWQM2 irrigation schedule resulted in an apparent irrigation water savings of 32 mm year-1 (4.9%) and an annual yield increase of 527 kg ha-1 (16.3%). RZWQM2 was shown to be suitable for simulating soil hydrology and crop development in an agricultural system implemented in an extremely dry climate. Rescheduling of irrigation using a water stress-based method can be used to optimize irrigation water use and cotton production. Keywords: Cotton production, Optimum irrigation, RZWQM2, Soil water content, Water stress, WS-based regime.

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Study on water requirement of rice using CROPWAT model for Lucknow division of Uttar Pradesh

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v6i1.14920 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amesh Verma ◽

Anshu Gangwar ◽

Munish Kumar ◽

Ramesh Kumar Verma

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Balance ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Balance Model ◽

Crop Evapotranspiration ◽

Crop Water ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Crop Water Stress

Due to the overuse of available water resources, it has become very important to define appropriate strategies for planning and management of irrigated farmland one of the major practices adopted by the researchers for estimating water requirement of the crop is modeling. For determination of crop evapotranspiration and yield responses to water in agro-ecological units (AEUs) of Lakhimpur Kheri, Sitapur, Lucknow, Unnao, Hardoi, Rai Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh, CROPWAT 8.0 model is used, it includes a simple water balance model that allows the simulation of crop water stress conditions and estimation of yield reductions based on well-established methodologies. This paper is been focused on the study of water requirement for rice crop in Lucknow division of Uttar Pradesh.

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Long-Term Application of the Crop Water Stress Index in Midwest Agro-Ecosystems

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2016.09.0494 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 2172-2181 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christian Dold ◽

Jerry L. Hatfield ◽

John Prueger ◽

Tom Sauer ◽

Hakan Büyükcangaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Stress Index ◽

Crop Water ◽

Crop Water Stress Index ◽

Water Stress Index ◽

Crop Water Stress

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Climatic water balance, probable rainfall, rice crop water requirements and cold periods in AER 12.0 in India

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 15-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gouranga Kar ◽

H.N. Verma

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Rice Crop ◽

Crop Water ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Crop Water Requirements

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Long-Term Assessment of Reference Baselines for the Determination of the Crop Water Stress Index in Maize under Mediterranean Conditions

Water ◽

10.3390/w13213119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 3119

Author(s):

Alejandro Prior ◽

Orly Enrique Apolo-Apolo ◽

Pedro Castro-Valdecantos ◽

Manuel Pérez-Ruiz ◽

Gregorio Egea

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Stress Index ◽

Crop Water ◽

Crop Water Stress Index ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Water Stress Index ◽

Mediterranean Conditions ◽

Crop Water Stress

Canopy temperature has been proposed as a relevant variable for crop water stress monitoring. Since crop temperature is highly influenced by the prevailing climatic conditions, it is usually normalized with indices such as the crop water stress index (CWSI). The index requires the use of two baselines that relate canopy temperature under maximum stress and non-water stress conditions with vapor pressure deficit (VPD). These reference baselines are specific to each crop and climatic region. In maize, they have been extensively studied for certain climatic regions but very little is known on their suitability to be used under Mediterranean-type conditions nor their temporal stability, both diurnally and between seasons. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the reference baselines for maize grown under Mediterranean conditions, as well as its diurnal and long-term stability. An experiment was conducted for 3 years in a maize breeding field, under well-watered and water-stressed irrigation treatments. The determined reference baselines for computing CWSI in maize have shown to be stable in the long term but markedly influenced by the meteorological variations between 10–17 h UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). These results indicate that several reference baselines should be used for CWSI computing throughout the abovementioned time interval. The CWSI values calculated for well-watered and water-stressed maize breeding plots using the reference baselines derived in this study were successfully correlated with other physiological indicators of plant water stress.

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