Stabilization of available potassium across soil and climatic conditions of the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikulas Madaras ◽  
Magdalena Koubova ◽  
Jan Lipavský
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup, a new quarantine pathogen of pines in the CR

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
M. Bednářová ◽  
D. Palovčíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Needle Blight

Dothistroma needle blight caused by Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup was observed for the first time in the Czech Republic on an imported Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found in the open planting. During three years, it became an important pathogen of pines in the Czech Republic. Its occurrence was noticed in more than 50 localities, above all in the region of Moravia and Silesia and eastern Bohemia. In total, it was found on 10 species of pine (P. nigra Arnold, P.&nbsp;banksiana Lamb., <br />P. contorta Loudon, P. mugo Turra, P.&nbsp;leucodermis Ant., P. sylvestris L., P. cembra L., P. aristata Engelm., P.&nbsp;ponderosa P. et C.&nbsp;Lawson and P. jeffreyi Grev. et Balf.). Also Picea pungens &nbsp;Engelm. was noticed as a host species. In the Czech Republic, Pinus nigra is the most frequent host species of M. pini (80% localities) followed by Pinus mugo (27% localities). On Scots pine P. sylvestris, M. pini was noticed at two localities. The critical period for infection is in the Czech Republic from the second half of May until the end of June. The incubation period lasts about 2&ndash;4 months depending on climatic conditions. The first symptoms on the needles infected in the current year appear in August being clearly expressed from September to November.In the CR, Dothistroma needle blight spread probably with infected planting stock obtained from import at the end of the 80s and at the beginning of the 90s.

scholarly journals Economic results of agricultural enterprises in 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Střeleček ◽  
J. Lososová ◽  
R. Zdeněk
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Long Term Trends

Every year, an analysis of economic results of a sample of agricultural enterprises farming in various production and climatic conditions in the territory of the Czech Republic is carried out by applying economic statistical methods. Based on these results, long-term trends of economic results and their influencing factors are defined. This article is based on the analysis of development of economic indicators of a sample of agricultural enterprises in the Czech Republic in the period 2003&ndash;2009, divided according to the proportion of the LFA. The year 2009 brought, in comparison with the previous years, a strong deterioration in economic results. In 2009, the economic result was the worst during the whole monitored period. The decrease in the average number of workers together with the increase in labour productivity manifests a long-term tendency. Agricultural subsidies tend also to grow in the long-term even though their growth has been slowing down.

scholarly journals Influence of meteorological factors on and their harmfulness to poppy stands in the Czech Republic in 1961-2000 year

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
František Muška
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Group 2

Poppy (Papaver somniferum) is the traditional crop in the Czech Republic. The surveys of the appearance of some agents harmful to plants within the territory of the Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic) in 1961 – 2000 were used for elaboration of the set as given above. The particular agents are divided into four groups 1. The influence of drought (precipitation insufficiency, drought and influence of high temperature are involved in this group). 2. The influence of extraordinary heavy precipitation (there is hailstrom and other damage). 3. Damage caused by low temperature and frost 4.The influence of the harmful impact of wind weather (there are wind, erosion caused by wind and wind storm). The data, as above, testify the high sensitivity of the poppy to the course of climatic conditions. It has been confirmed that poppy is problematic crop.

Flight patterns of Hedya dimidioalba, Spilonota ocellana and Pandemis heparana (Lep.: Tortricidae) based on data from pheromone traps

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stará ◽  
F. Kocourek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flight Pattern ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Richards Function ◽  
Pandemis Heparana

During 1992–1999 the flight activity of Hedya dimidioalba, Spilonota ocellana and Pandemis heparana was investigated by pheromone traps placed in six apple orchards and a plum orchard in Central and East Bohemia. The cumulative catches of each species were plotted against time of the catch expressed as the sum of degree-days above 10°C (H. dimidioalba and S. ocellana) and 8°C (P. heparana) and approximated by Richards’ function. Common parameters of Richards’ function could be found for Hedya dimidioalba and Spilonota ocellana from all localities. In Pandemis heparana the flight pattern was different for groups of localities with similar climatic conditions. It was found that the beginning, peak and end of the flight activity of these species in the Czech Republic can be reasonably predicted.

scholarly journals Influence of the nitrogen-sulfur fertilizing on the content of different sulfur fractions in soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
V. Vaněk ◽  
O. Sedlář
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Hydroiodic Acid ◽  
Soil Sulfur

&nbsp; Precise field experiments were established at 3 sites with oilseed rape under different soil-climatic conditions in the Czech Republic (Humpolec, Hněvčeves and Uhř&iacute;něves) in the years 2008&ndash;2010. In this experiment, four fertilizing treatments with increasing S rate were evaluated. The contents of bioavailable (S<sub>W</sub>), adsorbed (S<sub>ads</sub>), occluded (S<sub>ocl</sub>), and hydroiodic acid (HI) reducible (S<sub>HI</sub>) sulfur were measured. The contents of the fractions within the studied sites in the samples collected before fertilizers application were comparable. The S<sub>W</sub>, S<sub>ads</sub> a S<sub>ocl</sub> contents did not exceed 10 mg S/kg. The S<sub>HI</sub> contents differed depending on site and year. Fertilizing using S as CaSO<sub>4</sub> positively influenced the contents of S<sub>W</sub>, S<sub>ads</sub>, and S<sub>HI</sub> in soil. Sulfur fertilizing had also the positive tendencies to increase the winter rape yields but the differences between studied treatments were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Some new findings of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M. E. Barr in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
D. Palovčíková ◽  
P. Haltofová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Findings

This study provides new information on the distribution of the chestnut blight agent Cryphonectria parasitica and its vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) in the Czech Republic. This study has revealed the presence of the disease in six localities. The VCG tests showed that each locality was represented by a single distinct VCG, which was different from the others collected in the country. The tests with 31 European testers of C.&nbsp;parasitica VCGs (EU-1 to EU-31) had assigned Czech isolates to VCGs EU-1, EU-4, EU-12, EU-13, EU-15, and EU-19. Moreover, the study showed that in the Czech Republic chestnut blight attacks young trees, not exceeding 35 years of age, and that climatic conditions in the country are suitable for C. parasitica. As two of the diseased localities were ornamental tree nurseries, one might expect its further spread over the country as a result of plant trade. The origin of infection remains unknown in all the localities where C.&nbsp;parasitica was detected. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Examples of Recent Floods in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Knight ◽  
◽  
Paul Samuels ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The Uk

Some significant flood events that have occurred in various European countries in the last decade are described. They are used to illustrate the widespread nature of flooding, its economic impact and the resultant loss of life. The underlying hydro-meteorological causes of each flood are outlined, followed by a brief chronology of the flood event and the subsequent consequences. The flood events have been drawn from countries with differing climatic conditions, and from river basins that differ in both size and topography. The selection includes floods from the following countries: the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland and the UK. The events include examples of both flash floods and slower basin-wide floods. The important lessons that may be drawn from these events are highlighted, as are the economic impacts such floods might have in the future due to climate change.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Growth Dynamics and Morphological Characteristics of Genetic Sources of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Koláčková ◽  
Gabriela Růžičková ◽  
Ivana Šafránková ◽  
Karel Hron ◽  
Klára Hrůzová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Data Value

The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth dynamics and selected morphological characteristics of genetic sources of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) for the further development of the minimal set of descriptors. Milk thistle is grown in the Czech Republic for its achenes; however, the quality of achenes can be reduced by many factors, by the occurrence of fungal pathogens mainly. The growth dynamics and morphological characteristics of milk thistle during the vegetation period in the years 2010–2013 at two localities were evaluated. The cluster analysis of the data showed the similarity for some of the accessions and confirmed the dependence of the data value to the climatic conditions. Source from Serbia, Slovakia, Romanian variety ’De Prahova’, German accessions SIL 2 and SIL 8, Hungarian accesion RCAT 040360 DDR and Czech variety ’Silyb’ seem to be promising genetic sources from the viewpoint of growth and development in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Forest fires and their causes in the Czech Republic (1992–2004)

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kula ◽  
Z. Jankovská
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Railway Operation ◽  
Visit Number ◽  
Fire Origin

Forest fires under conditions of the Czech Republic are evaluated from the aspect of their frequency of occurrence in 1992&ndash;2004 at a level of particular years, seasons, days and daytime, and causes of their origin. They are confronted with a situation in the CR in 1974&ndash;1983. Effects of climatic conditions are a limiting factor not only for the frequency of their origin but also for the size of the burnt area. Spring (April) and summer (August) culminations were balanced. The burnt area of the best part of forest fires (88.9%) was &lt; 1 ha. The increased frequency of forest fires was noted in afternoon hours and during weekends. Areas threatened by fires are characterized by the increased visit number. In the spectrum of causes, a dominant position is taken up by fire raising, smoking and management in the forest.&nbsp; Railway operation and lightning represent minority causes of the origin of forest fires. In the course of the year, the structure of forest fire origin changes depending on activities in the forest and visit number. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The economic performance analysis of organic farms in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Brožová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Economic Profit ◽  
Legal Entities

The research presented in the paper was aimed at analyzing the economic performance of organic farms in the Czech Republic and at evaluating their operation in variants (i.e. including or excluding subsidies). The research was targeted solely at legal entities due to a limited data base. The performance of organic farms (individual kinds of legal entities) was compared by regions with the agricultural enterprises farming conventionally. The organic farms economic profit was as well assessed in relation to their field of activity. Based on the analysis made, the economic situation is more favourable for the organically farming enterprises. Their economic results are actively influenced by subsidies without which an absolute majority of enterprises would be operating at a loss. (When including subsidies in the yields, 84.9% farms of the sample were profitable. On the other hand, while excluding subsidies, 95.7% of the enterprises were loss-making.) Economic success of the farms is influenced &ndash; together with subsidies &ndash; by the natural and climatic conditions as well as and by their field of activities. The enterprises farming permanent grassland (solely or in combination with a different culture) prevail. A lower intensity of this farming is reflected in the more favourable economic results.

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