scholarly journals The effect of ecological growing on the potatoes yield and quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hamouz ◽  
J. Lachman ◽  
P. Dvořák ◽  
V. Pivec

In the years 1995–1997 the effect of ecological growing on the yield and selected parameters of quality of consumer potatoes (in comparison with conventional way) were investigated. The ecological way of growing differed in the lack of chemical protection against diseases and pests and industrial fertilizers. Field trials were realised with seven varieties (Impala, Karin, Agria, Korela, Rosella, Santé and Ornella) on two sites (Uhříněves and Valečov). The ecological way of growing had markedly negative effect on the yield (decrease by 36%). In qualitative parameters the ecological way increased inconclusively polyphenol content (by 10.2%), decreased inconclusively nitrate content (by 11.0%) and reducing sugars (by 22%). It did not affect dry matter content, resistance of tubers to mechanical damage, table value and glycoalkaloid content. Variety Santé achieved the best results from the point of view of the yield and majority of qualitative parameters among varieties. Qualitative parameters of ecologically cultivated potatoes were significantly affected by the year of cultivation.

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MUSTONEN

The effects of nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of early potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were studied at MTT Agrifood Research Finland during 1996–1997. Cultivars were harvested at three times. The experimental layout was a split-split-plot with harvest times as main plots and nitrogen fertilization and potato cultivars as the subplots. The fertilizer treatments were 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 and the cultivars tested were Timo, Gloria and Van Gogh. The harvest times were 57–62, 70–75 and 85–90 days after planting. Application of 120 kg N ha-1 intensifi ed canopy development and increased leaf area of the stands. At early harvest the tuber yield of all cultivars receiving the higher nitrogen application increased by 0.5–2.5 t ha-1. The highest yielding cultivar was Timo. At last harvest, the higher nitrogen treatment increased yield by 3.0–6.2 t ha-1. The highest yielding cultivars were Timo and Van Gogh. The dry matter content of tubers was very low, 13.8–17.2%, at the fi rst harvest and the higher nitrogen application reduced dry matter content by 0.3–1.0%. The highest fertilizer application rate resulted in the largest tuber size. Nitrogen application, however, affected the quality of potatoes by decreasing the dry matter content. The nitrate content in tubers increased signifi cantly with the increasing level of nitrogen. The range of nitrate content in tubers fl uctuated between 13 and 189 mg kg-1 fresh weight showing good controlling of nitrate values. Harvest time affected sucrose content and the reducing sugar content in tubers, but nitrogen fertilizer did not change the sugar content of tubers. As tuber yield and quality during a short growing season are affected mainly by intercepted radiation, methods to increase tuber yield should focus on reducing the time to emergence, improving haulm growth after emergence and increasing the harvest index.;


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Stefania Toscano ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Daniela Romano

Natural biostimulants obtained by plants are intensively used nowadays to improve crop yield and quality. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of leaf extract of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) (MLE) in modifying baby leaf characteristics of two genotypes of Brassica. The trial was started in October 2020 in a greenhouse; a cultivar of kale ‘Cavolo Laciniato Nero di Toscana’ (CL) and a Sicilian landrace of sprouting broccoli ‘Broccoli Nero’ (BN) were used. The plants, after 15, 30 and 40 days from sowing, were treated with MLE, while the control plants (C) with distilled water. Treatment with MLE modified morphological and nutritional value, but with different behavior in the two genotypes. In fact, in BN the treatment reduced the antioxidant activity (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) by 54%, while in CL the treatment increased this parameter by 40%. For the phenolic concentration and the sugar content the values recorded were significantly increased by MLE compared to control plants in CL, where in BN a significant reduction was registered. The CL plants treated with MLE showed a significant reduction (−70%) in nitrate content compared to the control plants; a negative effect was, instead, observed in BN, where the plants treated with moringa showed an increase of 60%. Results of this study showed how the foliar application of MLE was effective in improving various nutraceutical parameters, in particular in kale, because it appears to be a species-specific response.


Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Jiaxiu Sun ◽  
Yuling Liu ◽  
SHRESTHA SUJATA ◽  
...  

China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit, as well as the country with the largest cultivated area and output of kiwifruit. A previous study found that a new kiwifruit virus, Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus (AYRSpV), has been detected in kiwifruit samples with yellowed leaves. The incidence of this virus was high in kiwifruit plantings in Shaanxi Province. To determine the symptoms of this viral infection and the effects of this virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruits, we measured leaf chlorophyll levels and the fruit yield, total sugar, total acid and dry matter contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits grafted with AYRSpV-infected scions. The results showed that after AYRSpV infection, symptoms including chlorotic ringspots were mainly observed in the spring and gradually recovered with high summer temperatures. A few of the leaves that did not recover showed symptoms of albinism, which lasted until the leaves fell. We found that AYRSpV infection could reduce the chlorophyll content of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by 74.61-76.64%, the fruit yield by 14.50-24.10%, the sugar to acid ratio by 50.09-50.57%, and the fruit dry matter content by 1.67-1.78%. Our results showed that AYRSpV infection could significantly affect the yield and quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit.


1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUZANNE BEAUCHEMIN ◽  
MARC R. LAVERDIÈRE ◽  
ADRIEN N'DAYEGAMIYE

Intensive potato cropping has been reported as a major cause of degradation of sandy soils. Wood residues from tree clipping applied to soils can substitute for crop residues to maintain adequate organic matter levels and crop productivity. However, this ligneous material presents a C:N ratio varying from 50 to 175 and, when applied in large quantities, may induce N immobilization at the expense of the crop. The objectives of this study were to quantify the importance of this N immobilization following addition of residues and its effect on yield and quality of potato crops. Fresh or humified residues (50 t ha−1) were applied to the soil and incorporated. The third treatment received no residue. Each treatment was subdivided into subtreatments which received either 0, 150, 200 or 250 kg N ha−1. P, K, Mg and S were applied at the same rate on all treatments. Following the application of wood residues in 1987, 46 kg N ha−1 were immobilized in amended plots. N recovery from fertilizer was 51%. To obtain comparable yields of similar quality to those measured on unamended plots, an additional 1.9 kg N t−1 residues added or 100 kg N ha−1 were required. In 1988, N immobilization was considerably reduced; yield and quality of potato tubers in plots that received wood residues the previous year were comparable to those of the unamended plots with appropriate fertilization. Water retention was significantly improved in plots that received wood residues. Partial decomposition of the residues for 1 yr prior to application on the soil did not significantly improve plant growth compared to fresh residues. Key words: Wood residues, tree clippings, potato yield, dry matter content, nitrogen immobilization, soil water content


2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babul C Sarker ◽  
MA Rahim

The experiment was carried out at the Germplasm Centre of Bangladesh   Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the fruiting season of 2005-06 to   investigate the effects of fertilizer and its installment of application on   harvesting time, yield and quality of fruits of 8 years old mango plant cv. Amrapali. Four fertilizer doses i.e. T1 : 50% of the fertilizer dose (cowdung 12.5 kg, urea 375 g, TSP200g, MoP125 g, gypsum 125 g and zinc sulphate 7.5 g per plant), T2 : 100% of the fertilizer dose (cowdung 25 kg, urea 750 g, TSP400 g, MoP 250 g, gypsum  250 g and zinc sulphate 15 g per plant), T3 : 150% of the fertilizer dose (cowdung  37.5 kg, urea 1125 g, TSP 600 g, MoP 375 g, gypsum 375 g and zinc sulphate 22.5 g per plant), and T4 : control (no fertilizer) and three splits of application i.e. A1 : One installment (whole fertilizer applied on 15 September), A2 : Two installments (15 September and 15 March) and A3 : Three installments (15 September, 15 March and 15 May) were included as treatments. Plants receiving 150% of the fertilizer dose in three installments caused delayed harvest by 11 days compared  to control than that of the control. Plants treated with 150% of fertilizer dose in combination with three installments produced the highest number of fruits (96/ plant) as well as the highest yield (19.55 kg/plant) as compared to control (23/   plant and 3.48 kg/plant). Applying fertilizer at 150% of the fertilizer dose in  three installments improved the fruit quality with regard to TSS, pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, moisture content, dry matter content, reducing sugar, non reducing sugar and total sugar content over control. Thus, this treatment may be recommended for fertilizer management in mango cultivation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11231 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 279-293, June 2012


Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Almudena Giménez ◽  
Juan A. Fernández ◽  
José A. Pascual ◽  
Margarita Ros ◽  
Catalina Egea-Gilabert

The aim of this work was to study whether the application of a directly brewed compost extract (added in the nutrient solution or by microsprinkler) could be used to improve the yield and quality of baby leaf red lettuce growing in a floating system, and to control the incidence of Pythium irregulare. Its effect on the quality of fresh-cut red lettuce was also studied. For this, two experiments were carried out over two growing cycles (winter–spring and autumn). The results showed that the use of compost extract added to the nutrient solution improved baby leaf lettuce growth and quality, reducing the nitrate content and enhancing the content of potentially health-promoting compounds such as phenols and flavonoids and the antioxidant capacity. Microbial quality was maintained during storage and the compost extract had no negative effect on the microbial load of the final product. In addition, application of the compost decreased the population of P. irregulare in the water. It is concluded that the application of directly brewed compost extract is of potential use in a sustainable soilless production system for baby leaf red lettuce, since it improves the yield and quality of the product and is able to control the incidence of P. irregulare.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Fitsum Gebregwergis ◽  
Mehari Gebremicheal ◽  
Hailay Gebremedhin ◽  
Abraha Asefa

A field experiment was conducted in Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia, during the summer season to determine the effects of flower removal and earthing up time on the tuber yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experiment comprised three flower removal stages and five earthing up time treatments, which were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) of a 5x3 factorial arrangement with three replications. Data collected on tuber yield and quality parameters were analyzed using SAS version 9.2. The interaction of flower removal stages and earthing up time treatments affected marketable and unmarketable tuber number and yield, total tuber number and yield, large-sized tuber weight, and number of large-sized tubers. The medium and small-sized tubers were also affected by main treatments but not by their interaction treatments. Similarly, dry matter content was significantly (p<0.05) affected by flower removal alone, but not by earthing up time and its interaction with flower removal. Generally, the highest marketable tuber yield (30.25 t ha-1), large-sized tuber weight (424.9 g), the number of large-sized tubers (5), and total tuber yield (30.96 t ha-1) were recorded in the treatment of potato flower removed at the bud stage and earthed up at 15 days after complete emergence. Therefore, the removal of potato flowers at the bud stage and earthing up at 15 days after complete emergence and common cultivation can be practiced for better tuber yield and quality of potato.


Author(s):  
Nguyễn Đình Thi ◽  
Thái Thị Hồng Mỹ ◽  
Lê Thị Hương Xuân

Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của các nồng độ Na2SO3 (0, 100, 300, 500 ppm) đến 03 giống sắn KM 94, KM 21-12 và KM 444 trong năm 2019 tại vùng sinh thái gò đồi thị xã Hương Trà, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế nhằm mục đích xác định ảnh hưởng và nồng độ Na2SO3 phù hợp cho cây sắn. Kết quả đạt được là: 1) Phun Na2SO3 ở các nồng độ thí nghiệm đã tăng sinh trưởng thân - lá - củ, năng suất, chất lượng củ và hiệu quả kinh tế của 03 giống sắn thí nghiệm. 2) Tại nồng độ phun Na2SO3 từ 300 đến 500 ppm, so với đối chứng giống KM 94 tăng năng suất thực thu 19,5 - 20,2%, tỷ lệ sắn lát đạt 40,9 - 41,1%, hàm lượng tinh bột đạt 29,3 - 30,2% và năng suất ethanol tăng 23,6 - 26,6%; Giống KM 21-12 tăng năng suất thực thu 15,1 - 18,6%, tỷ lệ sắn lát đạt 40,5 - 41,0%, hàm lượng tinh bột đạt 29,7 - 29,8% và năng suất ethanol tăng 21,6 - 25,8%; Giống KM 444 tăng năng suất thực thu 18,4 - 19,9%, tỷ lệ sắn lát đạt 40,6 - 40,8%, hàm lượng tinh bột đạt 30,3 - 30,9% và năng suất ethanol tăng 24,9 - 25,7%. ABSTRACT The study on the effects of Na2SO3 concentrations (0, 100, 300, 500 ppm) on 03 cassava varieties (KM 94, KM 21-12 and KM444) was conducted in 2019 in hilly ecological area of Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province to determine the effect and suitable concentration of Na2SO3 for cassava. The results showed that: 1) Spraying Na2SO3 at a rate of 640 liters/ha with experimental concentrations increased stem - leaf - root growth, yield and quality of roots and economic efficiency of all of 03 cassava varieties. 2) Spraying Na2SO3 at concentrations from 300 to 500 ppm, compared with the control, KM 94 increased root yield of 19.5 - 20.2%, dry matter content reached 40.9 - 41.1%, starch content reached 29.3 - 30.2% and ethanol production increased by 23.6 - 26.6%; KM 21 - 12 increased root yield of 15.1 - 18.6%, dry matter content reached 40.5 - 41.0%, starch content reached 29.7 - 29.8% and ethanol production increased by 21.6 - 25.8%; KM 444 increased root yield of 18.4 - 19.9%, dry matter content reached 40.6 - 40.8%, starch content reached 30.3 - 30.9% and ethanol production increased by 24.9 - 25.7%.  


2020 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
С.В. Мальцев ◽  
Д.В. Абросимов

В статье отражены результаты изучения влияния сорта и различных систем механической очистки клубней на качество картофеля в вакуумной упаковке. Исследования проводились в 2015–2018 годах на экспериментальной базе ФГБНУ ВНИИКХ (Московская область, Люберецкий район). Опыт двухфакторный: фактор А – сорт (110 сортообразцов), фактор Б – тип механической системы очистки клубней (ножевая, абразивная и перфорированная ячеистая). Качество продукта по показателям устойчивости мякоти к потемнению и сохранности тургора клубней определяли через 5, 10 и 15 дней после вакуумирования при переработке в сентябре, январе и апреле. Температура хранения сырья 5–7 °С, относительная влажность воздуха в хранилище 90–95%. В результате исследований установлено, что сорта картофеля для вакуумной упаковки должны соответствовать следующим требованиям: содержание сухого вещества не ниже 20%; отходов при механической очистке не более 20% при сентябрьском сроке переработки и использовании системы очистки ножевого типа; устойчивость мякоти клубней к потемнению не ниже 7 баллов через 15 дней хранения в вакуумной упаковке; предпочтительный цвет мякоти – кремовый и желтый. Выявлено, что глубина выреза более 5 мм на поверхности клубней при ручной доочистке крайне негативно влияет на качество вакуумированного картофеля. Из 110 изученных сортов для вакуумной упаковки рекомендованы 40, соответствующие вышеуказанным требованиям, например, такие, как Лилея, Ломоносовский, Люкс, Утенок, Холмогорский, Амур, Бриз, Былина Сибири, Гала, Горняк, Манифест, Памяти Лорха, Русский сувенир, Лина, Барин, Златка, Надежда, Сиреневый туман, Фаворит, Фрителла. Установлено, что использование рекомендуемых сортов и механической системы очистки ножевого типа (режим работы 80 сек.), по сравнению с абразивным и ячеистым, способствует снижению отходов при переработке в среднем за сезон на 4,8% при одновременном сохранении высокого качества конечного продукта. The article presents the results of studying the influence of potato varieties and various mechanical tuber peeling systems on quality of vacuum-packed potato. Researches were conducted in 2015–2018 at the experimental base of Lorch Potato Research Institute (Moscow region, Lyuberetsky district). Two-factor experiment: factor A – potato variety (amount 110), factor B – type of mechanical tuber peeling system (blade, abrasive and perforated cellular). The quality of the product according to the indicators of pulp darkening resistance and the safety of the tuber turgor was determined 5, 10 and 15 days after vacuuming when processing in September, January and April. Potato store temperature was 5–7 °C, the relative humidity in the storage – 90–95%. As a result of research, it was found that potato varieties suitable for vacuum packaging must meet the following requirements: dry matter content not less than 20%; losses during mechanical peeling not more than 20% when processing in September and using a blade-type peeling system; resistance of the tuber pulp to darkening not less than 7 points after 15 days of storage in a vacuum package; the preferred color of pulp is cream and yellow. It was found that the depth of the cutout more than 5 mm on the surface of tubers during manual post-peeling has a severe negative effect on the quality of vacuumed potatoes. From 110 studied varieties, 40 ones which meet the above mentioned requirements were recommended for vacuum packaging, such as Lilea, Lomonosovsky, Lux, Utenok, Holmogorsky, Amur, Briz, Bilina Sibiri, Gala, Gornyak, Manifest, Pamyaty Lorcha, Russky suvenir, Lina, Barin, Zlatka, Nadezhda, Sirenevy tuman, Favorite, Fritella. It was found that the use of recommended varieties and a mechanical peeling system of blade type (operating mode 80 sec.), in comparison with abrasive and cellular, helps to reduce losses while processing by an average of 4.8% per season and lets to maintain the high quality of the final product.


2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Josip Ćota ◽  
Azra Hadžić

A two-year experiment (2009-2010) included four potato varieties (Desire, Romano, Bistra and Kis Sora). Experiments were conducted in Butmir (about 500 m/ asl) and Glamoč (approximately 900 m/ asl) region. The aim was to select new varieties for our area of cultivation. Productive characteristics of potato varieties (yield, weight and number of tubers per box) were examined. In the frame of qualitative properties, dry matter content and starch were examined. Trials were performed by randomised block design with four replications, and the results were analysed using the analysis of variance. Higher average yield was achieved by Romano cultivar by 8% compared to Desire and Kis Sora. Dry matter content ranged from 21.80% in Romano to 22.20% in Desiree. Examining varieties should be continued in the upcoming period in order to determine the most favourable conditions for cultivation in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


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