scholarly journals Influence of weed infestation on morphological parameters of maize (Zea mays L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fuksa ◽  
J. Hakl ◽  
D. Kocourková ◽  
M. Veselá
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Yield Depression

The influence of various ways of regulation in weed infestation of silage maize stands was studied in 1999&ndash;2001. Four variants of stands were compared: 1. without weed eradication (check), 2. mechanically weeded throughout the whole vegetation period, 3. mechanically weeded from the beginning of vegetation till the phase of 5<sup>th</sup> leaf and later on without protection, 4. chemical weeding. The yield of dry mass and morphological characters (height of plants, stem diameter, number of ears per plant etc.) show the substantial negative effect of weed infestation upon the studied parameters. The yield from the check variant reached 8.09 t/ha, from the 2<sup>nd</sup> variant 13.24 t/ha, from the 3<sup>rd</sup> variant 11.46 t/ha and from the 4<sup>th</sup> variant 12.34 t/ha. The decrease of mass in individual parts of plants were observed but their percentage portions were not affected by the level of weed infestation. A high dependence ( = 0.01) between the mass of the whole plant and the ear mass (r = 0.98) was proved. The total number of leaves was not affected by the level of treatment. The results show that the mechanical cultivation of stands at the beginning of vegetation cannot prevent the yield depression cost by weed infestation and the studied parameters cannot reach the level of fully weeded variants.

scholarly journals Effects of Salinity on Seedling Growth of Four Maize (Zea Mays L.) Cultivars Under Hydroponics

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Snehasish Bose, Oli Ahmed Fakir, Mahbubul Islam, Md Khairul Alam ◽  
A. K. M. Zakir Hossain, Alamgir Hossain, M. H. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Physiology Laboratory

Growth and development of a crop or even cultivars within a species of a crop respond to soil salinity since germination. A hydroponic experiment was conducted at Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, during the period from December 2015 to July 2016 to investigate the effect of NaCl on morphological characters and growth of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The experiment comprised two levels (0 dS m-1 and 8 dS m-1) of salinity for hydroponic experiment, designed in two factorials Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications on four cultivars viz. Kaveri - 244+, BHARAT Hybrid Sultan 702, Getco seeds GP – 901, Essence –Platinum. Results indicated that root and shoot length, number of leaves plant-1, fresh and dry mass production varied with NaCl stress which indicating that some cultivars of maize seedlings are highly susceptible to concentrated NaCl. However, among tested cultivars, Essence –Platinum showed the best performance considering the seedlings growth and other parameters. BHARAT Hybrid Sultan 702, Getco seeds GP – 901 showed the highest sensitivity to NaCl stress in this experiment based on the above parameters studied.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO DO MILHO CULTIVADO SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO EM JUAZEIRO, BA

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
GABRIELA VIEIRA DE SA SANTOS ◽  
GERTRUDES MACÁRIO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
LUCIANO RONIÊ CALADO DE ALMEIDA ◽  
DAISE FEITOZA DA ROCHA ◽  
ALLAN VICTOR ARAÚJO PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Number Of Leaves

CRESCIMENTO DO MILHO CULTIVADO SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO EM JUAZEIRO, BA     GABRIELA VIEIRA DE SÁ SANTOS1; GERTRUDES MACÁRIO DE OLIVEIRA2; luciano roniê calado de almeida3; DAISE FEITOZA DA ROCHA1; allan victor araújo pereira3 e josemar da silva júnior3   1 Bolsista de Iniciação Científica e graduanda do Curso de Engenharia Agronômica, Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Av. Edgar Chastinet, S/N, São Geraldo, 48900-000, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brasil, [email protected], [email protected] 2 Professora Doutora, Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Av. Edgar Chastinet, S/N, São Geraldo, 48900-000, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Graduando do Curso de Engenharia Agronômica, Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Av. Edgar Chastinet, S/N, São Geraldo, 48900-000, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brasil, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]     1 RESUMO   A suplementação da precipitação, através da irrigação nas regiões áridas e semiáridas é relevante, pois atende as necessidades hídricas das culturas evitando déficits hídricos em fases primordiais ao desenvolvimento e produção da cultura. Objetivou-se no presente estudo, avaliar o crescimento do milho cultivado sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação na região de Juazeiro, BA. O ensaio foi conduzido na área experimental do DTCS/UNEB, em Juazeiro, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2018. As cultivares utilizadas foram: BRS Caatingueiro e BRS Assum Preto. Adotou-se delineamento casualizado em blocos, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas por cinco lâminas de irrigação, correspondentes a percentual da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc (60%, 80%, 100%, 120% e 140% da ETc) e as subparcelas, as duas cultivares de milho, três repetições. As variáveis de crescimento do milho analisadas foram: altura de planta, número de folhas e altura de inserção da primeira espiga. A cultivar BRS Caatingueiro apresentou maior porte, comparado a BRS Assum Preto. Lâminas de irrigação superiores a 100% da (ETc) produzem efeito negativo na altura de inserção da primeira espiga das cultivares de milho BRS Caatingueiro a BRS Assum Preto.   Palavras-chave: Zea mays L.; desempenho vegetativo; evapotranspiração.     SANTOS, G. V. de S.; OLIVEIRA, G. M. de; ALMEIDA, L. R. C. de; ROCHA, D. F. da; PEREIRA, A. V. A.; SILVA JÚNIOR, J. GREEN MAIZE GROWTH UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION BLADES IN JUAZEIRO, BA     2 ABSTRACT   The supplementation of precipitation, through irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions, is relevant since it meets the water needs of the crops, avoiding water deficits in primordial phases to the development and production of the crop. This study aimed to evaluate the green maize growth under different irrigation blades in the region of Juazeiro, BA. The test was conducted in the experimental area of DTCS / UNEB, in Juazeiro, from September to December 2018. The cultivars used were BRS Caatingueiro and BRS Assum Preto. A randomized block design was adopted, in the subdivided plot scheme, with plots consisting of five irrigation blades, corresponding to the percentage of crop evapotranspiration - ETc (60%, 80%, 100%, 120% and 140% of ETc) and the subplots, the two maize cultivars, three replicates. The maize growth variables analyzed were plant height, number of leaves and insertion height of the first cob. The cultivar BRS Caatingueiro was larger, compared to BRS Assum Preto. Irrigation blades greater than 100% of (ETc) produce a negative effect on the insertion height of the first cob of BRS Caatingueiro to BRS Assum Preto maize cultivars.   Keywords: Zea mays L.; vegetative performance; evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Production of barueiro seedlings in different substrates

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Naiara Ferreira Alves ◽  
Ana Claudia Costa ◽  
Júlio Miguel Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Soil Humus ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

Barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.) is one of the species native to the Brazilian cerrado that has economic potential. Thus, for the implantation of commercial orchards of this fruit tree, it is important to produce quality seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of barueiro seedlings under different substrates containing organic residues in the municipality  of Nova Xavantina-MT. The experimental design used was randomized blocks (RBD), with 7 treatments (soil (control); soil + bovine manure (2: 1); soil + coffee husk (3: 1); soil + humus (2: 1); soil + coffee husk + humus (3: 1: 1); soil + coffee husk + bovine manure (3: 1: 1); and soil + humus + bovine manure (3: 1: 1)) and 4 replicates, with ten plants per plot, totaling 280 seedlings. Treatments consisted of substrates formulated with different proportions of soil, bovine manure, coffee husk and earthworm humus. Substrate containing only soil (control) provided greater plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of leaflets, shoot and root fresh and dry mass and Dickson Quality Index. In general, residues tested did not favor the growth parameters evaluated, possibly because barueiro is a species native to the Cerrado, not very demanding in soil fertility. Under the conditions of this work, it is recommended the use of soil in the formulation of substrates to produce barueiro seedlings. The addition of organic matter to the soil had negative effect on seedling development.

scholarly journals Defoliation Levels Supported in Soybean Crop With No Harm on Productivity in the Municipality of Parauapebas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Damasceno ◽  
V. F. A. Silva ◽  
J. N. da Silva ◽  
P. A. Silva ◽  
C. C. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Length

The reduction in the leaf area is one of the causes in the fall in soybean (Glycine max) productivity as it depends on the production of photoassimilates generated by the leaves, so any factor that interferes in its leaf area may affect the production. The attack of defoliating insects is among such factors. They cause a marked drop in grain yield due to its direct action, therefore, reducing the leaf area, consequently reducing the photosynthetic rate of the plant. The agronomic characteristics of the cultivars may interfere on the level of tolerance of the plant to this type of stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of defoliation levels on the vegetative and reproductive stages on the development and yield of grains in soybean cultivars. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2&times;11&times;2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Factors consisted of defoliation stage (vegetative and reproductive), treatment levels (T1-control plant and ten treatments of artificial defoliation) and soybean cultivars (BRS 9090 RR and BRS 8890 RR). The following variables were evaluated: grain yield, dry mass of the pod, leaf dry mass, stem and root dry mass, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, length and width of roots. It was observed that the defoliation had a negative effect on the productivity components of the cultivars, with the highest decrease in the reproductive stage, except for the treatment R5, 100% defoliation at the R5 stage, which was also reduced. In relation to the cultivars, the BRS 8890 RR was 27% better in grain yield in relation to BRS 9090 RR.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological Responses of Wheat Cultivars in Competition With Diploid and Tetraploid Ryegrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Renata Baldessarini ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Leandro Vargas ◽  
Caroline Müller ◽  
Daiane Brandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Internal Concentration ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Use Efficiency

Wheat crop growth and development can be affected by weed infestation, especially ryegrass. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the competitive ability of wheat cultivars with the diploid and tetraploid ryegrass biotypes. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. BRS Parrudo and TBIO Sinuelo wheat cultivars and the competitors ryegrass diploid and tetraploid were used. The population of each species was defined and then the replacement series experiments were carried out, containing the following proportions of wheat and ryegrass plants: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75; and 0:100%, equivalent to 32:0; 24:8; 16:16; 8:24; and 0:32 plants per pot. Fifty days after species emergence, physiological traits, such as photosynthetic activity (A), stomatal conductance (gS), transpiration rate (E), internal concentration of mesophyll CO2 (Ci), water use efficiency (WUE), and carboxylation efficiency (CE), were evaluated, along with the morphological traits of leaf area (LA), stem diameter (SD), number of tillers (NT), and shoot dry mass (DM). Competitiveness analysis was performed by means of diagrams applied to substitutive experiments using relative competitiveness indices. The ryegrass, both diploid and tetraploid, had a negative effect on the variables related to A, WUE and also those associated with plant growth. The ryegrass negatively changed the LA, DM, SD, and NT of the cultivars BRS Parrudo and TBIO Sinuelo, which demonstrates competition between the cultivars of wheat and the weed ryegrass with mutual damage to the species involved in the community. Interspecific competition caused greater damage to species development when compared to intraspecific competition. Therefore, ryegrass control, even at low density, is recommended for wheat cultivation.

scholarly journals Growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings under salinity levels and application of biofertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Leno Martins Véras ◽  
Rafaela Da Silva Arruda ◽  
Lunara De Sousa Alves ◽  
José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽  
Toni Halan Da Silva Irineu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
State University ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Propagation Methods

Pitombeira is a native fruit tree from Amazon and is exploited in an extractive way. Currently, there is no commercial cultivation of this crop since there are no technologies for cultivation, propagation methods, fertilization and irrigation. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings (Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hill.) Radlk.) under salinity levels with or without bovine biofertilizer. The experiment was performed in a nursery at the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV, in Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, from September to December 2015. It was adopted a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments and 4 repetitions, in factorial arrangement 5 x 2, corresponding to 5 salinity levels: (0,8; 2; 4; 6 e 8 dS m-1) with or without bovine biofertilization. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, total leaf area, Dickson quality index, dry mass of root, stem, leaf and the whole plant were analyzed. The increase in salinity provides a decrease in growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings. The use of biofertilizers mitigates the harmful effects of salinity on pitombeira seedlings.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Management in Maize Under Rainfed Conditions in the Brazilian Semiarid Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Micaela B. Pereira ◽  
José L. dos S. Gomes ◽  
Vademir R. Cavalcante ◽  
Bruno de S. Oliveira ◽  
Jackson T. Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Zea mays L. presents socioeconomic and cultural importance for the Northeast region of Brazil, its yield is directly related to the productive system, to the edaphoclimatic conditions and to the soil management. The aim of this work was to evaluate the development and the yield of maize under different nitrogen doses in rainfed conditions in the Brazilian semiarid. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four treatments and five replications, totalizing 20 experimental plots, with 24 plants each. The treatments were: T1 (0 kg ha-1 of N); T2 (40 kg ha-1 of N); T3 (60 kg ha-1 of N) and T4 (80 kg ha-1 of N). Were evaluated: plant height, culm diameter and number of leaves at 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after emergence; leaf temperature, stomatal conductance, transpiration, liquid photosynthesis and intercellular carbon concentration at 65 days after emergence; yield, shoot dry mass and nitrogen content in the soil after harvest. The different nitrogen doses significantly influenced the plant height, culm diameter and the number of leaves in the different evaluation periods, also influencing the nitrogen levels in the soil after the harvest. There was no difference among treatments for the yield, the registered average was 5,205 kg ha-1. The development of the crop and the nitrogen absorption may have been influenced by the water deficit during the crop cycle. The maize presented better agronomic performance with the dose of 60 kg ha-1 of nitrogen.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

Inheritance of Some Morphological Characteristics of Parental Lines in Mustard-Rape Hybrid

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Row Width ◽  
The Difference

Distant hybridization is known to play an important role in expanding the gene pool of any crop. It is believed that the combination of different genomes in one nucleus, as a rule, is accompanied by the phenomenon of “genomic shock”, resulting in a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. This provides a wealth of material for the selection of genotypes adapted to different environmental conditions. Interspecific hybrids in different combinations were obtained in the genus Brassica, however, until now, interest in distant hybridization in this genus has not died out, since such important crops as rapeseed and mustard demand an improvement of many important agronomic traits. The aim of this work was to study the degree of manifestation of morphological characters of a leaf, flower, and plant as a whole in the hybrid obtained by crossing of brown mustard of the variety Slavyanka and a collection specimen of spring rape. Seeds were sown in the spring of 2019 in a field with 30 cm row width. During the flowering period a number of morphological characters of a flower, leaf, and the whole plant were analyzed. Each parameter was evaluated with 10 plants. The degree of dominance in first-generation hybrid was calculated by the formula of Beil, Atkins (1965). The dominance coefficients were not determined in the case when the difference between the parental samples was insignificant. Differences between parental samples were determined by Student t-test. The level of heterosis was calculated according to the formula of Rasul et al (2002). In a mustard-rapeseed hybrid, the size of the leaves of the lower row was inherited by the type of rapeseed, which had larger leaves than mustard. The height of the hybrid plant was inherited by the type of mustard (hp = 1.32, Ht = 4.89%), and intermediate inheritance was observed for the length of the internodes (hp = -0.48). The size of the flower petals and sepals was inherited by the type of rapeseed, and significant heterosis was observed for the length of the pistil (Ht = 33.57%). The data obtained are of interest for understanding the interaction of genes of different genomes in the genus Brassica.

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