scholarly journals Defoliation Levels Supported in Soybean Crop With No Harm on Productivity in the Municipality of Parauapebas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Damasceno ◽  
V. F. A. Silva ◽  
J. N. da Silva ◽  
P. A. Silva ◽  
C. C. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Length

The reduction in the leaf area is one of the causes in the fall in soybean (Glycine max) productivity as it depends on the production of photoassimilates generated by the leaves, so any factor that interferes in its leaf area may affect the production. The attack of defoliating insects is among such factors. They cause a marked drop in grain yield due to its direct action, therefore, reducing the leaf area, consequently reducing the photosynthetic rate of the plant. The agronomic characteristics of the cultivars may interfere on the level of tolerance of the plant to this type of stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of defoliation levels on the vegetative and reproductive stages on the development and yield of grains in soybean cultivars. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2×11×2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Factors consisted of defoliation stage (vegetative and reproductive), treatment levels (T1-control plant and ten treatments of artificial defoliation) and soybean cultivars (BRS 9090 RR and BRS 8890 RR). The following variables were evaluated: grain yield, dry mass of the pod, leaf dry mass, stem and root dry mass, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, length and width of roots. It was observed that the defoliation had a negative effect on the productivity components of the cultivars, with the highest decrease in the reproductive stage, except for the treatment R5, 100% defoliation at the R5 stage, which was also reduced. In relation to the cultivars, the BRS 8890 RR was 27% better in grain yield in relation to BRS 9090 RR.

scholarly journals Interference of volunteer corn on soybean cultivars growth and yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-648
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cassiane Caratti ◽  
Fabiane Pinto Lamego ◽  
Mario Antonio Bianchi ◽  
Humberto Farias ◽  
Bruno Moncks Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Corn Plants

Spontaneous corn plants in soybean crop are considered weeds because they compete for the same environmental resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competitive ability of soybean cultivars when in coexistence with spontaneous corn plants. A field experiment was conducted in CCGLTEC, Cruz Alta/RS, in 2014/15, in a split-plot design, with the main plot being composed of four different cultivars (CD 2694, BMX 7166, TEC 5718, TEC 6029) and the subplots of interference conditions (without the presence of corn volunteer plants, in the presence of corn until the V3, V6, V9 stages, or for the entire soybean cycle. Leaf area, shoot dry mass, plant height, chlorophyll index, and development stage were determined at 15, 30, and 49 DAE; we also determined apparent biological productivity, apparent harvest index, and components of productivity and grain yield. The cultivars showed losses in leaf area and shoot dry mass when in coexistence with corn (8 plants m-2) in the three periods evaluated. All cultivars showed losses in apparent biological productivity, apparent harvest index, and final grain yield when growing under competition throughout the cycle. Cultivars with a medium/long growth cycle, such as CD 2694 (maturity groups (GM): 6.9) and BMX 7166 (GM: 6.6), show a higher competitive ability up to V9 stage in contrast to cultivars with a short cycle, such as TEC 5718 (GM: 5.9) and TEC 6029 (GM: 5.7).

scholarly journals Macronutrient fertilizers on basil growth and yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3200
Author(s):  
Janderson Carmo Lima ◽  
Marilza Neves Nascimenro ◽  
Uasley Caldas Oliveira ◽  
Anacleto Ranulfo Santos ◽  
Alinsmario Leite Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Reference Doses ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this work was to determine the macronutrient doses that allow the highest phytomass yield and growth of basil plants. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of ​​the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, in Cruz das Almas, BA, in a greenhouse. The treatments were obtained according to the Baconian matrix statistical arrangement, in which one of the nutrients is supplied in variable amounts, while the others are kept at a referential level. Six nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S)) were evaluated in three different doses, and two additional treatments, one with reference doses and another without nutrient addition, totaling 20 treatments that were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications, totaling 100 experimental units. At 50 days after treatment distribution, the growth parameters were evaluated: Plant height, number of leaves, leaf dry mass, stem, root and leaf area. It was observed that the highest leaf dry mass accumulation was estimated with the dose of 250 mg dm³ of N giving an average of 8.01g per plant, being significantly higher when compared to all other tested elements, this parameter is extremely relevant because the leaves are characterized as the main product of this species. Phosphorus doses allowed significant results in height and leaf area, whereas K favored higher leaf emission. Positive responses were verified for nutrients Ca, Mg and S in all parameters tested at levels above those tested as reference.

scholarly journals PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION FOR RADISH GROWN IN A LATOSOL WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF THESE NUTRIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO ◽  
ALEXSON FILGUEIRAS DUTRA ◽  
GILSON SILVERIO DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT The intensive cultivation of vegetables with frequent chemical fertilization may cause accumulation of nutrients in the soil. This, in turn, may reduce crop yields and damage the environment due to contamination of ground water and rivers. Thus, to increase the effects of P (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha -1 of P2O5) and K (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 of K2O) doses on the growth and productivity of radish cultivars (Sakata 19 and Sakata 25) in a soil with high levels of these nutrients, two experiments were conducted in randomized blocks with the factors cultivars and doses arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial design with three replications. Number of leaves per plant, leaf area, shoot and root dry mass, total and commercial productivity, percentage of cracked roots and P and K contents in the plant and in the soil were evaluated. The Sakata 19 cultivar performed better than the Sakata 25 in both experiments. The fertilization with P or K did not influence the growth and the productivity of both radish cultivars. Therefore, both cultivars of radish evaluated do not need to be fertilized with P and K when planted in a Latosol with high levels of these nutrients.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of two tropical weeds to shade: I. Growth and biomass allocation

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr Bernardino Dias-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schultz (Convolvulaceae) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich) Vahl. (Verbenaceae), two weeds found in pastures and crop areas in Brazilian Amazonia, were grown in controlled environment cabinets under high (800-1000 µmol m-² s-¹) and low (200-350 µmol m-² s-¹) light regimes during a 40-day period. For both species leaf dry mass and leaf area per total plant dry mass, and leaf area per leaf dry mass were higher for low-light plants, whereas root mass per total plant dry mass was higher for high-light plants. High-light S. cayennensis allocated significantly more biomass to reproductive tissue than low-light plants, suggesting a probably lower ability of this species to maintain itself under shaded conditions. Relative growth rate (RGR) in I. asarifolia was initially higher for high-light grown plants and after 20 days started decreasing, becoming similar to low-light plants at the last two harvests (at 30 and 40 days). In S. cayennensis, RGR was also higher for high-light plants; however, this trend was not significant at the first and last harvest dates (10 and 40 days). These results are discussed in relation to their ecological and weed management implications.

scholarly journals FLAME RETARDANTS EFFECTS ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF Schizolobium amazonicum HUBER EX DUCKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elen Silma Oliveira Cruz Ximenes ◽  
Andréa Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Josiane Fernandes Keffer ◽  
Alison Martins dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Flame retardants are efficient in fighting wildfire; however, their environmental implications, especially regarding the vegetation, need to be clarified. This work aimed at assessing the effects of flame retardant on the initial growth of Schizolobium amazonicum. Treatments consisted in applying different flame retardant concentrations via substrate and leaf: Phos-Chek WD-881® (0, 3.00, 6.00, 8.00 and 10.00 mL L-1), Hold Fire® (0, 7.00, 9.00, 12.00 and 15.00 mL L-1) and water-retaining polymer Nutrigel® used as alternative retardant (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g L-1). Growth analyses were carried out to assess the effects of these substances (10 repetitions per treatment). The aliquot of 10.00 mL L-1 of Phos-Chek WD881 applied on the leaves led to an increase of 70% in leaf area and 15% in seedling height. The same Phos-Chek concentration favored height increase (32%) and total dry mass accumulation (33%) throughout time. The concentration of 15 mL L-1 of Hold Fire® applied on leaves, compromised 45% the accumulation of dry biomass in the seedling. Initially, 1.00 g L-1 of Nutrigel® applied via substrate led to an increase of 70% in leaf area, 29% in plant height, and 89% in leaf dry mass. Therefore, Phos-Chek applied on leaves favored shoot growth in S. amazonicum. Hold Fire® applied on leaves impaired biomass accumulation in seedlings. Nutrigel® applied on substrate does not cause long-lasting damage to the initial growth of S. amazonicum. The aliquot of 0.50 g L-1 administered via polymer leave had positive effect on seedling shoot.

scholarly journals EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽  
Renato Innecco ◽  
Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Root Part ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

scholarly journals Response of Three Varieties of Cowpea( Vigna sinensis L.) to Different levels of potassium fertilizer under southern region conditions of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Ali. K. Al-Furtuse ◽  
Kifah A. Aldoghachi ◽  
Waleed A. Jabail
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Plant Length

A field experiment was conducted during  autumn season 2018 at Al Salam district, Maysan governorate. The aim was to evaluate some growth properties and grain yield of  three varieties of cowpea, Vigna sinensis L. (Local, Patton Boa and Atta E) grown under different levels of potassium sulphate  (0, 43, 86 and 129 kg h-1). The  experimental  design was applied according to the random complete block design in a split arrangement (Split Plots in RCBD). In on hand, the results showed a significant differences between the varieties. The local variety significantly gave highest plant length , leaf area, pods number, seeds number pod-1 and grain yield and which were 60.75cm, 2936.81cm2, 39.60 pod. plant-1, 7.69 seed pod-1, 99.93 g and 4.16 t. h-1 respectively. While the varieties Baton Boa gave highest weight of 100 seeds and gave 37.58 g. In other hand, as compare to the control, the addition of potassium up to 129 kg. h-1 lead to significant increase in plant length, leaf area, pods plant-1, seeds number pod-1 and grain yield plant-1 and total grain yield which were 53.33 cm, 3455.91 cm2, 51.61 pod. plant-1, 8.76 seed. pod-1, 125.93 g. and 5.25 T.h-1 respectively. Whereas, the control treatment (K0) gave the highest weight of 100 seeds (45.11 g). The Interaction between varieties and potassium  had a significant effect on almost  growth and yield characteristics.

scholarly journals Effects of inter-cropping lablab (Lablab purpureus) with selected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties on plant morphology, sorghum grain yield, forage yield and quality in Kalu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
Rahel Kahsay ◽  
Yeshambelm Ekuriaw ◽  
Bimrew Asmare
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sorghum Grain

An experiment was conducted to determine effects of inter-cropping lablab (Lablab purpureus) with 3 selected early-maturing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties (Teshale, Girana-1 and Misikir) on plant morphology, sorghum grain and forage yield and quality plus yield and quality of lablab forage, and to assess farmers’ perceptions of the crops in Kalu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia. Seven treatments, namely: T1 - sole lablab (SL); T2 - Teshale + lablab (TL); T3 - Girana-1 + lablab (GL); T4 - Misikir + lablab (ML); T5 - sole Teshale (ST); T6 - sole Girana-1 (SG); and T7 - sole Misikir (SM), were used with 3 replications in a randomized complete block design. The data collected from sorghum varieties were: plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, dry biomass yield and grain yield; and for lablab was: plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, number of branches per plant, number of nodules per plant and dry biomass yield. Grain yield was determined on sorghum at maturity, while lablab was harvested at 50% flowering. Inter-cropped Girana-1 produced yields of both grain and stover and lablab forage similar to those for pure stands of the 2 crops, while inter-cropping of Teshale and Misikir with lablab reduced height, grain and stover yields of sorghum and yields of lablab forage (P<0.05). However, crude protein concentration in sorghum stover was enhanced when grown as an inter-crop with lablab (P<0.05). Land equivalent ratios for inter-crop treatments were 54‒87% higher than those for pure stands. Farmers readily identified the combination Girana-1 + lablab as superior to the other associations. While farmers can improve productivity of their farms by inter-cropping these sorghum varieties, preferably Girana-1, with lablab, more studies should be conducted to determine benefits from sowing other legumes with sorghum. Any improvements in soil N levels from planting the legumes should be quantified.

Barley response to nitrogen rate and timing in a Mediterranean environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ramos ◽  
I. De La Morena ◽  
L. F. Garcia Del Moral
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Area Response

SUMMARYNitrogen is an important factor determining grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Optimal rates and application timing can vary according to the environmental conditions under which the crop is grown. For 8 years (1979–86) barley yield, tillering, and leaf-area response to N application rates and timing were studied in southern Spain. The results showed that, under our experimental conditions, the most advantageous N rate for grain yield was 60 kg/ha, either split equally between sowing and tillering, or else with the greater proportion applied at tillering. Nitrogen applied at sowing increased number of tillers per plant, and N applied at tillering favoured tiller survival for later spike formation. In addition, N applied at tillering increased the number of leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, and the leaf area index, the maximum value of which occurred at anthesis.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF SAPLINGS OF Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) MART. IN DIFFERENT LIGHT CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Paula Lora Zimmermann ◽  
Frederico Dimas Fleig ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
Suelen Carpenedo Aimi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Physiological Plasticity ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT This work was carried out to verify the plasticity of saplings of Cabralea canjerana plants and their capacity to adapt to different light environments by means of morphological and physiological characteristics. For this, 12 plants of a secondary Deciduous Seasonal Forest fragment were selected, six growing under canopy and six in full sun. Trees were classified according to their sociological position as emergent and dominated. The leaves were classified as apical, intermediate and basal according to their position in the canopy. The variables measured were: total number of leaves, width, length, thickness, leaf area and dry mass of leaflets; content of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids. Emergent leaflets of the upper position of the canopy in full sun, which are considered the most exposed to luminosity, presented xeromorphic characteristics such as leaflet size reduction, greater limbus thickness, smaller leaf area and lower content of chlorophyll b. The similarity in the dry mass and pigment content demonstrates that the photosynthetic activity of the C. canjerana plants analyzed is not being affected by the different conditions of the environment, which demonstrates the plasticity of the species and its capacity of development in several light conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document