scholarly journals Comparison of apparent and true digestibility of nutrients determined in dairy cows either by the nylon capsule or in vivo method

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Třináctý ◽  
M. Richter ◽  
P. Homolka ◽  
M. Rabišková ◽  
P. Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Nylon Cloth

In this study the values of true digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and starch determined either by the nylon capsule method or conventional in vivo method were compared. Four intact crossbred dairy cows (mean milk yield 21.9 kg/d) were used in two experimental periods. TMR consisted of maize silage, lucerne hay and concentrate. Nylon capsules (external diameter 10 mm) were made of nylon cloth (pore size 42 µm). Capsules were filled with TMR and at the beginning of the in vivo trial they were administered orally as a paper bolus into the cows. The values of true digestibility (after washing loss correction) of DM and OM, as determined by means of the nylon capsule method were lower than those estimated by the in vivo method. The respective differences were –6.9 and –7.3% (P < 0.05).  Insignificant differences were found in CP, NDF and starch.  

scholarly journals A comparison of parameters of the passage of nylon capsules and digesta calculated from faecal excretion data obtained in lactating cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 450-458
Author(s):  
J. Třináctý ◽  
M. Richter ◽  
J. Pozdíšek ◽  
Kowalski ZM ◽  
E. Fajmonová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Outside Diameter ◽  
Nylon Cloth

The aim of the study was to compare parameters of passage of nylon capsules and digesta represented by Cr-labelled maize silage through the digestive tract of dairy cows. The capsules were made of nylon cloth (42 µm pore size, 10 mm outside diameter) and applied orally. The evaluation was carried out in dairy cows with milk yield of 19.0 kg/day. The diet (17.6 kg DM/day) consisted of maize silage, lucerne hay and concentrate. Total mean retention time (TMRT), delay time (τ), summarised compartmental mean retention time (CMRTS), and mean individual compartmental retention times (CMRT1 and CMRT2) were calculated. TMRT, τ, CMRTS, CMRT1 and CMRT2 values of nylon capsules and Cr-labelled silage were 36.2 and 45.4 h (P < 0.01), 16.2 and 8.3 h (P < 0.01), 20.1 and 37.2 h (P < 0.01), 7.8 and 8.5 h, 12.2 and 28.7 h (P < 0.05), respectively. The calculated mean retention time of nylon capsules in the reticulo-rumen (CMRTS) was shorter and in the intestines (τ) was longer than that of digesta. For this reason the estimation of digestibility using the nylon capsule method can be questionable.  

Persian clover and maize silage. III. Rumen fermentation and balance of nutrients when clover and silage are fed to lactating dairy cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Trifolium Resupinatum

Six rumen fistulated dairy cows, at various stages of lactation, were housed in metabolism stalls on a total of nine occasions in three experiments in which various combinations of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) and maize (Zea mays) silage were offered. These experiments considered some aspects of digestion of Persian clover and Persian clover/maize silage diets in order to understand the good milk yield responses attributed to maize silage measured in previous research. Rumen ammonia concentrations and nylon bag degradation rates suggested that the cows made better use of one or both feeds when Persian clover and maize silage were offered together than they did when Persian clover was offered alone. While Persian clover and maize silage appeared to be a substantially inferior diet in terms of apparent in vivo digestibility coefficients and availability of nutrients when compared with Persian clover offered alone, milk yields were unaffected. In addition, no matter how much maize silage was offered, milk fat content remained constant. These results were attributed to an improved balance of absorbed nutrients.

Effect of feeding hay vs. silages of various types to dairy cows on feed intake, milk composition and coagulation properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
Elisa Manzocchi ◽  
Werner Hengartner ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Katrin Giller
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rennet Coagulation

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypotheses (1) that milk produced from hay-fed cows differs from that of silage-fed cows and (2) that silage type has an important impact, too. Four diets differing in forage type but with equal estimated milk production potential and a forage:concentrate ratio of 0.85 : 0.15 were compared regarding their effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk properties. The forages tested were hay, grass silage, conventional short-chopped and long-chopped maize silage subjected to a novel processing technology (Shredlage®). Twenty-four dairy cows were fed two of the four diets in two consecutive runs in an incomplete (4 × 2) Latin-square design (n = 12 per diet). Each experimental period lasted 22 d, with 12 d of adaptation and 10 d of sampling. During sampling, feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily, milk composition and coagulation properties were determined four times. The composition of the diet ingredients was analysed weekly. Data were analysed with a mixed model considering feed, period and their interaction as fixed effects. Stage of lactation, milk yield and milk composition from the pre-experimental period were used as covariates in the model. Dry matter intake was lower with the long-chopped processed maize silage compared to the other three groups. There were some diet differences in intakes of net energy for lactation and absorbable protein in the duodenum, but this did not result in changes in milk yield. The milk fat content was higher with the grassland-based diets compared to the maize silage diets. No treatment effect on milk acidity and rennet coagulation properties was observed. In conclusion, there were no indications for specific physico-chemical properties of milk from a hay-based diet, and maize processing technology was not of large effect either. Future investigations should focus on sensory differentiation of the milk produced with different forages.

Replacing grazing with a maize silage-based indoor diet for lactating dairy cows in autumn

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 195-195
Author(s):  
O. Hernandez-Mendo ◽  
J. D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

Reducing the time available for grazing from 20h to 5h daily, and replacing this with access to a maize silage/soyabean meal diet indoors had no significant effect on milk yield in spring (Hernandez-Mendo and Leaver, 1999). Grazing conditions in autumn present additional problems of shorter daylength and accumulated herbage contamination. The objectives were to examine the production and behavioural responses of grazing dairy cows to reducing access to grazing and increasing access to a maize silage/soyabean meal diet offered indoors.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize grain by hybrid rye grain in the TMR on performance of mid-lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Rajtar ◽  
Marek Sady ◽  
Paweł Górka ◽  
Sylvia Kehoe ◽  
Piotr Micek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Maize Grain

Abstract Grain from traditional varieties of rye is not commonly used in dairy cattle nutrition. However, new hybrid varieties of rye currently available are characterized by some nutritional and agrotechnical benefits. This paper deals with the hypothesis that rye grain derived from a hybrid variety may be an alternative for maize grain in diets for dairy cattle. Sixteen lactating Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into two groups according to their parity (8 primi- and 8 multiparous), stage of lactation (106 ± 30 days after calving) and milk yield (34 ± 4 kg/day). Cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing grass silage and whole crop maize silage and 29.2% of the concentrate (in dry matter). The latter contained approximately 48% of either maize grain (M) or hybrid rye grain (HR) as a main source of cereal grain. Experimental diets were fed for 9-weeks. The use of HR as a substitute for M did not affect (P>0.05) dry matter intake and milk yield. There were no differences between treatment groups in the content of milk solids, amino acids, and fatty acid profile. However, substituting M by HR positively influenced composition of milk protein fractions by increasing the proportion of α-casein (37.0 vs 39.7%; P<0.01) and к-casein (6.5 vs 7.3%; P=0.02) as well as decreasing the proportion of β-casein (28.8 vs 27.8%; P=0.02) and sensory characteristics of the milk (body and texture and taste; P<0.05). In turn, the composition of the diet did not affect the technological suitability for processing of milk fat (acid and peroxide number, melting and solidification temperature), rennet coagulation time, heat stability or titratable acidity. This study has shown that hybrid rye grain may be an alternative for maize grain in a TMR based on grass and whole maize silage for mid-lactation dairy cows. Further studies are needed with higher proportion of hybrid rye grain in TMR or with other roughages used in a basal diet to fully determine efficiency of hybrid rye grain use in diets for dairy cows.

Efficacy of a lasalocid supplement in the diet of dairy cows in early lactation in a pasture-based dairy system

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Production History ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The lasalocid supplement, Bovatec, was fed to dairy cows at 300 mg of active ingredient for ~3 weeks precalving to up to 16 weeks postcalving in a pasture-based system. Sixty primiparous cows and 120 multiparous cows were allocated to equivalent control and lasalocid groups based on expected calving date, size and previous production history. To facilitate the feeding of the lasalocid, it was mixed with maize silage (~1 kg DM/cow.day) and fed as one feed on a concrete feed pad early in the morning each day before calving and before the afternoon milking during lactation. The control group received the maize silage without lasalocid. Otherwise, the feeding of both groups was exactly the same. The key response associated with adding lasalocid to the diet differed between the primiparous and multiparous cows. Although the average daily milk yield responses to lasalocid were not significant (P > 0.05) at 1.1 and 0.6 kg/cow for the primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively, significant (P < 0.05) increases in the milk yield of the primiparous cows were consistently recorded between weeks 5 and 15 of lactation. With the multiparous cows, there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the circulating concentrations of serum β-hydroxybutyrate in those fed the lasalocid, with this being related to a tendency (P = 0.087) for these animals to maintain higher body condition scores for much of the early lactation treatment period. There were no other treatment differences of biological importance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rumination Time on Milk Performance and Methane Emission of Dairy Cows Fed Partial Mixed Ration Based on Maize Silage

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Robert Mikuła ◽  
Marcin Pszczola ◽  
Katarzyna Rzewuska ◽  
Sebastian Mucha ◽  
Włodzimierz Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Milk Performance

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the rumination time on milk yield and composition as well as methane emission during lactation in high-yielding dairy cows fed a partial mixed ration based on maize silage without pasture access. A total of 365 high-yielding Polish Holstein-Friesian multiparous dairy cows were included in the study covering 24 to 304 days of lactation. Methane emission, rumination time, and milk production traits were observed for the period of 12 months. Next, the data from the cows were assigned to three groups based on daily rumination time: low rumination up to 412 min/day (up to 25th rumination percentile), medium rumination from 412 to 527 min/day (between the 25th and 75th percentile), and high rumination above 527 min/day (from the 75th percentile). Rumination time had no effect on milk yield, energy-corrected milk yield, or fat and protein-corrected milk yield. High rumination time had an effect on lower fat concentration in milk compared with the medium and low rumination groups. The highest daily CH4 production was noted in low rumination cows, which emitted 1.8% more CH4 than medium rumination cows and 4.2% more than high rumination cows. Rumination time affected daily methane production per kg of milk. Cows from the high rumination group produced 2.9% less CH4 per milk unit compared to medium rumination cows and 4.6% in comparison to low rumination cows. Similar observations were noted for daily CH4 production per ECM unit. In conclusion, a longer rumination time is connected with lower methane emission as well as lower methane production per milk unit in high-yielding dairy cows fed a maize silage-based partial mixed ration without pasture access.

scholarly journals Supplementing pasture-fed dairy cows with pasture silage, maize silage, Lotus silage or sulla silage in summer - does it increase production?

2002 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
S.L. Woodward ◽  
A.V. Chaves ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
P.G. Laboyrie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Silage Maize

Forages suitable for supplementing pasture-fed dairy cows over summer-autumn must provide adequate dry matter (DM) and increase milk yield above that produced by cows grazing normal ryegrass/white clover pasture, without compromising milk composition. A trial was conducted in January-February 2001 to compare the benefits obtained from feeding four types of silage. There were two silages that contained condensed tannins (CT) (birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium)), maize silage or traditional ryegrass-dominant pasture silage, all fed at 5 kg DM/cow/d with restricted pasture. Cows on the restricted pasture (control) treatment and those fed the silage treatments were offered an allowance of 25 kg DM pasture/cow/d, while the full pasture cows were offered 50 kg DM pasture/cow/d. Silage supplementation, regardless of silage type, increased both total dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production compared with the restricted pasture treatment. Cows on the Lotus silage supplement, and the full pasture treatment had significantly higher milk yields than the other silage-supplemented cows, all of which had similar milk yields. For the Lotus silage treatment, the high milk yield was probably due to a combination of the higher nutritive value of the silage, and to the action of CT, because the total DMI of the cows on the Lotus silage was the same as that of cows on the pasture silage and maize silage. The high milk yield of the full pasture treatment was mainly a result of the cows having a significantly higher total DMI than cows on all the other treatments. This trial has demonstrated the potential benefit of silage supplementation, particularly with Lotus silage, for increased milksolids yield in summerautumn when low pasture growth rates and quality may otherwise limit production. Keywords: condensed tannins, dairy cows, Lotus, maize, milksolids, ryegrass, silage, sulla, supplementation

Influence of supplementary fish oil and rumen-protected methionine on milk yield and composition in dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES CHILLIARD ◽  
MICHEL DOREAU
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Methionine Supplementation

The effects of a daily supplement of 300 ml fish oil and 20 g rumen-protected methionine, alone or in combination, were investigated in mid-lactation cows receiving a maize silage-based diet ad lib. Fish oil significantly decreased feed intake, increased milk yield, decreased protein and casein concentrations, and especially fat concentration (by 13·1 g/kg) and output. Fat concentration decreased more in primiparous than in multiparous cows. Methionine supplementation increased protein and casein concentrations and outputs. No significant interaction between oil and methionine supplementation was found on milk composition. Treatments did not modify live weight or body condition changes, or lactose and non-casein nitrogenous compounds in milk. Oil plus methionine supplementation made it possible to decrease milk fat content without changing protein content.

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