The effect of the Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchholz cone crystals on germination

The cones of the giant sequoia contain red, water-soluble crystalline substances known as cone crystals. The inhibitory effect of this extracted material on Norway spruce, Scots pine and European larch germination was newly examined. Sown seed representative samples without and with added cone crystals were compared after their incubation in the same appropriate conditions. All these cases have brought compelling evidence that cone crystals totally inhibit germination. However, the chemically inhibited seeds being rinsed afterwards germinated very well. This switch effect caused by the cone crystals of the three above-mentioned conifers proved to be a nonspecific tool. Seeds of the giant sequoia, naturally affected by the cone crystals, were sown as rinsed and non-rinsed samples. Both the samples, grown on a wet peat substrate in appropriate conditions for 16 weeks, exhibited an equal, yet very low viability of 1.3% at the same time. This low number, fixed in seeds of the tree being far from the ecological optimum, does not allow any disputation with other authors.

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The role of antioxidants in the mechanisms of adaptation of Poa Pratensis L. under the influence of wooden plants

Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens ◽

10.36305/0513-1634-2021-139-109-116 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109-116

Author(s):

O. L. Tsandekova ◽

E. Yu. Kolmogorova

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Growing Season ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Mutual Regulation

The article analyzes the results on the content of peroxidase, phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in the leaves of meadow bluegrass during the growing season under plantations of woody plants (scots pine and ash-leaved maple). The peroxidase activity in the leaves of plant samples was determined by the method of A.N. Boyarkin, the content of ascorbic acid - by the titrimetric method using sodium 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, water-soluble phenolic compounds - by the Leventhal-Neubauer method. Mutual regulation of the plant antioxidant defense system was established, expressed in an increase in the level of ascorbic acid, but a decrease in the activity of peroxidase and phenolic compounds. The accumulation of metabolites in the studied plants varied depending on the phases of the growing season and growing conditions. Scots pine had the greatest inhibitory effect on the studied species than ash-leaved maple. The results obtained can be used to assess the state of the ground cover and the structure of the phytocenosis.

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Structural features of water-soluble arabinogalactans from Norway spruce and Scots pine heartwood

Wood Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00226-001-0137-x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 101-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

S. Willför ◽

R. Sjöholm ◽

C. Laine ◽

B. Holmbom

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Structural Features ◽

Water Soluble

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Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Heartwood and Sapwood of Selected Coniferous Species

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11010092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 92 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Magdalena Czajka ◽

Beata Fabisiak ◽

Ewa Fabisiak

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

European Larch ◽

Voc Emission ◽

Percentage Contribution ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Volatile Organic

The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from furnishings from solid wood and all kinds of wood derivative materials depends on many factors, of which the most important is the wood species. The intraspecies and interspecies differences in VOC emission result from the differences in the chemical composition and anatomical structure of heartwood and sapwood of different species. VOC composition analysis was performed separately for heartwood and sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees. The studies were conducted in a glass climatic chamber of 0.025 m3, equipped with a system for the monitoring and control of climatic conditions. Samples of air for analyses were collected after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of exposure. The results provided evidence for interspecies and intraspecies differences in the qualitative and quantitative compositions of VOC. The concentration of total VOC (TVOC) released from heartwood of Scots pine was higher than that released from sapwood. For European larch and Norway spruce, the opposite relations were observed. The VOC emission from Scots pine heartwood was about 17 times higher than the emission from European larch and Norway spruce heartwood. The differences in TVOC emitted from the sapwood of samples from different species were smaller. For each of the species, the highest percentage contribution to TVOC was made by terpenes. The second highest percentage contribution in TVOC was made by compounds containing a carbonyl group, mainly aldehydes, while aromatic compounds made the third highest contribution.

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Radial variation in tracheid lengths in dominant trees of selected coniferous species

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.4.7330-7341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 7330-7341

Author(s):

Ewa Fabisiak ◽

Beata Fabisiak ◽

Andrzej Krauss

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Radial Variation ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Forest Site ◽

Annual Rings ◽

European Larch ◽

Coniferous Species

The radial variation was examined for tracheid lengths of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood from dominant trees coming from an even-aged stand, and growing under identical forest site and climatic conditions. The measurements were completed on macerated material. The variation of tracheid lengths in annual rings from the core to the bark was used for determination of the border between the juvenile and mature wood in the trunk cross-section. The boundary age between the juvenile and mature wood zones established for the examined species was comparable, as it was 25 annual rings for Scots pine and 29 for European larch and for Norway spruce. In the juvenile zone, the tracheid lengths increased 2.2-fold in Norway spruce wood, while in Scots pine and European larch wood it was approximately 1.7-fold. By contrast, in the mature wood zone the tracheid lengths was stabilized at a certain level, showing slight fluctuations. The differences in the tracheids length of early and late wood in the examined annual rings were also determined, and it was established that for the majority of annual rings they are statistically significant (p<0.05).

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Comparison of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) stem shape by means of geometrical methods

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4516-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 337-347

Author(s):

M. Křepela ◽

R. Petráš

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Principal Components ◽

Tree Species ◽

European Larch ◽

Inflection Points ◽

Sample Test ◽

Coniferous Tree Species ◽

The Relationship ◽

Stem Shape

In this article the stem shape is compared in three coniferous tree species: Norway spruce, Scots pine and European larch. Stem is investigated by means of geometrical methods. Simplified Bookstein coordinates (stem shape diameters) and Procrustes coordinates were used for variability investigation. The material, originating from the Czech and Slovak territories, involved in total 3,346 spruce stems, 3,082 pine stems and 1,403 larch stems. The accordance of mean stem vectors was assessed by means of Hotelling’s T<sup>2</sup> two-sample test. For stem shape diameters and Procrustes tangent coordinates, the variability was examined using the method of principal components analysis. The three most important principal components were diagrammatized and described. The relationship between the stem shape and its size was also investigated, and inflection points of morphological stem curve were described for all three tree species.

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Isolation and characterisation of water soluble polysaccharides from Norway spruce and Scots pine

Wood Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00226-003-0200-x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 173-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Stefan Willf�r ◽

Bjarne Holmbom

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Water Soluble

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Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11090943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 943

Author(s):

Katri Nissinen ◽

Virpi Virjamo ◽

Antti Kilpeläinen ◽

Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽

Laura Pikkarainen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Growing Season ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Simulated Climate ◽

Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

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