scholarly journals Changes of botanical composition of grass stands under different types of management

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
J. Šantrůček ◽  
M. Svobodová ◽  
V. Brant
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Botanical Species ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Weight Method ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

A field trial with Bromus catharticus Vahl. cv. Tacit, Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J.S. et K.B. Presl cv. Median, Festuca pratensis Huds. cv. Otava and Dactylis aschersoniana Graebn. cv. Tosca sown in rows 125 mm, was established in the year 1996 in Prague (chernozem, altitude 281 m a.s.l., average precipitation 472 mm per year, average year temperature 9.3°C). The stands were cut one or three times per year. The mass was removed or once or twice mulched. The share of the botanical species (by weight method), number of present species and agrobotanical groups (grasses, legumes, other dicotyledonous) coverage were measured from the third to the sixth year of vegetation. The results were evaluated by the analysis of variance (Tukey α = 0.05) and by time series analysis (forecasting) by the Statgraphics Plus programme, version 4.0. The species number increased rapidly with the three times cut variant during the four years, from 4 to 25 species, under the other management it was in average from 7 to 14 species, in the sixth year. The highest share of the sown species with the lowest reduction during the years was at Arrhenatherum elatius (41–72% in the sixth year). Bromus catharticus was extinct in the fifth year. The species chosen had a higher importance for conserving of the original botanical composition than the way of harvest. There was the significantly lower ground cover with the variant  one cut per year (on average less than 70%). Mulch covered 15–64% of the surface in dependence on the dry mass yield and mulching frequency. The plants coverage was highest on the two or three times harvested variants (75–80%D).

scholarly journals Succession changes of temporary grass stands on set-aside land

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
M. Svobodová ◽  
J. Šantrůček ◽  
J. Urbanec
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Coronilla Varia ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Weight Method ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

The mixtures of <i>Bromus marginatus</i> Nees ex Steud. + Coronilla varia L., Festuca pratensis L. + Lotus corniculatus L., Dactylis aschersoniana Graebn. + Trifolium repens L., Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J.S. et K.B. Presl + Medicago lupulina L. were sown in rows of 125 mm in the year 1997 in Prague (chernozem, altitude 281 m a.s.l., average precipitation is 472 mm per year, average year temperature 9.3°C). The stands were one or three times per year cut with the mass removing or one or two times mulched. Botanical composition (by weight method), number of present species and agrobotanical groups (grasses, legumes, other dicotyledonous) coverage were measured during 6 years of vegetation. The species number was highest on plots cut 3 times (6–17), it increased linearly. The sown species share in the dry mass yield was 75–99% and the share of grasses decreased linearly with time. The significantly highest dry mass yield was reached when mulched two times per year Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud. with Coronilla varia L. (till 14 t/ha ). The stands coverage was 43–80%.

scholarly journals 115 Nitrogen fertilizer effects on above ground sward characteristics and beef heifer performance from native warm-season grass blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Caroline Chappell ◽  
Landon Marks ◽  
Katie Mason ◽  
Mary K Mullenix ◽  
Sandra L Dillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Canopy Light Interception

Abstract A 2-yr study was conducted at Black Belt Research and Extension Center in Marion Junction, AL, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate on forage production characteristics, nutritive value, and animal performance of beef heifers grazing a mixture of native warm-season grasses (NWSG) including big bluestem, little bluestem, and indiangrass. Six, two-hectare plots were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (0 or 67 kg N ha-1 applied in early April; n = 3 replications per treatment). Paddocks were continuously stocked with four weaned Angus × Simmental beef heifers (initial BW 288 ± 7 kg) from late May/early June through mid-to-late August during 2018 (73 grazing d) and 2019 (70 grazing d), respectively. Put-and-take cattle were used to manage forage to a target of 38 cm. Forage mass and canopy heights were collected every two weeks during the trial. Visual ground cover ratings, canopy light interception, and botanical composition were measured at the beginning and end of the trial in each year. Hand-plucked samples were collected every two weeks during the grazing trial to determine forage nutritional value. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4, and differences were declared significant when P ≤ 0.05. Nitrogen fertilized NWSG had greater crude protein (P < 0.0001), sward heights (P = 0.0003), and canopy light interception at the beginning of the season (P = 0.0049) compared to non-fertilized paddocks. However, there were no differences (P ≥ 0.05) among N-fertility treatments for mean forage mass, heifer ADG, or BCS across the 2-yr study. Botanical composition data indicated that indiangrass decreased from 64% to 61% (P = 0.0022) and weed pressure increased from 11% to 15% (P = 0.0064) across the summer grazing season. Canopy light interception decreased by 51% from early June to August in fertilized NWSG and 26% in unfertilized paddocks, respectively. These data illustrate that NWSG systems may provide a viable grazing system in the summer months under reduced N inputs.

Relationships between cover performance and date of fall-seeding where winter rye was broadcast into a standing potato crop

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Linnell M. Edwards ◽  
John M. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Winter Ground ◽  
Post Harvest

Winter rye was broadcast into a potato crop just after topkilling with the object of avoiding post-harvest delays in establishing a winter ground cover. Rye treatments were interseeded (i) at intervals of 1 d for up to 10 d before potato digging, without post-harvest tillage and (ii) just after digging and preparatory seedbed tillage as a comparative standard. Generally, cover performance of rye, measured as plant count, tiller count or dry mass of plants showed significant (P < 0.05) increase with decreasing days to potato digging up to 3 or 4 d before digging. There was no sacrifice of rye cover using this inter-seeding approach compared with traditional post-(potato) harvest seeding in a prepared seedbed. Seeding 3–4 d before potato harvest is recommended on the basis of superior fall plant count, spring tiller count and shoot dry mass, and winter survival indices on either of these days.Key words: Cover crops, winter rye, winter survival, companion cropping

scholarly journals Changes in botanical composition of alfalfa mixtures depending on the species and N fertilization

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Nesic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
S. Vuckovic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
S. Josipovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Forage Plant ◽  
Leguminous Species ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Forage Mixtures

Alfalfa is the most important forage plant in our country. It is mainly grown as pure crop for livestock nutrition, although it gives very good results when grown in mixture with other plant species. By growing in mixtures many advantages are achieved, the most important are: possibility for alfalfa to be used in grazing and reduced need for fertilization of grassland. In two year trial (2003-2004), changes in botanical composition of alfalfa mixtures depending on the present species in the mixture, i.e. their competitive abilities and fertilization with N, were monitored. Investigations showed that by ageing of crops the share of grasses increases and share of legumes and weeds decreases. Fertilization showed positive effect on strengthening of competitive abilities of grass in relation to leguminous species and increased share of weeds in forage mixtures.

Bunch spear grass dominance in burnt pastures in South-Eastern Queensland

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
NH Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Present Distribution

The results are reported of a study of the effect of annual burning, in the absence of grazing, on the botanical composition of a native pasture in south-eastern Queensland. The main effect of burning was to give dominance of Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. ex R. & S. This appeared to be due to three main causes: established plants were resistant to fire; fire favoured the germination of seed; and fire reduced the basal ground cover of other species. The effects on other species and on the proportion of bare ground are reported. The significance of the results in relation to the present distribution of H. contortus-dominant pastures is discussed.

Response of Mediterranean grassland to phosphate and stocking rates: biomass production and botanical composition

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Osman ◽  
P. S. Cocks ◽  
L. Russi ◽  
M. A. Pagnotta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Mass ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Stocking Rates

SUMMARYThree rates of phosphate (0, 25, and 60 kg/ha P2O5) were applied to phosphorus-deficient native grassland at Tel Hadya, in northern Syria, and biomass productivity, botanical composition and number of legume seeds in the soil were monitored for five seasons (1984/85–1988/89). The experiment was grazed at low (0·8 sheep/ha per year) and high (1·7 sheep/ha per year) stocking rates from the second to the fourth seasons of the experiment; in the fifth season, the low and high stocking rates were increased to 1·1 and 2·3 sheep/ha per year, respectively. The experimental site was typical of native grassland within the cereal zone of west Asia, where cropping is not possible because of shallow, stony soils and steep slopes.The results showed that annual applications of phosphorus, even as low as 25 kg P2O5/ha, alleviated the deficiency in soil P and resulted in improved pasture production, even in dry years. Legume production showed the greatest response to P, increasing by 0·3–3 times the production of the control treatments. By the fifth season, legume seed mass had increased threefold and number of seeds sixfold in the P-treated plots, compared with the first season, while in the control plots there was little change. Rain-use efficiency on the P-treated plots was more than double that of the controls by the fourth and fifth seasons.Practical application of the results depends on whether (i) legumes are as frequent in native grasslands, as a whole, as they are at Tel Hadya, (ii) the P deficiency observed at Tel Hadya is widespread, and (iii) grazing of communally owned grasslands can be controlled. It is suggested that all three criteria will often be fulfilled and, therefore, that grassland productivity in west Asia could be substantially increased. Furthermore, the results suggest that above-ground cover and soil organic matter will also increase after P application, both of which will help to reduce soil erosion and thereby increase the sustainability of livestock production in west Asia.

scholarly journals GROUND COVERS FOR SEMI-ARID LANDSCAPES.

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 272E-272
Author(s):  
C. B. McKenney ◽  
F. Gaitán-Gaitán
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Sedum Acre ◽  
Ground Coverage ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius ◽  
Consistent Performance

The High Plains of Texas is a short-grass prairie with an extremely stressful environment which limits adapted ornamentals. Plant materials capable of consistent performance have yet to be established for this region. Twelve perennial ground covers were evaluated for urban landscape use. Species were planted in a completely radomized design split in time with four replicates. Ground coverage and distance of spread were evaluated monthly for two growing seasons in 1989 and 1990. Visual ratings of quality as ground cover were also determined using color, growth and density as indices. Sedum brevifolium, Sedum acre, Lysimachia nummularia, Sedum sieboldi, and Arrhenatherum elatius `Variegatum' were the most promising species for all criteria. Sedum acre and Arrhenatherum elatius `Variegatum' did not perform well at temperatures above 40°C. Sedum stolonifera failed to survive in this demanding environment.

scholarly journals Effects of drainage on the botanical richness of peat grassland.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
A.J. van Strien ◽  
T.C.P. Melman
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Drought Indicators ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

Data on botanical composition from 3 studies involving drainage of peat grasslands in 1940-75 were reanalysed by means of analysis of variance using total number of plant species, number of quality-indicating species and a system in which species were weighted according to rarity and rate of decline. Alopecurus geniculatus, Glyceria fluitans and Phalaris arundinacea were used as moisture indicators, and Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis as drought indicators. On extensively exploited grasslands drainage alone had considerable adverse effects on species richness whereas on intensively managed grasslands the N supply had the dominant effect. Results indicated that there was little or no advantage to nature conservation in omitting drainage where grassland was intensively managed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Impact of ground cover vegetation types on the diversity and similarity of spider assemblage at two adjacent sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 060-065
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kanedi ◽  
Nismah Nukmal ◽  
Gina Dania Pratami ◽  
Hajariyah
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Index Formula ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Cover Vegetation

Spider (Arachnida) is one of the classes of arthropods known to give strong responses to differences in land cover vegetation. This study intended to investigate whether the difference of vegetation types that are located adjacently occupied by the same genera of spiders. Two adjacent areas in Liwa Botanical Garden that covered by two different types vegetation were assigned as the sampling sites. The spiders sampling was carried out over a 100 meter long transect line (5 lines each) by applying active searching and pitfall trapping techniques. There were 21 genera from 9 spider families that were collected from two sampling sites. In the land vegetated with wood, there were 12 genera with 129 specimens. In the herbaceous land, there were 13 spider genera with 120 specimens. The Simpson's index of diversity were 0.7739 and 0.8868, meanwhile the Shannon's index were 1.8575and 2.2831, respectively obtained at herbaceous and woody land. The difference of diversity between two compared sites by Hutcheson t-test was highly significant (α < 0.01). This presumption is also supported by the coefficient of dissimilarity calculated using Sorensen’s index formula (Ss = 75.7575). Thus it can be concluded that the different types of land cover vegetation have a significant impact on the diversity of the dwelling spiders even though the two fields are located adjacent to each other.

scholarly journals INTERFERENCE AND ECONOMIC THRESHOLD LEVEL FOR CONTROL OF BEGGARTICK ON BEAN CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GALON ◽  
C.T. FORTE ◽  
R.L. GABIATTI ◽  
L.L. RADUNZ ◽  
I. ASPIAZÚ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Control Cost

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to assess the interference and determine the economic threshold level of beggartick damage on bean crops. Treatments consisted of bean cultivars (IPR Uirapuru, BRS Supremo, BRS Campeiro, Fepagro 26, BRS Esplendor and IPR Tuiuiú) submitted to competition with ten beggartick populations. We evaluated plant population, leaf area, ground cover and shoot dry mass of beggartick. Dry mass of shoots of beggartick fitted better to the hyperbolic model, and grain yield losses due to beggartick interference were estimated satisfactorily by this model. BRS Esplendor and IPR Tuiuiú were more competitive than the others in the presence of beggartick. Sowing of BRS Esplendor, IPR Tuiuiú and Fepagro 26 increases the level of economic damage, justifying the adoption of control measures only for higher densities of beggartick. Increase in grain yield, commercial price of beans, herbicide efficiency and reduction in control cost decrease the threshold level for weed control, justifying application of control measures for lower densities of beggartick.

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