scholarly journals Soil properties as a component of predisposition factors of Norway spruce forest decline in the Hanušovická highland mountain zone

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 527-538
Author(s):  
D. Vavříček ◽  
P. Samec ◽  
P. Šimková
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Altitudinal Zone ◽  
Norway Spruce Forest

Mature Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands affected by decline symptoms were selected in the northern part of the Hanu&scaron;ovick&aacute; highland (Czech Republic) at Jeř&aacute;b Mt. foot and summit (1,003 m a.s.l.). Spruce stand (SS) 1 (700 m a.s.l.) was situated in conditions of the fir-beech forest altitudinal zone (FAZ). SS 2 (880&ndash;900 m a.s l.) was situated in conditions of the spruce-beech FAZ. Research plots (RPs) of the area 400 m<sup>2</sup> were selected in the stands according to the different level of damage and stand diversity. On the basis of the complex soil analysis it was proved that the soil environment could be a part of stress factors, influencing the predisposition of non-natural Norway spruce monocultures at mountain locations of the Krkono&scaron;e Mts.-Jesen&iacute;ky Mts. elevation. High Al<sup>3+</sup> concentrations in soil mineral horizons were determined in a direct correlation with decline of stand enclaves on the selected RPs. The&nbsp; concentrations of Al<sup>3+</sup> and limiting content Mg<sup>2+</sup> make root systems exist mainly in H-horizons or Ae/Ep-horizons. This causes stand predisposition to climatic drought and drought episodes.

scholarly journals Forest decline and pedobiological characteristics of humus forms in the Šumava National Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
M. Svoboda ◽  
V. V Podrázský
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Humus Forms ◽  
Norway Spruce Forest

Humus forms dynamics and characteristics of different forest sites were studied in the area of Smrčina Mt. in the Šumava National Park territory. The study was performed in vital Norway spruce forest, dead Norway spruce forest (bark beetle Ips typographus infestation) and on a clear-cut area (site conditions were comparable for all three plots). The amount of surface organic matter was not affected by forest decline or by clear-cut (95.5 t/ha, 73.1 t/ha and 100.2 t/ha, respectively), pH being comparable (between 2.3 and 3.2 pH KCl). A slight favourable effect of grass litter on pH increase was obvious; higher leaching of bases occurred in lower horizons. Nitrogen losses were detected from the L + F horizons, falling from 1.93–1.83% (living stand) to 1.73–1.83% (clear-cut area). Higher ammonia production was documented in substrates (F and H horizons) from the living stand (from 263 and 103 mg/kg before incubation to 610 and 248 mg/kg after incubation – nitrogen content in ammonia form), and higher nitrification rates (nitrogen content in nitrate form) were recorded on the clear-cut area (103 and 80 mg/kg to 153 and 87 mg/kg) and especially in the dead stand (160 and 93 mg/kg to 216 and 139 mg/kg). Respective values for the living stand increased from 52 and 61 mg/kg to 119 and 84 mg/kg. Respiration activity, both potential and basic, was more balanced, indicating more intensive dynamics in the case of dead stand and clear-cut area.

scholarly journals Telomere Length in Norway Spruce during Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Tuija Aronen ◽  
Susanna Virta ◽  
Saila Varis
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
Plant Telomeres

Telomeres i.e., termini of the eukaryotic chromosomes protect chromosomes during DNA replication. Shortening of telomeres, either due to stress or ageing is related to replicative cellular senescence. There is little information on the effect of biotechnological methods, such as tissue culture via somatic embryogenesis (SE) or cryopreservation on plant telomeres, even if these techniques are widely applied. The aim of the present study was to examine telomeres of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) during SE initiation, proliferation, embryo maturation, and cryopreservation to reveal potential ageing or stress-related effects that could explain variation observed at SE process. Altogether, 33 genotypes from 25 families were studied. SE initiation containing several stress factors cause telomere shortening in Norway spruce. Following initiation, the telomere length of the embryogenic tissues (ETs) and embryos produced remains unchanged up to one year of culture, with remarkable genotypic variation. Being prolonged in vitro culture can, however, shorten the telomeres and should be avoided. This is achieved by successful cryopreservation treatment preserving telomere length. Somatic embryo production capacity of the ETs was observed to vary a lot not only among the genotypes, but also from one timepoint to another. No connection between embryo production and telomere length was found, so this variation remains unexplained.

scholarly journals Tree Vitality and Forest Health: Can Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes Be Used as Indicators?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Giovanna Battipaglia ◽  
John L. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tree Vitality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physiological Processes

Abstract Purpose of Review Society is concerned about the long-term condition of the forests. Although a clear definition of forest health is still missing, to evaluate forest health, monitoring efforts in the past 40 years have concentrated on the assessment of tree vitality, trying to estimate tree photosynthesis rates and productivity. Used in monitoring forest decline in Central Europe since the 1980s, crown foliage transparency has been commonly believed to be the best indicator of tree condition in relation to air pollution, although annual variations appear more closely related to water stress. Although crown transparency is not a good indicator of tree photosynthesis rates, defoliation is still one of the most used indicators of tree vitality. Tree rings have been often used as indicators of past productivity. However, long-term tree growth trends are difficult to interpret because of sampling bias, and ring width patterns do not provide any information about tree physiological processes. Recent Findings In the past two decades, tree-ring stable isotopes have been used not only to reconstruct the impact of past climatic events, such as drought, but also in the study of forest decline induced by air pollution episodes, and other natural disturbances and environmental stress, such as pest outbreaks and wildfires. They have proven to be useful tools for understanding physiological processes and tree response to such stress factors. Summary Tree-ring stable isotopes integrate crown transpiration rates and photosynthesis rates and may enhance our understanding of tree vitality. They are promising indicators of tree vitality. We call for the use of tree-ring stable isotopes in future monitoring programmes.

The contribution of hydroxylamine content to spatial variability of N2O formation in soil of a Norway spruce forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shurong Liu ◽  
Michael Herbst ◽  
Roland Bol ◽  
Nina Gottselig ◽  
Thomas Pütz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
N2o Formation ◽  
Norway Spruce Forest

scholarly journals Former agriculture impacts on properties of Norway spruce forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kacalek ◽  
D. Dusek ◽  
J. Novak ◽  
M. Slodicak ◽  
J. Bartos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Norway Spruce Forest

scholarly journals Impacts of non-native Norway spruce plantation on abundance and species richness of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Web Ecology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Elek ◽  
T. Magura ◽  
T. Tóthmérész
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Active Nature

Abstract. The impacts of non-native Norway spruce plantation on the abundance and species richness of carabids were studied in the Bükk National Park in Hungary, central Europe. Pitfall catches from recently established (5 yr old), young (15 yr after planting), middle-aged (30 yr after planting), old Norway spruce Picea abies plantation (50 yr after planting), and a native submontane beech forest (Fagetum sylvaticae) as a control stand were compared. Our results showed that deciduous forest species decreased significantly in abundance in the plantations, and appeared in high abundance only in the native beech forest. Furthermore, open habitat species increased remarkably in abundance in the recently established plantation. Carabids were significantly more abundant and species rich in the native forest than in the plantations, while differences were not significant among the plantations. Multiple regression between the abundance and species richness of carabids and twelve environmental measurements showed that pH of the soil, herb cover and density of the carabids’ prey had a significant effect in determining abundance and species richness. Our results showed that plantation of non-native Norway spruce species had a detrimental effect on the composition of carabid communities and no regeneration could be observed during the growth of plantations even 50 yr after the establishment. This emphasises the importance of an active nature management practice to facilitate the recolonization of the native species.

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