scholarly journals Telomere Length in Norway Spruce during Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Tuija Aronen ◽  
Susanna Virta ◽  
Saila Varis
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
Plant Telomeres

Telomeres i.e., termini of the eukaryotic chromosomes protect chromosomes during DNA replication. Shortening of telomeres, either due to stress or ageing is related to replicative cellular senescence. There is little information on the effect of biotechnological methods, such as tissue culture via somatic embryogenesis (SE) or cryopreservation on plant telomeres, even if these techniques are widely applied. The aim of the present study was to examine telomeres of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) during SE initiation, proliferation, embryo maturation, and cryopreservation to reveal potential ageing or stress-related effects that could explain variation observed at SE process. Altogether, 33 genotypes from 25 families were studied. SE initiation containing several stress factors cause telomere shortening in Norway spruce. Following initiation, the telomere length of the embryogenic tissues (ETs) and embryos produced remains unchanged up to one year of culture, with remarkable genotypic variation. Being prolonged in vitro culture can, however, shorten the telomeres and should be avoided. This is achieved by successful cryopreservation treatment preserving telomere length. Somatic embryo production capacity of the ETs was observed to vary a lot not only among the genotypes, but also from one timepoint to another. No connection between embryo production and telomere length was found, so this variation remains unexplained.

300 CASE REPORT: MORE THAN ONE CALF PER WEEK PRODUCED BY NELORE DONOR

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
G. L. Santos ◽  
L. T. S. Yamazaki ◽  
E. C. D. Benzi ◽  
D. P. Corneglian ◽  
M. Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
One Year ◽  
Donor Cows

According to the animal reproduction biotechnologies, in vitro fertilization is considered one of the most important tools to improve genetic gain as well as reduce bovine herd generations. Brazil is recognized as having the greatest commercial bovine herd in the world as well as by its use of IVP; however, this biotechnology needs more studies to improve not only the oocyte-embryo conversion rate but also the competent oocyte recovery from donor cows. Recently, one Nelore donor cow in 3 sessions was able to convert 233 (53.81%) embryos from 433 oocytes recovered, which resulted in 156 pregnancies (55.95%), which means one pregnancy per 2.7 oocytes or 3.05 pregnancies per week (when 51 weeks are admitted in one year). The COC obtained from this donor were matured (TCM-199, supplemented with FCS, LH, FSH, E2, pyruvate, and antibiotic) for 24 h and fertilized (Fert-TALP supplemented with BSA, PHE, and heparin) for 18 to 22 h (Day 0) in vitro. On Day 1, presumptive zygotes were transferred to development media (SOFaa supplemented with BSA and FCS) and on Day 7 the blastocyst production rate was evaluated. Following embryo transfer, the pregnancy diagnosis was performed at 30 days and confirmed at 60 days after ET. The possibility of identification of factors related to high performance and its selection could improve the formation of a homogeneous bovine herd, highly correlated with embryo production, which numerically could promote more than fifty calves per year (more than one calf per week). This case report refers to an animal highly superior to the average and therefore needs more investigation, mainly with molecular markers able to identify and select this class of high genetic animal. Table 1.Embryo production performance

scholarly journals Somaclonal Variation During Picea abies and P. omorika Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Hazubska-Przybył ◽  
Monika Dering
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Embryogenic Lines

AbstractEmbryogenic cultures of plants are exposed to various stress factors bothin vitroand during cryostorage. In order to safely include the plant material obtained by somatic embryogenesis in combination with cryopreservation for breeding programs, it is necessary to monitor its genetic stability. The aim of the present study was the assessment of somaclonal variation in plant material obtained from embryogenic cultures ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. andP. omorika(Pančić) Purk. maintainedin vitroor stored in liquid nitrogen by the pregrowth-dehydration method. The analysis of genetic conformity with using microsatellite markers was performed on cotyledonary somatic embryos (CSE), germinating somatic embryos (GSE) and somatic seedlings (SS), obtained from tissues maintainedin vitroor from recovered embryogenic tissues (ETc) and CSE obtained after cryopreservation. The analysis revealed changes in the DNA of somatic embryogenesis-derived plant material of bothPiceaspp. They were found in plant material from 8 out of 10 tested embryogenic lines ofP. abiesand in 10 out of 19 embryogenic lines ofP. omorikaafterin vitroculture. Changes were also detected in plant material obtained after cryopreservation. Somaclonal variation was observed in ETc and CSE ofP. omorikaand at ETv stage ofP. abies. However, most of the changes were induced at the stage of somatic embryogenesis initiation. These results confirm the need for monitoring the genetic stability of plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis and after cryopreservation for both spruce species.

Histology of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in excised root cultures of an endangered species Tylophora indica (Asclepiadaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aastha Sahai ◽  
Anwar Shahzad ◽  
Shiwali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Tylophora Indica ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
One Year

This paper reports an efficient regeneration protocol through parallel organogenic and embryogenic pathways from green root segments (GRSs) of Tylophora indica (Burm.f) Merrill. GRSs explants from one year old in vitro cultures were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various cytokinins. Five µmol/L of 6-benzyladenine (BA) was most responsive for organogenesis in 1.5 cm long GRSs. Repeated subculture on medium containing both BA (5 µmol/L) and 1-naphthleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.1 µmol/L) promoted multiplication and proliferation of direct shoot buds (46.80 ± 0.96) and callus mediated somatic embryogenesis (18.07 ± 0.33). Germinated embryos isolated from callus were transferred onto maturation medium consisting of half-strength MS medium either devoid of plant growth regulators (PGRs) or with various concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA). Microshoots were excised during subculture and transferred onto root induction medium, thus ensuring a continuous supply of germplasm. Morphogenic variations were noticed in types of roots induced on various auxins. Regenerated plantlets and emblings hardened best on vermiculite with a survival rate of 90% and 70% respectively. However, the emblings were healthier in comparison to the regenerated plants. Histological analysis showed the origin and development of organogenesis.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CITRUS DERIVED FROM SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS PLANTLET AND SCION STOCK

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nirmala Friyanti Devy ◽  
Yenni Yenni ◽  
Hardiyanto Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
One Year

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) of callus culture in vitro is one of citrus propagation ways for producing free virus and genetically true-to-type plantlets. To induce growing of plantlets derived from this technology, they should be grafted ex vitro onto a citrus rootstock. The research aimed to evaluate the growth performance of citrus plants cv. Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis L.) that used both plantlets and scions as their stocks. The research was conducted at Tlekung Research Station, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute from June 2011 to December 2012. The treatments were done at nursery house by grafting a plantlet and budding a scion onto an eight-month-old Japanese Citroon (JC) rootstock plant. The grafted and budded plants of one-year old were maintained at nursery house then transplanted into the field. In the field, the research was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications and used 15 plants as unit samples. The results showed that the vegetative growth of Siam Kintamani seedling derived from SE or grafted plant was faster than that of budded plant started from 10 to 12 months after treatment in the nersery house. In the field, the growth of SE grafted plant was only significantly different up to 6 months after transplanting. Plantlets produced from SE in vitro propagation can be used as a good alternative stock material for producing healthy citrus plants. Therefore, a further research is required especially on varieties used, reproductive growth and massive planlets production.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CITRUS DERIVED FROM SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS PLANTLET AND SCION STOCK

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nirmala Friyanti Devy ◽  
Yenni Yenni ◽  
Hardiyanto Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
One Year

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) of callus culture in vitro is one of citrus propagation ways for producing free virus and genetically true-to-type plantlets. To induce growing of plantlets derived from this technology, they should be grafted ex vitro onto a citrus rootstock. The research aimed to evaluate the growth performance of citrus plants cv. Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis L.) that used both plantlets and scions as their stocks. The research was conducted at Tlekung Research Station, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute from June 2011 to December 2012. The treatments were done at nursery house by grafting a plantlet and budding a scion onto an eight-month-old Japanese Citroon (JC) rootstock plant. The grafted and budded plants of one-year old were maintained at nursery house then transplanted into the field. In the field, the research was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications and used 15 plants as unit samples. The results showed that the vegetative growth of Siam Kintamani seedling derived from SE or grafted plant was faster than that of budded plant started from 10 to 12 months after treatment in the nersery house. In the field, the growth of SE grafted plant was only significantly different up to 6 months after transplanting. Plantlets produced from SE in vitro propagation can be used as a good alternative stock material for producing healthy citrus plants. Therefore, a further research is required especially on varieties used, reproductive growth and massive planlets production.

scholarly journals Root Rot Resistance Locus PaLAR3 Is Delivered by Somatic Embryogenesis (SE) Pipeline in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaanika Edesi ◽  
Mikko Tikkinen ◽  
Malin Elfstrand ◽  
Åke Olson ◽  
Saila Varis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Somatic Embryo Production ◽  
Resistance Traits

Research Highlights: The Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis (SE) pipeline is suitable for multiplication of material with root rot resistance traits. Background and Objectives: Heterobasidion root rot is the economically most severe forest pathogen in Europe, reducing the benefit of planting elite forest material. In this study, the SE-propagation ability of elite Norway spruce material carrying root rot resistance traits was studied. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the presence of the root rot resistance locus PaLAR3B among 80 Finnish progeny-tested Norway spruce plus-trees used for SE-plant production as well as in 241 SE lines (genotypes) derived from them. Seven full-sib families with lines having either AA, AB, or BB genotype for PaLAR3 locus were further studied for their SE-plant propagation ability. Results: The results indicate that 47.5% of the studied elite trees carry the PaLAR3B allele (45% are heterozygous and 2.5% homozygous). The resistance allele was present among the SE lines as expected based on Mendelian segregation and did not interfere with somatic embryo production capacity. All embryos from PaLAR3 genotypes germinated well and emblings were viable in the end of first growing season. However, in three families, PaLAR3B homo- or heterozygotes had 23.2% to 32.1% lower viability compared to their respective hetero- or PaLAR3A homozygotes. Conclusions: There is no trade-off between root rot resistance locus PaLAR3B and somatic embryo production ability, but the allele may interfere with Norway spruce embling establishment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penyambungan Plantlet Jeruk Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis Lour.) yang Diregenerasi Melalui Embriogenesis Somatik Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Nirmala Friyanti Devy ◽  
NFN Yenni ◽  
NFN Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
One Year ◽  
Subtropical Fruit ◽  
Experimental Garden ◽  
All Treatment

<p><em>Plantlet</em> jeruk hasil perbanyakan embriogenesis somatik (ES) in vitro telah banyak dihasilkan. Meskipun demikian, pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif di lapang belum dievaluasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman jeruk hasil sambung dengan plantlet asal ES dibandingkan mata tempel asal BPMT. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Tlekung, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, mulai September 2013 sampai dengan Desember 2016. Materi penelitian adalah tanaman jeruk dengan batang atas asal (a) plantlet hasil regenerasi melalui ES tanpa bagian akarnya dan (b) mata tempel yang berasal dari Blok Penggandaan Mata Tempel (BPMT), yang masing-masing disambungkan dan ditempelkan dengan batang bawah Japansche Citroen (JC) berumur 8 bulan setelah <em>transplanting</em>. Tanaman hasil sambung berumur 1 tahun dipindah dan ditanam di lapang dengan jarak tanam rapat 1,5 m x 1,5 m. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan mulai umur 18 – 42 bulan setelah transplanting (BST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jeruk dengan batang atas hasil ES dapat tumbuh, berkembang, dan berproduksi sama dengan tanaman dengan batang atas asal BPMT. Tinggi tanaman, diameter batang atas, dan diameter batang bawah pada tanaman ES tidak berbeda nyata dengan tanaman BPMT. Tanaman pada dua perlakuan mulai berbunga pada umur 18 BST, dengan jumlah bunga, buah, dan persentase fruitset yang tidak berbeda nyata antarkedua perlakuan, demikian juga pada pembungaan pada tahun berikutnya. Jumlah buah pada tahun ke-2 berbuah (September 2014) dan akhir pengamatan (September 2016) menunjukkan terjadi kenaikan sebesar 215,7% dan 176,1% pada masing-masing perlakuan ES dan BPMT, sedangkan pada tahun ke-4 pembuahan (2016), perlakuan tanaman jeruk hasil ES mempunyai jumlah buah/tanaman dan berat buah total/tanaman lebih banyak secara nyata dibandingkan asal BPMT. Sifat fisik dan kualitas buah (vit C, total keasaman, dan TPT) yang dihasilkan relatif sama. Tanaman jeruk siam Kintamani yang berasal dari <em>plantlet</em> hasil perbanyakan ES in vitro dan disambungkan dengan batang bawah JC dapat tumbuh, berkembang, dan berproduksi dengan normal di lapang.</p><p>The plantlets derived from citrus somatic embryogenesis (SE) in vitro have been widely produced. However, their vegetative and generative growth in the field has not been evaluated. The aimed of this research was to evaluate the ability of vegetative and generative growth both of SE and Budwood Multiplication Block (BMB) derived citrus plants. The research was conducted in Tlekung Experimental Garden, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, from September 2013 to December 2016. The citrus plants derived from (a) root-decapitated plantlets and (b) buds come from BMB that were grafted and budded, respectively on 8 months old JC rootstock. One-year old grafted and budded plants were planted at field using a dense spacing (1.5 m x 1.5 m). The plant growth observation was done at 18–42 months after field transplanting (MAT). The results showed that the SE derived citrus plants could grow, develop, and produce as well as the BMB one. The SE and BMB plant height, scion, and rootstock diameter were not significantly different. All treatment plants were flowering on 18 MAT, the number of flower, fruit, and fruit set percentages were not significantly as well as in the following year. The fruit total in the 2nd year (September 2014) and the end of the observation (September 2016) showed an increase of 215.7% and 176.1% on the both of SE and BMB derived plant, respectively. In the 4th year (2016), the number fruits/plant and total fruit weight/plant were better on SE derived plant than BMB one, however the fruit physical and quality properties produced (vitamin C, total acidity, and TSS) were relatively similar. The Kintamani tangerine citrus plants derived from plantlet that grafted on to JC rootstock could grow develop and produce well in the field.</p>

scholarly journals Somatic Embryo Yield and Quality From Norway Spruce Embryogenic Tissue Proliferated in Suspension Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakari Välimäki ◽  
Teresa Hazubska-Przybył ◽  
Ewelina Ratajczak ◽  
Mikko Tikkinen ◽  
Saila Varis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Embryo Yield

Somatic embryogenesis is being piloted for the commercial production of genetically improved Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) forest regeneration material in Finland. The main challenge to making the process commercially relevant is the dependence on time-consuming and highly skilled manual labor. Automation and scaling up are needed to improve cost-effectiveness. Moving from the proliferation of embryogenic tissue on semisolid media to suspension cultures could improve process scalability. In a series of four experiments (overall, with 20 cell lines, 4–9 per experiment), the suitability of proliferation in suspension culture for Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis was evaluated based on the growth rate, indicators of stress conditions, good-quality cotyledonary embryo yield, and embling survival in a greenhouse. The proliferation rate in suspension was found equal to on semisolid media, but with a remarkable genotypic variation. Embryogenic tissue matured directly without pre-treatments from suspension onto semisolid media produced lower numbers of good-quality embryos than tissue matured from semisolid media. Rinsing the suspension-grown tissue with hormone-free liquid media before maturation improved embryo yield, bringing it closer to that of semisolid-grown tissue. Decreasing 6-benzylaminopurine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentrations in suspension proliferation media to 0.5 or 0.1 times those in semisolid media did not affect tissue growth and did not improve embryo production. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and guaiacol peroxidase activity were elevated in suspension cultures compared with semisolid medium, which had the same plant growth regulator content. In one experiment out of four, the greenhouse survival of germinants was lower when proliferation was carried out in full strength suspension than on semisolid media; in other experiments the survival rates were equal.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

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