scholarly journals Forestry, mountain catchments and floods in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 538-541
Author(s):  
M. Bíba ◽  
J. Jiřík ◽  
K. Vančura
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Mountain Catchment ◽  
Catchment Areas

A short introduction of historical overview and current situation refer to forestry problems of the country. Local climate is characterized and impacts of natural phenomena are described, as well as the impacts of human beings. The influence of forest management is mentioned and discussed in relation to latest catastrophic floods. The territory of the Czech Republic is damaged especially by a high intensity of atmospheric precipitation abnormal values which lead to a local or regional damage. In the catchment areas of torrents, damage leads to faster soil erosion, development of ravines, landslides, moving of soil sediments and their deposition, devastation of watercourse beds and properties, flooding while the flooding rates of flow represent a danger for the life of inhabitants. Important elements and results of respective research are described in brief. E.g. research of precipitation and its relation to the runoffs in the small mountain catchment areas with the forest stands restoration, as well as the forestry-hydrologic monitoring of forest environment, which has been taking place since 1928, and tradition of the service for torrent control. Forestry-hydrologic research gradually documents that a favorable flood-control performance of forest is limited. However, this is not a reason for not taking care of flood-control measures in the mountain afforested areas. These measures and importance of forest for the protection of land are historically verified and justified. In closing the mankind behavior to the landscape is underlined as a question mark.

scholarly journals Geoecological aspects of flood damages mitigation

Geografie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jaromír Kolejka
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Flood Damages ◽  
Technical Measures

The flood damages caused recently in the Czech Republic require additional measures both on rivers and in catchment areas. Cities and towns are especially interested in the protection because of their high vulnerability. Ecological (land use) and technical (reservoirs) measures are being planned in catchments to keep water in the landscape safe. The flood plain segmentation into sectors with different protective values and move of technical measures from rivers close to valuable objects and areas represent the vision of flood control downstream the rivers.

scholarly journals An assessment of the applicability of dung count to estimate the wild boar population density in a forest environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Plhal ◽  
J. Kamler ◽  
M. Homolka ◽  
J. Drimaj
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Faecal Pellet ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Abundance Estimate ◽  
Pellet Group Count

Wild boar is a native species in the fauna of the Czech Republic. It is becoming a problematic game species both in the Czech Republic and in other European countries due to its harmful impacts. So far no suitable method of its sustainable management has been devised. Yet, a correct abundance estimate is essential for proper management, field crop damage prevention and proper hunting planning. This paper employed faecal pellet group count to estimate the wild boar density in a forest environment. The research was conducted in a study area covering 12.83 km<sup>2</sup>, which is surrounded by farmland. The count was done under ideal conditions in early spring, after snow had melted. The study area was organised into several differing environments in which different dung densities were expected. The presence of feeding sites, where wild boars concentrated, was taken into account. The conducted count confirmed differences in the utilization of different habitats within the study area. The resulting wild boar abundance was estimated at 64.3 (&plusmn; 8.9; 95% CI) indd&middot;km<sup>&ndash;2</sup>. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Recreational potential of the regulated watercourse Ostravice river in Ostrava urban area

Beskydy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
I. Lampartová ◽  
J. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Land Usage ◽  
Landscape Water ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Water coursess are segments in the country increasing its recreational potential. The current goal of revitalization measures in the landscape primarily consists of the optimization of landscape water regime, incl. flood control measures and the promotion of biodiversity, but the current philosophy speaks of multifunctional land usage. In the society there has been indicated the necessity for recreation, because a large part of the population lives in urban settlements and is employed in an artificial technical environment that has largely inadequate sanitary conditions (unfavourable microclimate, noise, dust, etc.). Recreation as a social phenomenon is therefore a permanent part of the lifestyle in economically developed countries. However, the revitalization is currently underappreciated in the Czech Republic and it is important to increase recreational potential of the landscape. The subject of this article is evaluation of regulated watercourse Ostravice river in Ostrava urban area. The model area of river Ostravice in Ostrava region is described here. In the model area is evaluated some elements of recreational potential of revitalization by the proposed methodology. The outcome of the work is to propose an ongoing systematic procedure for assessment of the relevance of revitalization actions in terms of the recreational potential of the landscape and their impact on the development opportunities of the region.

scholarly journals Effects of polders on the course of floods in the watershed of the Tichá Orlice river

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Vladimír Pavlík
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Management Function ◽  
Basin Water

Polders show an important water-management function in the flood-control protection of watersheds. The course of actual floods in recent decades and effects of the water works on flood flows have proved the suitability of the construction within integrated flood-control measures in particular watersheds of the Czech Republic. To determine the transformation effect of flood-control measures in watersheds mathematical modelling is an important method, which is used not only in the preparation and design of retention areas but also in dealing with the flood protection of towns and villages. Easy verification of other measures in watersheds is also useful. Their implementation can be thus prepared for the future or it is possible to back off the intentions. In our case, a fact is advantageous that the model is ope­ra­ted in the workplace of the Elbe Basin water-management dispatching centre, which is compatible with assessed polders in the partial Elbe watershed, namely in the Tichá Orlice watershed and its partial Třebovka watershed. The polders assessed are situated on the Třebovka stream, which is the lar­gest tributary of the Tichá Orlice river. These dry reservoirs and the increased protective function of the Hvězda pond affect runoff from about 80 km2. Within research activities, possibilities were studied to obtain necessary retention areas in existing small water reservoirs. It became evident that the only rea­lis­tic solution was to increase protective functions of the pond Hvězda. Its present total retention space of 1.4 million m3 can be increased only by 0.35 million m3, however, in combination with the sophisticated lay-out of a new emergency spillway and outlet the whole retention space can be used much more effectively. To obtain other retention areas localities were found out in the whole upper watershed of the Třebovka stream, which fulfilled requirements for placing the adequate capacity of polders. Subsequent modifications of the Třebovka channel in the most endangered villages and towns and their capacity design according to transformation effects of selected reservoirs and measures, determination of their effect and comparison with profiles on the Tichá Orlice are the content of the paper.

scholarly journals The impact of using lead pellets on lead contamination of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeňka Hutařová ◽  
Olga Čelechovská ◽  
Vladimír Večerek ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to assess the degree of lead contamination in mallards in the Czech Republic as a result of using lead shots for wildfowling. Two sites used for mallard hunting were chosen, namely a flood-control reservoir in Moravia and a small fishpond in Bohemia. Lead concentrations were determined in the tissues of 20 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) raised at those standing open water sites (n = 10 at each site) and killed there during the autumn hunting season with a steel shot. Control groups were made up of 20 mallards from the same breeding facility as experimental groups but raised in an enclosure without access to water (n = 10 at each site). Lead concentrations were determined in selected tissues (breast muscle, heart, liver, gizzard, kidney, feathers - quill base, lung, brain and humerus) by high resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed elevated lead concentrations in all tissues of mallards compared with control in the reservoir in Southern Moravia. The highest lead concentrations (mg/kg) were found in the humerus (14.254 ± 4.525 and 5.083 ± 0.748 for experimental and control mallards, respectively). In contrast, lead concentrations in mallards from small fishpond in Southern Bohemia were lower compared to control. Similarly, the highest lead concentrations were found in the humerus (2.219 ± 0.349 and 8.930 ± 1.012 for experimental and control mallards, respectively). This study extends very limited information about lead contamination of wild ducks in the Czech Republic in connection with hunting activities.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in the Czech Republic

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirí Raboch
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Care Facilities

The profound political, social and economic changes that occurred after the end of communist rule in Central Europe in 1989 had a profound influence on Czech psychiatry. In the socialist Czechoslovakia the healthcare system was fully owned, financed and organised by the state, in so-called regional institutes of healthcare. These had obligatory catchment areas of about 100 000 inhabitants and comprised in-patient as well as out-patient care facilities, including psychiatry. The main trends after 1989 were decentralisation of the healthcare system, rapid privatisation, especially of out-patient services, and financing through the newly established health insurance corporations.

scholarly journals Inventory of rodent damage to forests

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kamler ◽  
K. Turek ◽  
M. Homolka ◽  
P. Baňař ◽  
M. Barančeková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Conversion of coniferous monocultures to more stable mixed stands is one of the crucial tasks of present forestry in the Czech Republic. One of the factors hampering this process is the activity of small rodents that can cause severe damage to young plantations in winter. Little knowledge is still available of the ecology of small mammals in the forest environment and of the factors influencing their distribution and extent of damage. In order to acquire relevant information on rodent impacts on forest regeneration, we mapped the cumulated damage to forest plantations in 13 regions within the Czech Republic in 2007 and 2008. We checked 19,650 trees of eight species on 393 plots. Broadleaves were affected by browsing much more than conifers (20% and 4%, respectively). Of the monitored species, beech was damaged the most frequently (26% individuals). Browsing intensity differed among the regions (6&ndash;60% browsed individuals). The least damaged were the plantations at the altitudes below 400 m a.s.l.; on higher located plots the browsing intensity showed no trend. The proportion of damaged trees increased with plantation age up to 6 years, then it did not vary significantly. This study has confirmed that rodents are an important factor with a negative influence on the regeneration of broadleaves. Bark browsing in young trees is affected by several factors and the prediction of damage is complicated. Further research should improve the prediction of the bark browsing threat to young plantations and at the same time the efficiency of protection against rodent-caused damage.

Categorization of small catchments for modeling the precipitation response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kavka ◽  
Luděk Strouhal ◽  
Romana Kubínová ◽  
Marek Kaspar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Small Catchments

&lt;p&gt;It this contribution partial results of the project, which is focused on hydrological modelling as a tool for designing small water management construction and soil conservation measure and in the landscape are presented. For the hydrological response, design rainfall and the initial condition, the current state of the river basin as well as the characteristics of the area under consideration are important. For the hydrological response, design rainfall, the current conditions of the catchment area as well as the characteristics of the solved area are important.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Design precipitation in relation to initial conditions (soil moisture and surface condition) is one of the project goals. This data are important for hydrological modelling that is a tool for designing water management measures on small watercourses and in river basin areas is relevant for catchment size where long-term measurements and possible analogy cannot be used. The design of small hydrotechnical buildings based on hydrological modelling is used for catchments up to the area of &amp;#8203;&amp;#8203;5 km2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Basic categorization of small catchments in the Czech Republic is presented. At present, the Czech catchments are categorized into four levels. From the main river catchment to the catchment of the category IV. order (small catchments). There are considerable differences in size in the fourth category. From catchment areas of over 20 km2 to supplementary catchment areas of less than 1 km2. The categorization of these catchments in terms of their potential hydrological response is described in the past. For the categorization of the territory of the Czech Republic at the level of small catchment areas in terms of hydrological response, the different size of the area is one of the hardly definable parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For these reasons, the project addresses also the delimitation of small catchments in the Czech Republic, which fall into the category of areas up to 5 km2 and significant areas outside the watercourse and their subsequent classification in terms of possible hydrological response. The activities were in this ongoing project focused on delimitation of these catchments and research of suitable data for their classification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Detailed model of terrain in the resolution 5x5 m and watercourse layer were used as input data for delimitation of small catchments. ArcGIS tools and Python scripting language were used for processing. As it is a relatively large data set, the following analyses were gradually repeated for the catchment III. order with the extension of the boundary, so as to ensure possible discrepancies between the delimitation of the basin and the distribution boards defined on the basis of a detailed terrain model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nine categories were selected as significant areas ranging from contributing areas of 0,3 to 5,5 km2. In the category of the smallest catchments (categories from 0,3 to 0,7 km2) there are over 70 thousand areas defined in the Czech Republic. In the category from 4,5 to 5,5 km2 there are over 4 thousand catchments. A categorization both for individual classes and overall for the territory of the Czech Republic according to the largest contributing area is presented.&lt;/p&gt;

Conceptual aspect of environment security: evidence from India and Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyendra Singh Narwaria
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The fast depletion of natural resources that has resulted in the scarcity of resources and degradation of environment and the subsequent conflict over resources within and among the states have given rise to a growing concern for environmental security all over the world. It may be pointed out here that since the beginning of human civilization, humans have been relying on the environment for their needs and demands. Therefore, the concern of human beings to the environment has been always and obvious. But now with the depletion of natural resources, the concern for environmental security is being advocated. The purpose of this paper is to analyze environmental issues in the context of South Asia. It may also be added here that in a situation as stated above, any stress on the environment can cause conflicts involving violence within the state as well as between the nation states. Moreover, this paper will look into other issues related to the environment degradation in India and Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach The first approach confines environment to the nature and the problems and constraints related to it. It can be termed as ecological approach. This approach is too narrow in its scope, as nature alone is not responsible for many types of hazards. How it is being exploited and protected is equally important. The other approach has been termed as the maximize approach and it includes both the ecology and its human domains. This approach takes into consideration the interaction between the two. It believes that the excessive dependence of human beings affects the environment. Also, the depletion and degradation of the environment affect human beings. The environmental security has to include both the domains and understand their inter-linkages. In fact, the uses of environment and its proper maintenance are related to the human domains. Findings The environment-related problems and their implications are more similar in both countries. It is true that there is a growing awareness on environmental issues in almost all the countries in the last few years and the individual countries have persuaded environment-friendly policies in certain sectors. Apart from this regional level, a common approach to securing the environment may involve the following aspects: sharing of knowledge and expertise regarding population control measures, policies and programs; cooperation for development and poverty eradication; regularization of inter-state migrations, evolving a regional framework for controlling, repatriation and rehabilitation of refugees; establishment of a system of disaster management and disaster preparedness at the regional level; exchange of knowledge and research works on seismic tremors, earthquakes, and landslides, their causes and possibilities; evolving common flood control measures and development of a regional flood warning system; common measures can be taken up for increased agriculture productivity, treatment of salinity, development of cyclone warning system, reforestation, development of water resources, air pollution control system, etc. Originality/value This research will not only be useful for India and Bangladesh but also for other South Asian countries and developing countries as well.

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