scholarly journals Inventory of rodent damage to forests

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kamler ◽  
K. Turek ◽  
M. Homolka ◽  
P. Baňař ◽  
M. Barančeková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Conversion of coniferous monocultures to more stable mixed stands is one of the crucial tasks of present forestry in the Czech Republic. One of the factors hampering this process is the activity of small rodents that can cause severe damage to young plantations in winter. Little knowledge is still available of the ecology of small mammals in the forest environment and of the factors influencing their distribution and extent of damage. In order to acquire relevant information on rodent impacts on forest regeneration, we mapped the cumulated damage to forest plantations in 13 regions within the Czech Republic in 2007 and 2008. We checked 19,650 trees of eight species on 393 plots. Broadleaves were affected by browsing much more than conifers (20% and 4%, respectively). Of the monitored species, beech was damaged the most frequently (26% individuals). Browsing intensity differed among the regions (6–60% browsed individuals). The least damaged were the plantations at the altitudes below 400 m a.s.l.; on higher located plots the browsing intensity showed no trend. The proportion of damaged trees increased with plantation age up to 6 years, then it did not vary significantly. This study has confirmed that rodents are an important factor with a negative influence on the regeneration of broadleaves. Bark browsing in young trees is affected by several factors and the prediction of damage is complicated. Further research should improve the prediction of the bark browsing threat to young plantations and at the same time the efficiency of protection against rodent-caused damage.

scholarly journals The Climatology of Significant Tornadoes in the Czech Republic

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Kateřina Chromá ◽  
Tomáš Púčik ◽  
Zbyněk Černoch ◽  
Petr Dobrovolný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Common Era

In the Czech Republic, tornadoes may reach an intensity of F2 and F3 on the Fujita scale, causing “considerable” to “severe” damage. Documentary evidence is sufficient to allow the creation of a chronology of such events, from the earliest recorded occurrence in 1119 CE (Common Era) to 2019, including a total of 108 proven or probable significant tornadoes on 90 separate days. Since only 11 significant tornadoes were documented before 1800, this basic analysis centers around the 1811–2019 period, during which 97 tornadoes were recorded. Their frequency of occurrence was at its highest in the 1921–1930, 1931–1940, and 2001–2010 decades. In terms of annual variations, they took place most frequently in July, June, and August (in order of frequency), while daily variation favored the afternoon and early evening hours. Conservative estimates of human casualties mention 8 fatalities and over 95 people injured. The most frequent types of damage were related to buildings, individual trees, and forests. Tornadoes of F2–F3 intensity were particularly associated with synoptic types characterized by airflow from the western quadrant together with troughs of low pressure extending or advancing over central Europe. Based on parameters calculated from the ERA-5 re-analysis for the period of 1979–2018, most of these tornadoes occurred over a wide range of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) values and moderate-to-strong vertical wind shear. The discussion herein also addresses uncertainties in tornado selection from documentary data, the broader context of Czech significant tornadoes, and the environmental conditions surrounding their origins.

scholarly journals Does the Implementation of DAC 5 Represent a Breach of Attorney Confidentiality?

2019 ◽  
pp. 525-534
Author(s):  
Tomáš Sejkora
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Law

This contribution is devoted to an issue of the correlation between anti-money laundering measures and measures combating tax evasion. This problem is widely discussed and the regulation requiring sharing tax relevant information between tax and AML authorities begins to occur. The example is the well-known directive DAC 5 and its transposition into the national legal orders which initiated the discussion about the nature of the confidentiality of the lawyer and the attorney–client privilege once again. This contribution therefore analyses the new obligation imposed on attorneys by the law implementing DAC 5 in the Czech Republic. The used scientific methods are description, analysis, induction and deduction.

scholarly journals Changes in the abundance of Melolontha hippocastani Fabr. and Melolontha melolontha (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) in the Czech Republic in the period 2003–2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Švestka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Specific Prediction ◽  
Extent Of Damage

In the period between 2003 and 2009 we evaluated the abundance of adults of Melolontha hippocastani Fabr. and Melolontha melolontha (L.) cockchafers in four forest regions of the Czech Republic. During this period each of the evaluated localities was hit twice by heavy swarming. The course of swarming, species composition, abundance of the respective tribe, sex ratio during swarming and the correlation between the course of swarming and average daily temperature were monitored by means of a light trap, an automatic meteorological station and observations in the open space; the data were represented in the form of graphs. We evaluated how the trend of the abundance of the particular species developed in the respective localities in order to work out a more specific prediction of the occurrence of the cockchafer in subsequent years and the extent of damage caused by the grubs to forest plantations. Research will continue in 2010–2011.

scholarly journals Forestry, mountain catchments and floods in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 538-541
Author(s):  
M. Bíba ◽  
J. Jiřík ◽  
K. Vančura
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Mountain Catchment ◽  
Catchment Areas

A short introduction of historical overview and current situation refer to forestry problems of the country. Local climate is characterized and impacts of natural phenomena are described, as well as the impacts of human beings. The influence of forest management is mentioned and discussed in relation to latest catastrophic floods. The territory of the Czech Republic is damaged especially by a high intensity of atmospheric precipitation abnormal values which lead to a local or regional damage. In the catchment areas of torrents, damage leads to faster soil erosion, development of ravines, landslides, moving of soil sediments and their deposition, devastation of watercourse beds and properties, flooding while the flooding rates of flow represent a danger for the life of inhabitants. Important elements and results of respective research are described in brief. E.g. research of precipitation and its relation to the runoffs in the small mountain catchment areas with the forest stands restoration, as well as the forestry-hydrologic monitoring of forest environment, which has been taking place since 1928, and tradition of the service for torrent control. Forestry-hydrologic research gradually documents that a favorable flood-control performance of forest is limited. However, this is not a reason for not taking care of flood-control measures in the mountain afforested areas. These measures and importance of forest for the protection of land are historically verified and justified. In closing the mankind behavior to the landscape is underlined as a question mark.

scholarly journals What Are the Most Important Factors Influencing Springtail Tetrodontophora bielanensis?

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Strahinja Mladenović ◽  
Jan Materna ◽  
Tereza Brestovanská ◽  
Jakub Horák
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Landscape Level

The springtail, Tetrodontophora bielanensis, dwells in the litter and upper soil layers. This arthropod mainly inhabits humid litter and soil and prefers a cold climate. We determined the main factors influencing this springtail in forests at the landscape level in Krkonoše and site level in Orlické hory in the Czech Republic. We used passive trunk-tree traps. These traps are highly effective for sampling flightless fauna. We used 128 traps in Krkonoše and 17 traps in Orlické hory. The springtail was significantly positively influenced by the presence of Norway spruce (Picea abies) at the landscape level. Springtails’ abundance was, furthermore, influenced by the spatial distribution of the sampling sites. The negative influence of bark coverage and the presence of fungi, and positive influence of an increasing dimension of trees were significant at the site level. We argue for a more diversified management of mountainous forests with respect to forest history. This appears to be also important for mountainous forests in protected areas.

scholarly journals An assessment of the applicability of dung count to estimate the wild boar population density in a forest environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Plhal ◽  
J. Kamler ◽  
M. Homolka ◽  
J. Drimaj
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Faecal Pellet ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Abundance Estimate ◽  
Pellet Group Count

Wild boar is a native species in the fauna of the Czech Republic. It is becoming a problematic game species both in the Czech Republic and in other European countries due to its harmful impacts. So far no suitable method of its sustainable management has been devised. Yet, a correct abundance estimate is essential for proper management, field crop damage prevention and proper hunting planning. This paper employed faecal pellet group count to estimate the wild boar density in a forest environment. The research was conducted in a study area covering 12.83 km<sup>2</sup>, which is surrounded by farmland. The count was done under ideal conditions in early spring, after snow had melted. The study area was organised into several differing environments in which different dung densities were expected. The presence of feeding sites, where wild boars concentrated, was taken into account. The conducted count confirmed differences in the utilization of different habitats within the study area. The resulting wild boar abundance was estimated at 64.3 (&plusmn; 8.9; 95% CI) indd&middot;km<sup>&ndash;2</sup>. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Central System of Psychosocial Support to the Czech Victims Affected by the Tsunami in Southeast Asia

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S27-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan Vymetal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Psychological First Aid ◽  
Tsunami Disaster

AbstractThe Tsunami disaster affected several countries in Southeast Asia in December 2004 and killed or affected many tourists, most of them from Europe. Eight Czech citizens died, and about 500 Czechs were seriously mentally traumatized. The psychosocial needs of tourists included: (1) protection; (2) treatment; (3) safety; (4) relief; (5) psychological first aid; (6) connecting with family members; (7) transportation home; (8) information about possible mental reactions to trauma; (9) information about the normality of their reaction; (10) procedural and environmental orientation; (11) reinforcement of personal competencies; and (12) psycho-trauma therapy.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic was in charge of general emergency management. General coordination of psychosocial support was coordinated under the Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic, which is connected to the Central Crisis Staff of the Czech Government. The major cooperative partners were: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Health, Czech Airlines, psychosocial intervention teams of the Czech Republic, and the Czech Association of Clinical Psychologists.The main goals of relief workers were: (1) to bring back home the maximum number of Czech citizens; (2) to provide relevant information to the maximum number of affected Czech citizens; (3) to provide relevant information to rescue workers and professionals; and (4) to prepare working psychosocial support regional network.Major activities of the Ministry of Interior (psychology section) included: (1) establishing a psychological helpline; (2) running a team of psychological assistance (assistance in the Czech airports, psychological monitoring of tourists, crisis intervention, psychological first aid, assistance in the collection of DNA material from relatives); (3) drafting and distributing specific information materials (brochures, leaflets, address lists, printed and electronic instructions); (4) communicating via the media and advertising; and (5) providing analysis and research studies.Central coordination of psychosocial support has been found as successful in the first phase after the disaster. The plans must be built for preferable cooperation in the psychosocial field in the Czech Republic. Better collaborates with journalists must exist in order to reduce secondary psycho-trauma.There is a need for intensive international cooperation in the psychosocial field and to build the network at the global level.

scholarly journals DO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF INTERFUNCTIONAL COORDINATION LEAD TO SMALLER BUSINESS PERFORMANCE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1282-1292
Author(s):  
Eva Tomášková ◽  
Lucie Kaňovská
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ethical Decisions

The paper deals with interfunctional coordination (IFC) from ethical and environmental point of view. It will be interesting to know if the parts of IFC connected with ethical and environmental aspects have positive or negative influence on business performance. Data was gained from 60 SMEs producing electrical equipment and electronic components in the Czech Republic. Survey questionnaire and critical discussion with the literature were used. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Bartett’s sphericity test were applied. For analysing the influence of ethical and environmental aspect on business performance Spearman’s rank correlation was used. The results show: (1) a positive relation between ethical aspects and business performance, (2) no positive relation between implementation of environmental aspects and business performance, and (3) no difference in results in marketing business performance and financial business performance. The results can suggest that a preference towards ethical decisions and behaviour leads to a higher business performance and by contraries, environmental aspects leads to smaller business performance. The collected data shows that environmental and ethical decisions of managers in the Czech Republic can differ from environmental and ethical decisions of managers in different countries.

scholarly journals Application of selected marketing and logistics methods in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 01045
Author(s):  
Pavel Taraba ◽  
Tereza Belantová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Different Types

The main aim of the paper is to analyze the level of application of selected marketing and logistics methods in different types of companies. The result of the analysis is a description of the current situation in companies operating in the Czech Republic. In the first stage, relevant information sources from the field of logistics and marketing were analyzed. Data collection was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey in the second stage. In the third stage, the data were processed, and the results were interpreted using descriptive statistics methods. At the end of the paper, the results and the identified limits are formulated which must be taken into account in their interpretation.

scholarly journals Analysis of selected demand factors of wine market of the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pyšný ◽  
Z. Pošvár ◽  
S. Gurská
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Wine Demand

This paper analyzes the data on the development of the main factors of the demand for wine and wine consumption in the Czech Republic. The average annual wine consumption, one of the wine demand factors, grew between1991 and 2005 from 14.8 l to 17 l per capita. Following this trend, we can expect the average annual wine consumption 17.4 l per capita in year 2010. However there are critical factors in the development of the demand for wine demand here. Specifically it is the daily feasible ratio of alcohol in wine and other alcoholic drinks, especially beer that we can treat as the substitute of wine. The ethanol consumption in beer accounts for 50% of the total ethanol consumption in alcoholic drinks in the Czech Republic. The negative influence on wine demand growth has been the price of other alcoholic drinks, especially beer that is the cheapest form of ethanol.

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