Arginine and the shade tolerance of white spruce saplings entering winter dormancy

Shade-tolerant white spruce saplings grown at 100, 45, 25, and 13% natural light for four years, and entering winter dormancy, modified their growth habit and redistributed the total soluble N among needles, roots, and stems with buds mainly to arginine N. Most free amino acid N was found in roots in saplings at full light, and the least at 13% light. Glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate N contributed to the accumulation of soluble arginine N. Arginine-derived γ-guanidinobutyric acid, agmatine and an unidentified guanidino compound accumulated mainly in stems with buds at 25 and 13% light. The profiling N metabolism and arginine-derived guanidino compounds extend models for shade tolerance based mainly on photosynthesis, respiration and carbon gain.

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Effect of Natural Light Periods on Rutin, Free Amino Acid and Vitamin C Contents in the Sprouts of Common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary (F. tataricum Gaertn.) Buckwheats

Food Science and Technology Research ◽

10.3136/fstr.12.199 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 199-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Sun-Ju KIM ◽

Chiami KAWAHARADA ◽

Tatsuro SUZUKI ◽

Katsuichi SAITO ◽

Naoto HASHIMOTO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Free Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽

Natural Light ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

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Hepatic detoxification of ammonia in the ovine liver: possible consequences for amino acid catabolism

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19950072 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (5) ◽

pp. 667-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

G. E. Lobley ◽

A. Connell ◽

M. A. Lomax ◽

D. S. Brown ◽

E. Milne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Kinetic Data ◽

Free Amino ◽

Liver Blood Flow ◽

Whole Body ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Urea Synthesis ◽

Amino Acid Oxidation ◽

N Metabolism ◽

Glutamate Synthesis

The effects of either low (25 μmol/min) or high (235 μmol/min) infusion of NH4Cl into the mesenteric vein for 5 d were determined on O2consumption plus urea and amino acid transfers across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver of young sheep. Kinetic transfers were followed by use of15NH4Cl for 10 h on the fifth day with simultaneous infusion of [1-13C]lleucine to monitor amino acid oxidation. Neither PDV nor liver blood flow were affected by the additional NH3loading, although at the higher rate there was a trend for increased liver O2consumption. NH3-N extraction by the liver accounted for 64–70% of urea-N synthesis and at the lower infusion rate the additional N required could be more than accounted for by hepatic removal of free amino acids. At the higher rate of NH3administration additional sources of N were apparently required to account fully for urea synthesis. Protein synthesis rates in the PDV and liver were unaffected by NH3infusion but both whole-body (P< 0·05) and splanchnic tissue leucine oxidation were elevated at the higher rate of administration. Substantial synthesis of [15N]glutamine occurred across the liver, particularly with the greater NH3supply, and enrichments exceeded considerably those of glutamate. The [15N]urea synthesized was predominantly as the single labelled, i.e. [14N15N], species. These various kinetic data are compatible with the action of ovine hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase (EC1.4.1.2) in periportal hepatocytes in the direction favouring glutamate deamination. Glutamate synthesis and uptake is probably confined to the perivenous cells which do not synthesize urea. The implications of NH3detoxification to the energy and N metabolism of the ruminant are discussed.

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Seasonal free amino acid fluctuations in red pine and white spruce needles

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x95-077 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 697-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Y.T. Kim ◽

C. Glerum.

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino ◽

White Spruce ◽

Red Pine ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Total Amino Acid ◽

Partial Regression ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Bare Root

Eighteen free amino acids were quantified biweekly from the needles of 3-year-old bare-root red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings over a 3-year period. In both species, concentrations of alanine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, threonine, valine, glutamine, and proline increased during summer. Phenylalanine, lysine, and leucine accumulated in red pine during the summer but not in white spruce. During the winter tyrosine and histidine accumulated in white spruce but not in red pine. Only tryptophan consistently exhibited a significant trend in both species, rising from a low concentration in summer to a peak in fall and then returning to a low concentration in the spring. Thirteen amino acids in red pine and 15 in white spruce exhibited significant coefficients of determination with photoperiod and daily air temperature together. Fourteen amino acids in red pine and 10 in white spruce had significant photoperiod partial regression coefficients, while three amino acids in red pine and six in white spruce exhibited significant temperature partial regression coefficients. Total amino acid concentration exhibited significant coefficients of determination, with only the photoperiod partial regression coefficients being significant for both species.

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The effects of biodiversity gradient on plant mass and metabolism of individual submerged macrophytes

Ecological Processes ◽

10.1186/s13717-021-00316-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Liang-Yu Qi ◽

Hong-Yuan Zeng ◽

Zhong-Xi Bai ◽

Yan-Hong Wang ◽

Li Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino ◽

Plant Species Richness ◽

Species Level ◽

Individual Species ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

N Metabolism ◽

C And N ◽

Biodiversity Effects

Abstract Background The effects of biodiversity on community function and services are frequently studied in the history of ecology, while the response of individual species to biodiversity remains great elusive. In this study, we determined the biodiversity effects on community productivity as well as species level plant mass and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism of eight submerged plants. These macrophytes in Lake Erhai were selected and planted in a water depth of one meter along a diversity gradient of 1, 2, 4 or 8 species. Then, the community productivity or species level plant mass, soluble protein, free amino acid and soluble carbohydrate were correlated to species richness to determine the biodiversity effects on community and single species. Results The results showed that the community level biomass was positively correlated to plant species richness although the species level plant mass of individual species responded differently to the overall plant species richness. Namely, only one plant mass positively correlated to species richness and the others decreased or showed no significant correlation with the increase of species richness. The soluble proteins of most macrophytes were positively correlated to species richness; however, both the free amino acid and soluble carbohydrate of the plants were negatively or not significantly correlated to species richness. Conclusions These results indicated that the selection effects might dominate in our aquatic communities and the negative impacts of biodiversity on C and N metabolism of the macrophytes increased with the increase of species richness, which might result from the strong competition among the studied species. The biodiversity effects on the plant mass, and C and N metabolism of individual submerged species were first reported in this study, while more such field and control experiments deserve further research.

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Free Amino Acids as Affected by Light Intensity and the Relation of Responses to the Shade Tolerance of White Spruce and Shade Intolerance of Jack Pine

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x71-017 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 131-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D. J. Durzan

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Shade Tolerance ◽

White Spruce ◽

Jack Pine ◽

Soluble Nitrogen ◽

Natural Light ◽

Nitrogenous Compounds ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Metabolic Basis

Saplings of white spruce and jack pine, grown under field conditions, were exposed for 2 years to natural light, and shade at 45, 25, and 13% of the daily natural light intensity. Continuous shade affected the growth and shape of saplings and influenced metabolism by reducing levels of most nitrogenous compounds in all plant parts (leaves, stems and buds, and roots). Compared with the spruce, significant responses by amino acids to the range of shade treatment in the very intolerant jack pine were greater and covered a much greater proportion of the amino acid N. As saplings were entering winter dormancy, thresholds for significant responses by individual amino acids and intercalation of their metabolic paths with those not responsive reflected a metabolic basis for shade tolerance that represented not only past growth rates of sapling parts, particularly roots, but also the extent to which nitrogenous compounds accumulated and were compartmentalized amongst parts. The main effects of shade on nitrogen metabolism implicated the balance of four- and five-carbon α-keto acids (photosynthate) which evoked significant changes in levels of certain amino acids and the amides, glutamine, and asparagine. At low light intensities, and particularly in stems and buds of both species, soluble nitrogen was diverted into the storage compound arginine.

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