scholarly journals Veterinary meat inspection of bovine carcasses in theCzechRepublic during the period of 1995–2002

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vecerek ◽  
A. Kozak ◽  
M. Malena ◽  
B. Tremlova ◽  
P. Chloupek
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Cattle Herds

The results of veterinary meat inspection classification of 4 000 372 bovine carcasses reflect long-term aspects of health status in cattle herds and the quality of transport and handling of animals at slaughterhouses. Veterinary inspectors recorded the data obtained from meat inspection classification of bovine carcasses at slaughterhouses in the CzechRepublicduring the period of 1995–2002 together with the reasons for classification. The trends were evaluated by a comparison of two periods (Period I, 1995–1998, and Period II, 1999–2002) by means of calculating the indexes of values from Period II compared to those of Period I. Bovine carcasses classified as capable for human consumption (edible) were found in 87.87% of cases (88.83% during Period I and 86.58% during Period II, index 0.97), while those classified as capable for processing (conditionally edible) were found in 7.53% of cases (7.38% during Period I and 7.71% during Period II, index 1.04), and those condemned in 4.60% of cases (3.79% during Period I and 5.71% during Period II, index 1.51). The most important reason for classifying the carcasses as condemned was the finding of sensorial changes in meat, which occurred in 2.56% of cases (2.23% during Period I and 3.00% during Period II, index 1.35), followed by lesions due to non-infectious diseases – 1.00% (0.81% during Period I and 1.25% during Period II, index 1.53), added deleterious substances – 0.88% (0.60% during Period I and 1.27% during Period II, index 2.11), lesions due to respiratory infections – 0.03% (0.02% during Period I and 0.04% during Period II, index 1.74), and lesions due to miscellaneous infectious diseases – 0.10% (0.10% during Period I and 0.10% during Period II, index 1.05). Other reasons to condemn the carcasses included improper identification, lesions due to digestive infections, lesions due to tuberculosis, lesions due to paratuberculosis, lesions due to salmonellosis, leucosis and parasitic diseases. The occurrence of these conditions was on the level of mere hundredths of per cent. According to the results of meat inspection classification, the risk of food-borne diseases originating from bovine carcasses tends to be greater in the lesions due to non-infectious conditions with a long-term increasing trend. A considerable increase in the numbers of bovine carcasses condemned because of lesions due to paratuberculosis (index 4.62) represents an alarming finding with regard to potential food safety hazards.

scholarly journals Veterinary meat inspection of pig carcasses in the Czech Republic during the period of 1995–2002

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kozak ◽  
V. Vecerek ◽  
P. Chloupek ◽  
B. Tremlova ◽  
M. Malena
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The results of meat inspection classification of pig carcasses reflect long-term aspects of health status in pig production farms and the quality of transport and handling of animals at slaughterhouses. Veterinary inspec­tors recorded the data obtained from meat inspection classification of 36 028 821 pig carcasses at slaughterhouses in theCzechRepublicduring the period of 1995–2002 together with the reasons for classification. The trends were evaluated by a comparison of two periods (Period I: 1995–1998; Period II: 1999–2002) by means of calculating the indexes of values from Period II compared to those of Period I. Pig carcasses classified as capable for human con­sumption (edible) were found in 97.28% of cases (97.26% during Period I and 97.31% during Period II, index 1.00), while those classified as capable for processing (conditionally edible) were found in 2.15% of cases (2.28% during Period I and 2.02% during Period II, index 0.89), and those condemned in 0.57% of cases (0.47% during Period I and 0.67% during Period II, index 1.43). The reasons for classifying the carcasses as condemned were as follows: sensorial changes in meat – 0.33% (0.26% during Period I and 0.41% during Period II, index 1.56), lesions due to non-infec­tious diseases – 0.12% (0.12% during Period I and 0.12% during Period II, index 0.97), added deleterious substances – 0.05% (0.03% during Period I and 0.07% during Period II, index 2.50), lesions due to respiratory infections – 0.03% (0.03% during Period I and 0.04% during Period II, index 1.70), boar taint – 0.02% (0.02% during Period I and 0.03% during Period II, index 1.36). Other reasons to condemn the carcasses included tuberculous lesions, lesions due to miscellaneous infections, digestive infections, parasitic diseases, and Salmonella infections. The occurrence of these conditions was on the level of mere hundredths of per cent. No case of Aujeszky’s disease was found. According to the results of meat inspection classification, the risk of food-borne diseases originating from pig carcasses tends to be greater in the lesions due to non-infectious conditions with a long-term increasing trend. A considerable increase in the numbers of pig carcasses condemned due to added deleterious substances (index 2.50) is an alarming finding with regard to potential food safety hazards.

Fifteen-minute consultation: A structured approach to the management of chronic cough in a child

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherry Alviani ◽  
Gary Ruiz ◽  
Atul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Structured Approach

Coughing is a primary pulmonary defence mechanism that enhances clearance of secretions and particles from the airways and protects against aspiration of foreign materials. Coughing may affect 30% of children at any given time (1). Many are healthy children but some may have serious underlying disease. Childhood cough accounts for a large number of consultations and 80% of families who are referred to a paediatric respiratory clinic for chronic cough have sought medical advice five times or more (2). The majority of childhood coughs are secondary to an acute respiratory tract infection and will improve once the infection resolves, usually within 1 to 3 weeks. With pre-school children who may experience between 6 and 10 respiratory infections a year differentiating acute recurrent cough from chronic cough is key (Table 1). Chronic cough can significantly impact a family’s quality of life, as it affects the child’s sleep, school attendance and play. Parents experience distress and anxiety, worrying that the cough may lead to long-term chest damage or even death (3). This article aims to guide clinicians through the assessment of the child with a chronic cough. It will discuss identifying causes, use of first line investigations, initiating appropriate management and addressing parental anxiety and exacerbating factors (4,5).

scholarly journals Oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgery in Canada: breaking new ground in general surgical training

2018 ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Lashan Peiris ◽  
David Olson ◽  
Kelly Dabbs
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
Breast Surgery ◽  
Fellowship Training ◽  
Immediate Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Oncoplastic Breast Surgery ◽  
The Uk

Oncoplastic breast surgery combines certain plastic surgery procedures with a breast cancer resection to minimize the cosmetic penalty. We compared current practices in breast surgery in Canada and the UK, looking at the classification of oncoplastic breast surgery, management of larger tumours that would otherwise mandate a mastectomy, and the breast surgeon’s role in immediate breast reconstruction. Reconstructive breast surgery has always fallen within the domain of the plastic surgeon, but surgical subspecialization and more focused fellowship training have meant that breast surgeons with the appropriate skillset can offer these procedures. This evolution of the breast surgeon has led to the birth of a new field of breast surgery known as oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgery. Those tasked with developing surgical training programs in Canada must now decide whether to train breast surgeons in these techniques to improve long-term quality of life among Canadian patients with breast cancer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Meat Used for Human Consumption in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Jemeļjanovs ◽  
Inese Zītare ◽  
Ināra Helēna Konošonoka ◽  
Vera Krastiņa ◽  
Lîga Proškina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Cattle Herds

Over the last decade in Latvia, the production levels of beef, pork and poultry meat have been dramatically reduced. The yearly meat consumption per capita in Latvia is about 60 kg. Traditionally, pig meat consumption is higher than consumption of bovine meat, which has higher production costs. Lower priced meat from European countries is imported and placed on the market in Latvia. The Research Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine “Sigra”, Latvia, LUA, performs important research on meat quality and acquisition of safe and healthy food of animal origin. Cattle herds of meat breed are highly varied both from the aspect of animals and the quality of the sold meat produce. In meat of bovine animals, the settling of cholesterol on the blood vessel walls is precluded by 5.4-8.13% ω-3 and 12.97-16.27% ω-6 on average. The meat of the beef breed cattle contains wholesome proportions of proteins, fatty acids in quantities sufficient for humans, a relatively low cholesterol level (about 77 mg%) and good qualities of the culinary flavours and aromas. There are on-going research studies on the quality of meat of different pig breeds and their influencing factors, as well as on acquisition of meet in accordance with the consumer requirements. Extensive research is carried out also on the quality of broiler meat, with the target of acquisition of new quality meat. Assessment of the role of game meat in human consumption and the hygiene aspects of its acquisition are also included. Due to the development of heliculture in Latvia, the assessment of snail meat and its role in human consumption has also been launched.

How Does the Pathophysiology Influence the Treatment of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome and is the Result Long-lasting?

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Greiner ◽  
M Dadon ◽  
P Lemasle ◽  
P Cluzel
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome ◽  
Venous Anomalies ◽  
Embolic Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Pelvic Congestion

The objectives of this study are to consider the influence of pathophysiology in the treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) and to determine the criteria which impact on the long-term results. A classification of venous pathology including three types of pathophysiological conditions, independent of the location of the pelvic venous pathology, is developed and illustrated. These types, diagnosed by cross-sectional imaging and confirmed by phlebography, are associated with a specific therapeutic plan. The long-term results are dependent on the quality of the initial Phlebographic mapping that must be selective and complete, the angiographic findings, in particular the study of collaterals feeding the venous anomalies, the treatment of all venous anomalies, the respect of contraindications, the use of appropriate materials and the occurrence of new pregnancies. In conclusion, the feasibility and satisfactory short-term results of endovascular treatment of PCS are admitted. Questions remain regarding the effectiveness of the different embolic agents and the long-term results of this treatment.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Kachumbari, a Raw Vegetable Salad Popularly Served Alongside Roast Meat in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Mbae ◽  
Mercy K. Ndwiga ◽  
Fredrick G. Kiruki
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Borne

Raw salads are regularly implicated in food-borne disease outbreaks globally. Consumption of kachumbari, a raw vegetable salad, alongside roast meat is widespread in Kenya. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriological quality of kachumbari samples (n=39) collected from a cross section of roasted meat eateries in Kenya. The United Kingdom’s Health Protection Agency guidelines were used to infer safety of the salads due to lack of local criteria for microbiological safety of ready-to-eat fresh produce placed in the market. Based on Escherichia coli counts, 14 (35.9%) of the samples were of satisfactory microbial quality (<20 CFU/g), 7 (17.9%) in the borderline (20–≤102 CFU/g), and 18 (46.2%) unsatisfactory (>102 CFU/g). All samples examined for staphylococci had counts falling within the borderline range (20–≤104 CFU/g). Collectively, 3 (7.7%) of the sampled salads were classified as potentially harmful to health and/or unfit for human consumption due to the presumptive presence of 2 (5.1%) Campylobacter spp. and 1 (2.6%) E. coli O157. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples. The presence of hygiene indicator microorganisms and pathogens demonstrates that kachumbari salads present a public health risk.

scholarly journals Current situation of meat-related waste genera ted by free state abattoirs, South Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
Hester Roberts
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Free State ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria

Legislation exists which prescribes specific waste disposal methods, especially for condemned products, but financial constraints prohibits its implementation. Current legislation requires independent meat inspection but it is not yet applied at all abattoirs and will take a considerable period of time before it is in place. Meat inspection does not serve any pwpose if condemned products returns to the food chain. Waste management practices at the different grades of abattoirs (Grades A to E) will be assessed and interviews with management will be used to predict the associated health risks to the community and the meat industry. Results obtained, will be used to construct a model to recommend the most suitable waste management system for each grade of abattoir in the Free State Province. This model would be appropriate for other provinces in South Africa. Spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are found on the surfaces of meat products. Pathogenic bacteria can cause illness when these products are consumed (Aberle, et.al., 2001). Food borne illnesses are a world-wide phenomena that also play a role in South Africa. Duse (2002) quoted the Department of Health statistics indicating that in the period of January to June 1998 there were 110 cases of food poisoning and 3 deaths and in 1999 127 cases reported and 0 deaths occurred. A large variety of bacterial genera have been recovered from red-meat, poultry and their products for example, Actinobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Aalmonella, Zersinia, and Streptococcus. An increase in amounts ofwaste are generated all over the world. Abattoirs are one of the industries that contribute to the problem of possible food-borne diseases and potential health hazards associated with food, especially meat (Bradshaw, et.al. 1992). Waste generated by abattoirs include condemned organs and carcasses, blood, hides, paunch content and carcass trimmings. Condemned products and carcasses, unsuitable for human consumption, are eaten by ,,cavengers" or persons living off refuse sites, and could cause a significant health problem which could lead to disease and death.Current economic conditions force under- privileged communities to seek any possible source of food and some of the sites frequented are landfill sites, dumping grounds and disposal sites used by abattoirs (Personal communication, Derbyshire, 2003),

scholarly journals Classification of Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Associated Judgment Applied during Post-Mortem Inspection of Swine Carcasses in Portugal

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Madalena Vieira-Pinto ◽  
Joana Azevedo ◽  
Patrícia Poeta ◽  
Isabel Pires ◽  
Lüppo Ellebroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Vertebral Osteomyelitis ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
The Eu

Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) it is often a suppurative lesion that, in Portugal, represents the main cause of total condemnation of slaughtered finishing pigs. Based on the EU Meat Inspection legislation, meat from generalized VO cases presenting signs of pyemia should be declared unfit for human consumption. For that reason, the main objective of this study is to establish a classification scheme to differentiate between localized and generalized VO cases using macroscopic findings and validate it based on the presence of pyemia. To assist in, a combination of macroscopic characteristics of gross lesions (e.g., presence of pyaemia-related lesions (PRL), acute/chronic characteristics of VO) was used to create a classification scheme to differentiate between localized and generalized VO cases. The scheme was applied to 40 VO cases that had been totally condemned in an undifferentiated way. In those 40 cases, histopathological analysis was used to validate acute/chronic macro-criteria, and microbiological analysis was performed to identify the pyemia cases. From the 40 selected VO cases, 20 were macroscopically classified as chronic and 20 as acute. Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ = 0.80; p < 0.001), revealed a substantial agreement between macroscopic and histopathology classification. Microbiological analyses identified 13 pyemia cases (13/40; 32.5%). Among those, 12 were macroscopically classified as acute, this association being highly significant (p < 0.001). By using the proposed VO classification scheme, 14 possible cases out of 40 could have been spared from total condemnation. This scheme can be used to harmonize the classification of VO and meat inspection decisions in Portuguese abattoirs. The output would lead to avoidance of unnecessary carcasses condemnation (food waste/economic losses), under an evidence-based approach, without compromising food safety and public health as demanded by the EU Meat Inspection legislation.

scholarly journals Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 2755-2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Li ◽  
X. Zhao ◽  
R. Kahn ◽  
M. Mishchenko ◽  
L. Remer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Aerosol Parameters ◽  
Climate Studies ◽  
Cloud Screening

Abstract. As a result of increasing attention paid to aerosols in climate studies, numerous global satellite aerosol products have been generated. Aerosol parameters and underlining physical processes are now incorporated in many general circulation models (GCMs) in order to account for their direct and indirect effects on the earth's climate, through their interactions with the energy and water cycles. There exists, however, an outstanding problem that these satellite products have substantial discrepancies, that must be lowered substantially for narrowing the range of the estimates of aerosol's climate effects. In this paper, numerous key uncertain factors in the retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are articulated for some widely used and relatively long satellite aerosol products including the AVHRR, TOMS, MODIS, MISR, and SeaWiFS. We systematically review the algorithms developed for these sensors in terms of four key elements that influence the quality of passive satellite aerosol retrieval: calibration, cloud screening, classification of aerosol types, and surface effects. To gain further insights into these uncertain factors, the NOAA AVHRR data are employed to conduct various tests, which help estimate the ranges of uncertainties incurred by each of the factors. At the end, recommendations are made to cope with these issues and to produce a consistent and unified aerosol database of high quality for both environment monitoring and climate studies.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH CIR-RHOSIS AFTER SURGICAL PREVENTION OF BLEEDING FROM VARI-COSEVEINS OF THE ESOPHAGUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Gastric Bleeding ◽  
Class B ◽  
Endoscopic Ligation ◽  
B 31

The scientific work is based on the experience of endoscopic ligation of varicose veins of the esophagus (EVV) in 65 patients with liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension syndrome. The degree of ERVP was established in accordance with the classification of K.J. Paquet (1982). Varicose veins of the esophagus of III and IV degrees were recorded in 58 (89.2%) patients. For a comprehensive assessment of the degree of liver failure, the Child-Pugh scale was used (1973). 11 (16.9%) patients were assigned to class A, 23 (35.4%) to class B, 31 (47.7%) patients to class C. The effectiveness of endoscopic ligation in the prevention of bleeding was 92.2%. Recurrence of esophageal-gastric bleeding in the immediate period occurred in 3 patients. Hospital mortality was 4.6%. In the long-term period after endoscopic eradication, recurrence of esophageal varicose veins was diagnosed in 27.8% of patients. Endoscopic ligation of varicose veins of the esophagus is an effective method for stopping and preventing bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis.

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