scholarly journals European agriculture under immigration effects: New empirical evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Cristea ◽  
Gratiela Georgiana Noja
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Labour Immigration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Agriculture

European agriculture is widely shaped under the compelling effects of international migration, both economic (labour) immigration and the refugee crisis. This complex endeavour could lead to significant spillover effects also upon the agricultural sectors in neighbouring locations, with different overall economic performances for migrant receiving countries. The research is thus set to assess the outcomes of the European agriculture under the impact of economic and humanitarian migration, focusing on the results achieved by ten EU Member States (most targeted by migrants), during 2000–2016. A balanced panel comprising a complex set of indicators was configured in order to provide accurate credentials for the methodological endeavour that consists of spatial analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM). Estimations show that the agricultural sector will be mainly shaped by economic immigration and less by the humanitarian flows. Major effects are induced through the value added by the agricultural sector, increases in exports of basic foods and agricultural raw materials (spatial analysis). However, a fail to properly manage the EU labour mobility for the following years could lead to a negative downturn on agricultural productivity (SEM).

scholarly journals SUPPORTING IMMIGRATION FOR AN ENHANCED AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
pp. 001
Author(s):  
Mirela Cristea ◽  
Gratiela Georgiana Noja ◽  
Constantin Stefan Ponea
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Labour Immigration

Given the amplitude of migration in Europe and its potential to encourage or hinder the agricultural development, the general objective of this paper is to assess this possible potential on the long term, within a sustainable development frame of reference. Along these lines, we have built up several scenarios that focus on the agricultural results attained by ten EU Member States mainly targeted by immigrants, throughout the 2020-2025 period (sustainable development extrapolation). We have elaborated a set of indicators and within a panel in order to implement the spatial analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM), as methodological endeavour. The results obtained, verified by testing four hypotheses, show that a positive tendency in terms of increased government agri-innovation support is revealed on the long run, through the economic (labour) migration. Our findings outline that conclusive results of labour immigration could reverse generating unbalances in the agricultural sector. Thus, the need to develop accurate tailored policies is more than necessary by acknowledging the complex problems of the rural areas and those of international migration, as well as the major discrepancies among countries and stronger socio-economic interconnections. 

scholarly journals European myriad of approaches to parasitic commercial practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka MacGregor Pelikánová
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Member States ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Unfair Commercial Practices Directive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The Post-Lisbon EU aims at smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth on the single internal market, as indicated by the Europe 2020. The interplay of the competition and consumer protection on such a market is subject to harmonization. The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive has been made in order to achieve a full harmonization in this respect in 2007. However, EU member states share different social, political, legal and economic traditions and their approaches to unfair competition, in particular if committed via parasitic commercial practices, are dramatically diverse. In such a context, is it feasible, effective and efficient to install a full harmonization?Purpose of the article: The primary purpose of this article is to describe and assess ap-proaches to unfair competition, in particular if committed via parasitic commercial practices, by the EU law and EU member states law. The secondary purpose is to study and evaluate possibilities for the feasible, effective and efficient harmonization, or their lack. Methods: The cross-disciplinary and multi-jurisdictional nature of this article, and its dual purposes, implies the use of Meta-Analysis, of the critical comparison of laws and the impact of their application, to the holistic perception of historical and national contexts, and to case studies. The primary and secondary sources are explored and the yield knowledge and data are confronted with the status quo. The dominating qualitative research and data are complemented by the quantitative research and data.Findings & Value added: The EU opted for an ambitious challenge to install via the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive a full harmonization of the regime against unfair commercial practices, including parasitic ones. The exploration pursuant to the duo of purposes suggests that the challenge is perhaps too ambitious and that the EU underestimated the dramatic diversity of approaches to unfair commercial practices, especially parasitic ones.

scholarly journals The specifics of applying value added tax for local authorities

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Miloš Grásgruber ◽  
Petra Mísařová
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Common System ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
The Impact

If local authorities units carry out an economic activity, are considered to be taxable under Act No. 235/2004 Coll., On Value Added Tax as amended. Adjustment of VAT in all countries of the European Union is based on Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax as amended. The application of this directive is binding for all EU member states and national treatment of VAT may diverge from the Directive only in cases where the Directive permits. Decisions of the European Court of Justice are of considerable importance during the interpretation of the Czech VAT Act.For the municipalities and regions article defines the activities that are considered to be an economic activity and activities that are deemed to exercise of public administration and are not therefore subject to VAT. Further the paper defines the concept of turnover of local authorities. At paper there are evaluating the impact of the application of VAT on municipalities and regions in the provision of the individual fulfillment. Great attention must municipalities and region devote to the problem of correct application of claim to tax deduction if they carry out the exercise of public administration, taxable activities and fulfillments exempt from VAT.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF REGULARITY OF CHANGES IN INDICATORS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY ON DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Consistent Assessment ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to investigate the current state and dynamics of technical, energy capacities, labor resources and wages in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises, the impact of these indicators on efficiency of agricultural production, indicators of development and competitiveness of products on the domestic and foreign markets. The moral and physical deterioration of the equipment available at the farms is determined, which does not contribute to the increase of labor productivity and to obtaining consistently high economic results. On the basis of the dynamics of the analyzed statistical data, the problem of providing agricultural producers with labor resources was confirmed against the background of deepening of depopulation processes in the countryside, which led to the deterioration of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human resources. Indicators of development and production rates of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine have been investigated, that showed a low level of innovation implementation. Mathematical formalization of the relationship between the dynamics of changes in the gross value added indicators and the volume of sales of agricultural products is carried out. Based on the analysis of innovative activity indicators in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and the consistent assessment of the adequacy of linear and nonlinear pair equations, the model specification is presented, which is presented in the form of linear pair regression, which confirms the existence of a direct link between changes in the volume of sales in the agrarian sector.

scholarly journals Innovative Development of the Agricultural Sector in the Visegrad Group Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Burdiuzha
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: Analysis of the innovative development trends of the agricultural sector in the Visegrad Group countries in 1995–2019. Investigation of the impact of innovation on value added to GDP by the sector and the patent activity. Materials and methods: Secondary data used in the current research were taken from Eurostat, World Bank and European Patent Office databases. They were analyzed by applying OLS models and Granger causality tests. Results: First, composition of R&D expenses in each Visegrad country was examined. Then its relationship to agricultural GDP and the number of the patents granted was tested by means of OLS models. Forecasting the relationship between variables examined was carried out by running Granger causality tests. Conclusions: There was a constant growth in agricultural innovation activity investment from 1995 to 2019. Nevertheless, the countries examined have not yet reached the EU’s objective concerning the R&D intensities. Innovation activity had a positive impact on the value added to GDP by agriculture and on the number of the patents granted.

scholarly journals FISCAL DYSFUNCTION OF VAT ELECTRONIC INVOICING IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Nataliya SYNYUTKA ◽  
Kateryna KRYSOVATA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fiscal Efficiency ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. During 2014–2017 VAT electronic invoicing was adopted in Ukraine, which allows for the automatic exchange of tax data between taxpayers and tax authorities. It was estimated the positive impact of e-invoicing reform on gross sales and purchases, tax liabilities across all firms, tax compliance etc. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of VAT e-invoicing on a fiscal efficiency of the tax. Methodological approaches to understand the essence and nature of the taxation of spending under the conditions of an innovative digital trend in society can be used to implement a fair fiscal policy in Ukraine. Methods. The author used scientific methods such as abstraction, deduction, comparison, analysis, systematization and others. It was used statistical data, data of tax authorities, data of the State Treasury Service of Ukraine. Results. It was established that e-invoicing in Ukraine increases VAT refund and improves its mechanism firstly. On the other hand, digital technologies positive effect on tax collection for imported goods and services in Ukraine. Despite that, the fiscal efficiency of VAT hasn`t increased. Conclusions. The lack of a positive impact of e- reform on value added tax collection in Ukraine was revealed. The main factors causing fiscal VAT dysfunction in Ukraine are: a significant shadow economy, the sale of goods and services to end-users using a simplified tax system, tax benefits for the rapidly growing agricultural sector, non-taxation of electronic goods and services. Digital tools, e-invoicing system should be supplemented by other reforms to improve revenue mobilization, enhance compliance.

scholarly journals Modeling the impact assessment of agricultural sector on economic development as a basis for the country’s investment potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Alina Bukhtiarova ◽  
Arsen Hayriyan ◽  
Victor Chentsov ◽  
Sergii Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In the context of countries integration into the world economic space, agricultural sector is one of the priorities and strategically important sectors of the national economy. Development of instruments aimed to increase investment potential of this sector is therefore an important component of the country’s economy growth. The article proposes a science-based model of the impact of the agricultural sector on the economic development level of countries trying to move towards European integration.It was found that the employment rate (+58.4) has the largest influence on the rate of GDP change in the studied group of countries (Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia). The impact of the gross value added of the manufacturing sector on its economic growth is positive (+44.6). The negative foreign direct investment ratio in the model (–40.3) may be due to the fact that the indicator in the studied countries is still largely influenced by the intervention of the state mechanism, significant uncertainty and risk, which is a deterrent to the overall economic development. An important result of the study was that foreign direct investment had a negative impact on economic growth in developing countries. Further development of the investment potential of a country’s agricultural sector provides for a radical acceleration of scientific and technological progress and, on this basis, a reduction in the cost of a unit of agricultural products and food and an increase in their competitiveness in the domestic and world markets.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN CHANGING THE ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Virchenko ◽  
Yuliia Pakhaieva
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Economic Specialization ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the study of the nature, features and significance of intellectual property in modern economic systems. The role of intellectual property in stimulating the development of the national economy and changing its specialization in the post-industrial era is analyzed. Authors underlined the fact that Ukraine faces the problem of changing economic specialization in the context of post-industrial transformations in order to ensure an advantageous position in the global competitive environment. The analysis shows that EU countries and the US are trying to export finished products with a high share of value added, while most of Ukraine's export basket is made up of raw materials, which gives our country a losing position in the global economic environment. The role of commercialization of intellectual property and investments in intellectual capital in the structural transformation of the economic system and the formation of the post-industrial system of production is substantiated. The impact of knowledge, information, innovations and intellectual property on the economic growth and competitiveness of the country in modern globalized consumer markets has been investigated. South Korea's experience in the commercialization of intellectual property and the formation of an effective model of specialization is considered. Results of research demonstrated that distinguishing tools as a component of intangible assets of enterprises turned into important factor of its competitiveness in the context of post-industrial transformations. China's experience in supporting the commercialization of intellectual property by creating industrial parks that accumulate foreign direct investment is studied. Analysis of statistics has proved key role of intellectual property in the modern system of public reproduction, and allows to identify a clear link between the volume and dynamics of investment in intellectual capital and profitability of innovative enterprises. The necessity to implement the state policy aimed at changing the economic specialization of Ukraine in the direction of forming a favorable institutional environment for the implementation of innovative and technological potential has been substantiated.

scholarly journals Spillover effects of unconventional monetary policy on capital markets in the shadow of the Eurozone: A sample of non-Eurozone countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
Mercédesz Mészáros ◽  
Gábor Dávid Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Currency Markets ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe transmission mechanism has been dominated by direct monetary measures since the crisis of 2008. While the indirect impacts of the unconventional monetary instruments have not been fully explored yet. Monetary policy and funding conditions determine pricing sentiments for bond, stock and currency markets, represented by the volatilities of their main indicators: stock market indices, exchange rates, and yield premia. Our theoretical model takes spillover effects into account when it determines the variables which are responsible for volatility: the activities of international financial institutions (like the ESM or the IMF) are represented by dummy variables, while the limited autonomy in the shadow of the ECB is captured through gravity-like approaches. Six EU member states outside the Eurozone and Switzerland were analysed between 2007 and 2019 with random effect panel regression models to identify the differences in the impact of spillover effects on capital market volatilities. The results obtained are considered to be useful in mapping the potential effects of continuing monetary easing in the near future.

scholarly journals Effect of VAT Adoption on Manufacturing Firms in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Soule Sow ◽  
Mesay Gebresilasse
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Revenue Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

To remedy their low fiscal capacity problem, many developing countries adopted value-added taxation because they believe it will raise tax revenue and improve the production efficiency of firms. In this paper, we study the impact of the adoption of the value-added tax (VAT) on firms by analyzing the introduction of VAT in Ethiopia in 2003 using panel data of manufacturing firms (1996-2009). By law, a firm is required to register for VAT if it is big (its revenue is higher than 500,000 Birr); otherwise, the firm is small and faces a much lower turnover tax rate. Using a difference in differences strategy with big firms as a treatment and small firms as control, and excluding firms that might potentially bunch around the threshold, we find taxes paid, reported revenue, taxes paid out of revenue, value-added, and raw materials use increase for big firms. However, the share of inputs in revenue fell suggesting VAT increased revenue efficiency by not production efficiency.

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