scholarly journals Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) demonstrate different patterns of genetic variation within and among populations on the eastern border of distribution ranges

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 522-532
Author(s):  
Artur Akhmetov ◽  
Ruslan Ianbaev ◽  
Svetlana Boronnikova ◽  
Yulai Yanbaev ◽  
Aygul Gabitova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Key Species

Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) is a key species of broadleaved forests whose population genetics is poorly studied using modern genetic tools. We used ISSR analysis to explore genetic diversity and differentiation among 10 Russian populations on the eastern margin of the species range of distribution, and to compare the revealed patterns with the results of our population genetic studies of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). In the first set comparatively high heterozygosity and allelic diversity were found (expected heterozygosity H<sub>E</sub> = 0.160 ± 0.033, number of alleles n<sub>a</sub> = 1.440 ± 0.080, effective number of alleles n<sub>e</sub> = 1.271 ± 0.062) in comparison with strongly fragmented and geographically isolated small maple stands of the second set (H<sub>E</sub> = 0.083 ± 0.011, n<sub>a</sub> = 1.281 ± 0.031, n<sub>e</sub> = 1.136 ± 0.019). A relatively high genetic differentiation among populations was detected (the proportion of the inter-population component of total genetic variation, G<sub>ST</sub> = 0.558 ± 0.038). In the Cis-Urals, local groups of populations that are confined to the northern, middle and southern parts of the Urals were identified. On the contrary, the current significant fragmentation of the pedunculate oak distribution area in the same study area did not lead to any noticeable genetic differentiation among the majority of populations, the values of the population genetic diversity were very similar in different parts of the Southern Urals.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Analysis of Pinus Koraiensis in China Inferred Using EST-SSR Markers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Minghui Zhao ◽  
Yujin Xu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Mulualem Tigabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Conifer Species

Abstract Background Pinus koraiensis (commonly known as Korean pine), is a well-known conifer species in China with high economic, ornamental and ecological values. More than 50% of the P. koraiensis forests in the world are distributed in Northeast China, a region with abundant germplasm resources. However, these natural P. koraiensis populations are in danger of genetic erosion caused by continuous climate changes and frequent human activity. Little work has been conducted on the population genetic structure and genetic differentiation of P. koraiensis in China. Here, representative individuals from 16 natural P. koraiensis populations were sampled and genotyped, and polymorphic expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were used to comprehensively evaluate genetic diversity, population structure and differentiation of P. koraiensis populations in China.ResultsA total of 480 samples from 16 populations were collected in the natural distribution area of P. koraiensis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the EST-SSR marker data showed that 33% of the total genetic variation was among populations and 67% was within populations. A high level of genetic diversity was found across P. koraiensis populations (average Na=10.33, Ne=2.514, He=0.521), and the highest levels of genetic diversity were found in Heihe (He=0.449), Zhanhe (He=0.413), Liangshui (He=0.370) and Tieli (He=0.414) populations. Moreover, pairwise Fst values reveled significant genetic differentiation among populations (mean Fst=0.177). Structure and Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree analyses and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed two genetic clusters: cluster 1 from Xiaoxinganling Mountains and cluster 2 from Changbaishan Mountains, which were consistent with the geographical distributions of the natural populations. ConclusionsThe findings provide new genetic information for future genome-wide association studies (GWAS), marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) in natural P. koraiensis breeding programs and can aid the development of conservation strategies for this valuable conifer species.

scholarly journals Patterns of genetic variation in leading-edge populations of Quercus robur: genetic patchiness due to family clusters

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Vakkari ◽  
Mari Rusanen ◽  
Juha Heikkinen ◽  
Tea Huotari ◽  
Katri Kärkkäinen
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Genetic Structures ◽  
Genetic Patchiness

Abstract The genetic structure of populations at the edge of species distribution is important for species adaptation to environmental changes. Small populations may experience non-random mating and differentiation due to genetic drift but larger populations, too, may have low effective size, e.g., due to the within-population structure. We studied spatial population structure of pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, at the northern edge of the species’ global distribution, where oak populations are experiencing rapid climatic and anthropogenic changes. Using 12 microsatellite markers, we analyzed genetic differentiation of seven small to medium size populations (census sizes 57–305 reproducing trees) and four populations for within-population genetic structures. Genetic differentiation among seven populations was low (Fst = 0.07). We found a strong spatial genetic structure in each of the four populations. Spatial autocorrelation was significant in all populations and its intensity (Sp) was higher than those reported in more southern oak populations. Significant genetic patchiness was revealed by Bayesian structuring and a high amount of spatially aggregated full and half sibs was detected by sibship reconstruction. Meta-analysis of isoenzyme and SSR data extracted from the (GD)2 database suggested northwards decreasing trend in the expected heterozygosity and an effective number of alleles, thus supporting the central-marginal hypothesis in oak populations. We suggest that the fragmented distribution and location of Finnish pedunculate oak populations at the species’ northern margin facilitate the formation of within-population genetic structures. Information on the existence of spatial genetic structures can help conservation managers to design gene conservation activities and to avoid too strong family structures in the sampling of seeds and cuttings for afforestation and tree improvement purposes.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation of Quercus robur in the South-Ural

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Degen ◽  
Ruslan Yanbaev ◽  
Yulai Yanbaev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
The South ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Abstract We studied the genetic composition of 200 pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) trees at nine nuclear microsatellite gene loci. We sampled nine locations in an area of 1100 km by 400 km in the South-Ural. The question was to analyse the genetic differentiation of the oaks at the south-east edge of the species distribution area. We observed relatively high values of genetic differentiation and fixation (delta=0.387, FST=0.0652, FST(Hedrick)=0.407) compared to values from the centre of the species distribution range. Bayesian clustering analysis revealed three genetic groups. Presence of all genetic groups was detected at all locations, but oak trees in the extreme east of the Ural Mountains were genetically most different. We hypothesise that genetic drift influenced the observed pattern.

scholarly journals Population genetic structure of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in Belarus according to the analysis of chloroplast DNA

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Padutov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
The Republic

Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the main forest forming species in the Republic of Belarus. Its population genetic structure was formed under the influence of various migration processes. Six chloroplast DNA loci (µdt1, µdt3, µdt4, µcd4, µcd5 and µkk4) were used for the genogeographic study. The material for the analysis was collected in 100 oak forest stands (2325 samples); 18 allelic variants were identified, which are grouped into 17 different combinations (haplotypes). Five of them are widespread (the proportion of occurrence varies from 7 to 48 %, totalling 85 %). The remaining 12 are rare (the proportion of occurrence varies from 1 to 3 %, totalling 15 %). Phylogenetic trees constructed using the nearest neighbour and maximum likelihood methods show the presence of two groups (branches) of haplotypes. One of it comprises 8 variants including 2 dominant haplotypes and the other comprises 9 variants including 3 dominant haplotypes. PCR-RFLP analysis of chloroplast DNA showed that the pedunculate oak in Belarus originates from the Balkan refugium. Haplotype No. 1 (µdt189, µdt3123, µdt4142, µcd494, µcd574, µkk4109) is found almost everywhere in Belarus with the exception of the southwest and northeast, while haplotype No. 8 (µdt189, µdt3121, µdt4142, µcd494, µcd574, µkk4109) is mainly localised in the southwest and northeast. Haplotypes No. 3 (µdt189, µdt3120, µdt4141, µcd494, µcd575, µkk4109) and No. 7 (µdt189, µdt3122, µdt4142, µcd494, µcd574, µkk4109) predominantly found in the west of the country. Haplotype No. 2 (µdt190, µdt3120, µdt4141, µcd495, µcd574, µkk4109) is typical for the southeast.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Structure and Diversity of Latvian Acer platanoides Populations Using Cross-Species Nuclear Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Dainis Edgars Ruņģis ◽  
Baiba Krivmane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Abstract Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple) is the most widespread native maple species in Europe, with a distribution from south and central Europe to northern Europe and Scandinavia. Acer platanoides is widespread throughout the territory of Latvia, and is mainly found in mixed broadleaf and conifer stands. The genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations was analysed. Sampled populations were located throughout the territory of Latvia, and were selected to represent a range of ecological conditions, with differing levels of anthropogenic impact. A total of 496 individuals from 21 populations were analysed with eight microsatellite markers, which were developed from related Acer species. The obtained molecular data revealed a moderate level of polymorphism, and the analysed Latvian A. platanoides populations were moderately differentiated. This study provides an initial assessment of the genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations, and is also one of the first reports of the analysis of A. platanoides populations using microsatellite markers. The results can be utilised to define A. platanoides genetic resource stands to ensure conservation of a wide range of germplasm.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of invasive Eurasian (Myriophyllum spicatum) and hybrid (Myriophyllum spicatum × Myriophyllum sibiricum) watermilfoil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Thum ◽  
Gregory M. Chorak ◽  
Raymond M. Newman ◽  
Jasmine A. Eltawely ◽  
Jo Latimore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Plant ◽  
Myriophyllum Sibiricum ◽  
Control Response ◽  
Herbicide Response

AbstractPopulation genetic studies of within- and among-population genetic variability are still lacking for managed submerged aquatic plant species, and such studies could provide important information for managers. For example, the extent of within-population genetic variation may influence the potential for managed populations to locally adapt to environmental conditions and control tactics. Similarly, among-population variation may influence whether specific control tactics work equally effectively in different locations. In the case of invasive Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), including interspecific hybrids with native northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom.), managers recognize that there is genetic variation for growth and herbicide response. However, it is unclear how much overall genetic variation there is, and how it is structured within and among populations. Here, we studied patterns of within- and among-lake genetic variation in 41 lakes in Michigan and 62 lakes in Minnesota using microsatellite markers. We found that within-lake genetic diversity was generally low, and among-lake genetic diversity was relatively high. However, some lakes were genetically diverse, and some genotypes were shared across multiple lakes. For genetically diverse lakes, managers should explicitly recognize the potential for genotypes to differ in control response and should account for this in monitoring and efficacy evaluation and using pretreatment herbicide screens to predict efficacy. Similarly, managers should consider differences in genetic composition among lakes as a source of variation in the growth and herbicide response of lakes with similar control tactics. Finally, laboratory or field information on control efficacy from one lake may be applied to other lakes where genotypes are shared among lakes.

Effects of habitat fragmentation on population genetic structure in the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A Mossman ◽  
Peter M Waser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
White Footed Mouse

Habitat fragmentation may have significant consequences for population genetic structure because geographic distance and physical barriers may impede gene flow. In this study, we investigated whether habitat fragmentation affects fine-scale genetic structure of populations of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). We studied 27 populations of P. leucopus, 17 in continuous forest and 10 in isolated woodlots. Populations were trapped in pairs that were either 500 or 2000 m apart. We estimated genetic variation at eight P. leucopus specific microsatellite DNA loci. We discovered significant genetic variation within all populations, but no significant differences in numbers of alleles or heterozygosity between populations. For given population pairs, we found significant genetic differentiation even at very short distances, based on multilocus FST estimates. The amount of genetic differentiation between population pairs was similar in the two habitats. Distance had a marginal effect on genetic differentiation when comparing paired populations separated by 2000 m with those separated by 500 m. However, at a larger geographic scale, there was no evidence of isolation by distance. This study confirms that microsatellite-based studies have the potential to detect interpopulation differentiation at an extremely local scale, and suggests that habitat fragmentation has surprisingly few effects on P. leucopus genetic structure.

Genetic variation in the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Southgate ◽  
Mark Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Data Support

The taxonomic status of and genetic diversity amongst extant populations of the greater bilby, Macrotis lagotis, were assessed using allozyme electrophoresis. A total of 47 bilbies sampled from three geographic areas and two captive colonies were screened for 42 loci, six of which were polymorphic. The results are consistent with the view that all extant populations represent a single biological species. All populations were genetically very similar (Nei D's 0.000 to 0.004) and overall levels of within-population genetic variability were low (Ho 0.004 � 0.004 to 0.0026 � 0.017). The allozyme data support the hypothesis that there has been no significant loss of variability in the captive colonies when compared to the species as a whole.

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