Syntactic means of expressing a possibility in the Tuvan language

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Ludmila A. Shamina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spread ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Functional Block ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modal Semantics ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Semantic Properties

Tuvan biverbal analytical constructions are fixed verb combinations characterized by specific morphosyntactic and semantic properties. They consist of a lexical verb in the form of a participle or participle and an auxiliary verb. This is an unchangeable part of the construction, - a constant. The paper discusses the syntactic means of expressing modal meanings in the functional block of possibilities in the Tuvan language in comparison with the Altaic and Khakass languages. One of these tools is analytical verbal constructions. The author characterizes these constructions with modal semantics of the possibility/impossibility to perform an action. The second component of such constructions can be expressed by grammatical and lexical means. Lexical means are modal words, particles. The grammatical means include infinite forms, modal verbs, and mood and voice forms. The function of the constructions under consideration is a verb predicate. With varying degrees of grammaticalization, they are included in the range of analytical constructions with a wide range of semantics, being a wide-spread, universal, flexible means of conveying the meanings of possibility/impossibility in the modern Tuvan language. Structurally, analytical constructions are a compact way of representing modal meanings, combining several meanings in one structure.

scholarly journals micrIO: An Open-Source Autosampler and Fraction Collector for Automated Microfluidic Input-Output

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Longwell ◽  
Polly M. Fordyce
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Fraction Collector ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Molecular Separations ◽  
Multiwell Plates

Microfluidic devices are an empowering technology for many labs, enabling a wide range of applications spanning high-throughput encapsulation, molecular separations, and long-term cell culture. In many cases, however, their utility is limited by a ‘world-to-chip’ barrier that makes it difficult to serially interface samples with these devices. As a result, many researchers are forced to rely on low-throughput, manual approaches for managing device input and output (IO) of samples, reagents, and effluent. Here, we present a hardware-software platform for automated microfluidic IO (micrIO). The platform, which is uniquely compatible with positive-pressure microfluidics, comprises an ‘AutoSipper’ for input and a Fraction Collector for output. To facilitate wide-spread adoption, both are open-source builds constructed from components that are readily purchased online or fabricated from included design files. The software control library, written in Python, allows the platform to be integrated with existing experimental setups and to coordinate IO with other functions such as valve actuation and assay imaging. We demonstrate these capabilities by coupling both the AutoSipper and Fraction Collector to a microfluidic device that produces beads with distinct spectral codes, and an analysis of the collected bead fractions establishes the ability of the platform to draw from and output to specific wells of multiwell plates with no detectable cross-contamination between samples.

Lemmatization of compound tenses in English

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-122
Author(s):  
Maurice Gross
Keyword(s):  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Compound Verbs ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

We generalize the process of lemmatization of verbs to their compound tenses. Usually, lemmatization is limited on verbs conjugated by means of suffixes; tense auxiliaries and modal verbs (e.g. I have left, I am leaving, I could leave) are ignored. We have constructed a set of 83 finite-state grammars which parse auxiliary verbs and thus recognizes the ‘head verb’, that is, the lemma. We generalize the notion of auxiliary verb to verbs with sentential complements which have transformed constructions (e.g. I want to go) that can be parsed in exactly the same way as tense auxiliaries or modal verbs. Ambiguities arise, in particular because adverbial inserts occur inside the compound verbs,. We show how local grammars describing nominal contexts can be used to reduce the degree of ambiguity.

scholarly journals From bodily posture to progressive aspect marker

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Najib Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Progressive Aspect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Aspectual Markers

AbstractThe fact that posture verbs tend to grammaticalize into aspectual markers of progressivity in a wide-range of (un)related languages makes them particularly interesting objects of study. The present paper aims to contribute to our understanding of how the active posture participle “yālis” (sitting) plus imperfective verb have come to express the progressive aspect in Emirati Arabic. The proposed answer to this puzzling question involves the claim that, crosslinguistically, progressive constructions are known to originate from locative constructions in which the agent is described as in the midst of an activity. The function of “yālis” (sitting) as an auxiliary verb - like appears to be the result of a grammaticalization process, as certain principles of grammaticalization such as desemanticization, extension, and decategorialization were found to apply to it. Data from Emirati Arabic variety suggest that the construction has undergone semantic and morphosyntatctic changes but retained its phonetic content. As part of the new construction, the active participle “yālis” (sitting) has also changed its argument structure.

scholarly journals Key issues and trends in the water policy literature

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chenoweth
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Citation Rate ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Broad Interest

Content analysis of 2 complete years of articles published in the journal Water Policy show that a wide spread of issues dominate the policy analysis discourse, with citations of the articles being spread across the thematic issues published. Few articles in the journal were particularly technical in nature but rather the journal has tended to publish articles which are more directly linked to water policy. Articles related broadly to institutional and regulatory reform were numerically the most significant in terms of the published content of the journal. Examination of the short-term citation rate of articles published did not show a significant bias towards any thematic issue covered by the journal, suggesting broad interest in the wide range of topics relating to water policy issues.

scholarly journals Flow cytometry as a valuable tool to study cyanobacteria:A mini-review

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Poniedziałek ◽  
Halina I. Falfushynska ◽  
Piotr Rzymski
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Photosynthetic Microorganisms

AbstractFlow cytometry (FCM) is routinely used in medical and veterinary diagnostics although it is also widely applied in environmental studies, including phytoplankton investigations. Cyanobacteria are wide-spread photosynthetic microorganisms that attract attention due to their ecology and potential toxicity. Therefore, novel research tools are being applied in their investigation. This paper characterizes FCM as a technique that enables photopigments (chlorophylls and phycocyanin) expressed by cyanobacteria to be excited and their emission to be subsequently detected. This feature not only allows cells to be counted in a rapid manner but also enables a wide range of potential applications in ecological and biochemical studies. The main advantages of FCM, such as rapid, automatic and precise measurements requiring small sample volumes, are also discussed in this paper along with challenges including analyses of filamentous cyanobacteria and signal overlapping. It is expected that FCM will continue to be used in some fields of cyanobacterial studies.

scholarly journals Acquiring Knowledge through Mobile Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini ◽  
Ezzadeen Kaed ◽  
Abdulsalam Alhazmi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Electronic Learning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Learning Options

The use of mobile devices is increasing to exceeds millions of users and has become an important part of daily life. This wide spread has provided new advantages for a wide range of applications. In learning settings, the term M-Learning is considered the latest type of electronic learning introduced as a result of the mobile revolution in which new learning options are provided through mobile applications. This paper presents a review of M-Learning and summarises the main advantages as well as the potential challenges of mobile learning through mobile applications

‘I wouldn’t think you might agree’

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-47
Author(s):  
Marta Degani ◽  
Anna Belladelli
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Pattern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Communicative Context

This study concerns objectivity, subjectivity and intersubjectivity in relation to the English central modal verbs. In order to refine the (inter)subjective status of modals from a synchronic perspective, it focuses on their possible uses within a specific communicative context where the SP/W needs to ‘modulate’ his/her own and/or other people’s point of view. A qualitative and quantitative corpus-based analysis has been carried out on the syntactic pattern Subject + Modal Verb + Mental Verb, to check whether and to what extent (inter)subjectivity occurs in the written medium. By means of a semantic-pragmatic analysis of the central modals within the selected pattern, a wide range of communicative strategies has been observed. Four main aims have been identified that the SP/W may have in mind when choosing to resort to (inter)subjectivity: namely, the expression of the SP/W’s point of view (EPV), the shaping of the AD/R’s line of reasoning (SLR), the imposition of the SP/W’s power on the AD/R (IP), and the communication of information (CI).

scholarly journals Old Slavic Sermon Language: The Extraordinary Nature of Verb Morphology in Cyril Turovskij’s Homilies

Slovene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg F. Zholobov
Keyword(s):  
13Th Century ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Language ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

The article’s subject matter—verbs functioning in the sermons of the Old Russian church writer Cyril Turovskij (second half of the 12th century)—is considered in details for the first time on the basis of the earliest source, Tolstovskij Sbornik (second half of the 13th century). Since Cyril’s sermons were addressed to a wide range of listeners and readers they had to be based on intelligible and simple language forms that also preserved a connection with literary standards. This manifested itself in the significant Russification of the preaching language. The article describes the following features of the language of Cyril’s sermons: the earliest and widespread usage of “praesens historicum”; the exclusive usage of aorist forms with additional endings (načętъ type); the special functional and syntactic nature of the aorist rěšę; the unusually wide usage of 2 Sg. aorist and imperfect forms; the usage of perfective imperfect forms and imperfects with additional endings; the prospective future tense and modal functioning of the paraphrastic forms with the auxiliary verb xoščè; special cases of 1 Pl. imperatives usage; the special character of the reflexive enclitic sę; and the extraordinary distribution of periphrastic preterits forms. Some similarity of verbs functioning in Cyril’s homilies and The Tale of Igor’s Campaign is detected as well as in the original Chronicle, early Old Russian translations, and Paroemiarion.

Genders and Classifiers

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Classifier Systems ◽  
Numeral Classifiers ◽  
Number Words ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Verbal Classifiers ◽  
And Function ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
High Diversity

Every language has some means of categorizing objects into humans, or animates, or by their shape, form, size, and function. The most wide-spread are linguistic genders—grammatical classes of nouns based on core semantic properties such as sex (female and male), animacy, humanness, and also shape and size. Classifiers of several types also serve to categorize entities. Numeral classifiers occur with number words, possessive classifiers appear in the expressions of possession, and verbal classifiers are used on a verb, categorizing its argument. Genders and classifiers of varied types can occur together. Their meanings reflect beliefs and traditions, and in many ways mirror the ways in which speakers view the ever-changing reality. This volume elaborates on the expression, usage, history, and meanings of noun categorization devices, exploring their various facets across the languages of South America and Asia, known for the diversity of their noun categorization. The volume starts with a typological introduction outlining the types of noun categorization devices, their expression, scope, and functions, in addition to the socio-cultural aspects of their use, and their development. It is followed by revised versions of eight papers focussing on gender and classifier systems in two areas of high diversity—South America (with a focus on Amazonia) and Asia.

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