scholarly journals From bodily posture to progressive aspect marker

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Najib Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Progressive Aspect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Aspectual Markers

AbstractThe fact that posture verbs tend to grammaticalize into aspectual markers of progressivity in a wide-range of (un)related languages makes them particularly interesting objects of study. The present paper aims to contribute to our understanding of how the active posture participle “yālis” (sitting) plus imperfective verb have come to express the progressive aspect in Emirati Arabic. The proposed answer to this puzzling question involves the claim that, crosslinguistically, progressive constructions are known to originate from locative constructions in which the agent is described as in the midst of an activity. The function of “yālis” (sitting) as an auxiliary verb - like appears to be the result of a grammaticalization process, as certain principles of grammaticalization such as desemanticization, extension, and decategorialization were found to apply to it. Data from Emirati Arabic variety suggest that the construction has undergone semantic and morphosyntatctic changes but retained its phonetic content. As part of the new construction, the active participle “yālis” (sitting) has also changed its argument structure.

Constructions of uncontrolled state or event

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Elvira
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Old Spanish ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Semantic Values

Spanish and other Romance languages inherited from Latin the seeds of a new construction that is common to the syntax of some verbs belonging to the field of emotions, feelings, pain or modality. The semantic values of this construction are strange to prototypical transitivity and are coupled with a marked argument structure, compared with the more common transitive sentence. In the early centuries of the history of Spanish only a few verbs were integrated in the new scheme, which could receive an experience, modal or quantitative meaning, depending on an analogical association with certain frequent verbs. As the construction gained productivity, the importance of these few specific verbs as models for the newly integrated ones was reduced and the construction as a whole was understood in a more general sense of uncontrolled state or event. This paper provides a history of the construction in its different stages and tries to uncover the mechanism and factors that favored the increase in its productivity over the centuries. It also attempts to understand these facts from a typological standpoint, as an effect of some kind of a transitivity split that took place in Old Spanish, which gave rise to a type of marked construction, associated to some specific verbs.

scholarly journals A semantic analysis of modal DE 得 in pre-modern Chinese

Lingua Sinica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Barbara Meisterernst
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Semantic Constraints ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Archaic Chinese ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Sinitic Languages

Abstract In this paper, the lexical semantics of the pre-modal verb 得 dé and its development into a modal auxiliary will be discussed. Two different positions are available for the modal dé, the default preverbal position of modal auxiliary verbs and a post-verbal position. The analysis of the event and the argument structure of the lexical verb dé reveals that the different modal uses of dé originate from its functions as an achievement verb. In this regard, dé clearly differs from the other verbs of possibility in Late Archaic Chinese. The particular syntacto-semantic constraints of dé can account for its development into both a modal auxiliary verb, and for the particular functions it develops in the Modern Sinitic languages as a postverbal modal marker.

scholarly journals Old Slavic Sermon Language: The Extraordinary Nature of Verb Morphology in Cyril Turovskij’s Homilies

Slovene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg F. Zholobov
Keyword(s):  
13Th Century ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Language ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

The article’s subject matter—verbs functioning in the sermons of the Old Russian church writer Cyril Turovskij (second half of the 12th century)—is considered in details for the first time on the basis of the earliest source, Tolstovskij Sbornik (second half of the 13th century). Since Cyril’s sermons were addressed to a wide range of listeners and readers they had to be based on intelligible and simple language forms that also preserved a connection with literary standards. This manifested itself in the significant Russification of the preaching language. The article describes the following features of the language of Cyril’s sermons: the earliest and widespread usage of “praesens historicum”; the exclusive usage of aorist forms with additional endings (načętъ type); the special functional and syntactic nature of the aorist rěšę; the unusually wide usage of 2 Sg. aorist and imperfect forms; the usage of perfective imperfect forms and imperfects with additional endings; the prospective future tense and modal functioning of the paraphrastic forms with the auxiliary verb xoščè; special cases of 1 Pl. imperatives usage; the special character of the reflexive enclitic sę; and the extraordinary distribution of periphrastic preterits forms. Some similarity of verbs functioning in Cyril’s homilies and The Tale of Igor’s Campaign is detected as well as in the original Chronicle, early Old Russian translations, and Paroemiarion.

A Perfect Marker in Israeli Sign Language

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irit Meir
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Past Time ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
The One ◽  
Aspectual Markers ◽  
Core Meaning ◽  
Prior Event

In this paper I argue for the existence of an aspectual marker in Israeli Sign Language (ISL) denoting perfect constructions. This marker is the sign glossed as ALREADY. Though this sign often occurs in past time contexts, I argue that it is a perfect-aspect marker and not a past tense marker. This claim is supported by the following observations: (a) ALREADY can co-occur with past, present and future time adverbials; (b) its core meaning is to relate a resultant state to a prior event; (c) it occurs much more in dialogues than in narrative contexts. Further examination of the properties and functions of ALREADY in the language reveals that it shares many properties with perfect constructions in other languages. In addition, it is shown that the co-occurrence of ALREADY with various time adverbials, as well as with the durational aspectual modulation, gives rise to a rich aspectual system in the language. This aspectual system is compared to similar systems in other languages. The ISL system turns out to be very different from that of Hebrew on the one hand, while showing significant similarities to that of ASL. However, there are also some differences between ISL and ASL aspectual markers, which might be due to the relative youth of ISL, and to the different source for the aspectual marker: a verbin the case of ASL, and an adverb in ISL.

On the origin of auxiliary do

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

Prevailing theories link the English periphrastic auxiliary verb do historically with Old and Middle English causative do. I argue that these and other accounts are inconsistent with modern dialect evidence and an analysis of the historical record suggested by that evidence. The primary source of periphrastic do was a habitual aspect marker which itself arose from the reinterpretation of bare object nominalizations as infinitive verbs.1

scholarly journals Processing Aspectual Agreement in an Inflexionless Language: An ERP Study of Mandarin Chinese

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Yuxin Hao ◽  
Xun Duan ◽  
Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Progressive Aspect ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Aspect Markers

This is a study of the collocation of Chinese verbs with different lexical aspects and aspect markers. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we explored the processing of aspect violation sentences. In the experiment, we combined verbs of various lexical aspect types with the progressive aspect marker zhe, and the combination of the achievement verbs and the progressive aspect marker zhe constituted the sentence’s aspect violation. The participants needed to judge whether a sentence was correct after it was presented. Finally, we observed and analyzed the components of ERPs. The results suggest that when the collocation of aspect markers and lexical aspect is ungrammatical, the N400-like and P600 are elicited on aspect markers, while the late AN is elicited by the word after the aspect marker. P600 and N400-like show that the collocation of Chinese verbs with various lexical aspects and aspect markers involve not only syntactic processing, but also the semantic processing; and the late AN may have been due to the syntax revision and the conclusion at the end of sentences.

scholarly journals Design and development of SEPIC DC-DC boost converter for photovoltaic application

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alhamrouni ◽  
M. K. Rahmat ◽  
F. A. Ismail ◽  
Mohamed Salem ◽  
Awang Jusoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Photovoltaic Application ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Power Switch ◽  
High Voltage Gain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Construction

This study highlights a new construction of SEPIC DC-DC converter. The proposed converter aims for some features such as high voltage gain, continuous input current and reduce stress on the power switch. In addition, the circuit construction ensurs the simplicity in design along with signicant cost saving, since its components are readily available and smaller in size compared to the off-shelf components. This type of converter can adjust the DC voltage to maintain its output voltage to be constant. Typically, SEPIC operated in equipment that uses battery and also in wide range input voltage DC power supply. The converter is designed for renewable energy application where it is able to regulate the output voltage of the Photovoltaic (PV). The converter has been analysed based on different switching frequencies and duty cycle. Thus the outcome of the proposed converter can be achieved by using D=0.45 and fs=30 kHz. The proposed converter is supplied by 26V as an input voltage and produces 300V output and gives 94% of efficiency.

scholarly journals Study of design and research of new welding manipulators on the example of an L-type positioner

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Paweł Cegielski ◽  
Dariusz Golański ◽  
Paweł Kołodziejczak ◽  
Andrzej Kolasa ◽  
Tadeusz Sarnowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Working Space ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Load Capacity

The development, testing and implementation of a new construction of a multi-axis L-type welding positioner designed to work with an industrial robot, distinguished by a wide range of movements, high load capacity and working space is a difficult task. Due to the special, unique nature of this type of devices, their research is not the subject of dedicated standards and detailed descriptions of literature and, are based primarily on their own manufacturers' procedures. The article traces the creative process in the development and implementation of the "L" positioner as part of the research and development of new types of machines at PPU "ZAP Robotics" in Ostrów Wielkopolski in cooperation with the Department of Welding Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology.

scholarly journals Editorial Note

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-227
Author(s):  
Elena Lieven
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Editorial Note ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mark Johnson ◽  
Extended Review

This issue contains a new Review Article and Discussion section. The idea is to ask a leading researcher to contribute an article which can either be a review of a field or an extended book review and to then ask for commentaries on the piece by other researchers. In this issue the section consists of a commentary by Michael Tomasello on Adele Goldberg's Constructions: a construction grammar approach to argument structure together with twelve commentaries and a reply. The next of these sections will be an extended review by Matthew Rispoli of Rethinking innateness: a connectionist perspective on development by Jeffrey Elman, Elizabeth Bates, Mark Johnson, Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Domenico Parisis and Kim Plunkett. I very much hope that readers will find the new section an interesting and useful contribution to theoretical and methodological discussion in the field. Of course the success of this venture depends on contributions from a wide range of theoretical perspectives and on people's willingness to make these contributions even where they sharply disagree with the thesis of the review article.

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