scholarly journals The Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language as a Reflection of Economic Change: Semantic Dynamics of Words with the Root Torg-

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Roman I. Vorontsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Differentiation ◽  
Historic Change ◽  
Text Illustrations ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the dynamics of a fragment of the Russian linguistic worldview projected onto the experience of academic lexicography. Based on the data extracted from the three editions of the Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language (also referred to as the Dictionary), which serves as a reflection of the 80-yearlong history of the Soviet and Russian society, the sociocultural dynamics of a conceptual view of economy and trade is uncovered through its lexical, semantic and lexicographic realization. The aim of the research is to analyze the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- [trade] based on the Dictionary data. This includes the study of the lexicographic interpretation of these words as well as the justification of new lexicographic solutions. The key attention is paid to a number of polysemantic words: torg, torgovat’, torgovat’sya, torgovlya, torgovyy. In the course of the research, the method of componential semantic analysis is applied together with the comparison of the entries from different editions of the Dictionary and with the selection of text illustrations by means of linguistic corpora. Two aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- are discussed: 1) reflection of lexicographic principles adopted by the authors of the Dictionary and 2) lexical and semantic objectivation of the Russian linguistic worldview. The first aspect is represented by the trend of semantic differentiation typical of the Dictionary and manifested in both enlargement and specification of the word semantic structure. Syncretic meanings that can be seen in the first edition are later splintered into separate meanings or even shades of meaning (torgash, torgashestvo, torgovat’). The sociocultural dynamics is presented by a number of linguistic trends. The first trend is generating new collocations, and the adjective torgovyy shows here the highest productivity. Adjacent to it stands the active formation of compound words beginning with torgovo-. The second (controversial) trend is obsolescence of words and meanings: notions of the Soviet economy are going out of use (torg as a ‘trade institution’). The third trend is actualization of obsolete words and meanings, which is often only illusive. In the Soviet period, many notions of economy were considered inadmissible or typical of the Czarist era, hence, these words were defined as obsolete ones. However, the historic change of the early 1990s showed that this part of vocabulary was always commonly used, even in the Soviet texts that could not serve as a source of illustrations due to censorship. Thus, the considered aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with the root torg- demonstrate the general way of conceptualizing the economic sphere by the Russians. It is mainly reflected in the social revaluation of the market relations, trade, and entrepreneurship. The lexical and semantic objectivation of this revaluation requires shrewd lexicographic solutions.

Connotative proper names of the post-Soviet period: features of understanding and reproducibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kryukova ◽  
◽  
Oksana V. Vrublevskaya ◽  
Tamara V. Khvesko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the proper names that have changed or acquired emotional and evaluative connotations over the last 30 years (the connotative names used in a figurative sense in the texts of different genres). The experiment, 200 respondents from Volgograd and Tyumen involved two stages: first, the degree of names recognition was determined, second, the level of reproducibility of these names in a figurative meaning was identified. Socio-political situation changes tend to lead to significant semantic shifts in the meaning of well-known connotative names. Of particular relevance is the post-Soviet period, a new stage in the history of modern Russia, due to having affected both the economic and political processes in the country and the value priorities of Russian society reflected in the language of the last three decades. Psycholinguistic methods for studying lexical semantics, namely, the method of addition and synonymous replacement and the method of restoring incomplete utterance, were applied to establish the features of understanding and reproducibility of connotative names of the post-Soviet period by native speakers of the Russian language. The results allow ranking the names according to the degree of recognition (low, medium, or high) and marking the levels of reproducibility (names with stable or lost connotations). The regional and age peculiarities of understanding and reproducing the connotative names of the post-Soviet period are noted. The prospects and relevance of the lexicographic description of the connotative names are determined.

scholarly journals The Concept of " Muzh" (Husband): Motivating Signs

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-524
Author(s):  
A. M. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
European Language ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Big Men

This article presents a historical and etymological analysis of the motivating signs of the concept of "muzh" (husband) in the Russian language. Primary signs of the concept make up the internal form of a word and serves as the basis for new cognitive signs. Actual motivating signs appear first as conceptual ones and later as functional, evaluative, symbolic, and figurative. The primary motivating sign is "man": it is the oldest one and goes back to the pre-Indo-European language. The analysis of etymological dictionaries revealed 42 motivating signs. The article provides examples of the representation of this concept in the literature, including the modern one. Etymological and historical-etymological dictionaries revealed the following motivating signs of the concept of "muzh" (husband): a man; a male spouse; an adult man; a man that understands; a scientist; an ancestor; an Amazon female warrior; an age; people; community member; a serious man; a citizen; a brave man; a strong man; a fighter, a warrior; an ordinary man; a hero; a male celebrity; a respected, venerable man; a public figure; a witness; a free man; a peasant, a farmer; a feudal-dependent peasant; a peasant (low status in legal relations); to man oneself; a person with unnaturally large manhood; a male specimen; an attendant of a tsar, king, or prince, a noble man; a servant of a prince, a warrior in the prince’s squad; a divine husband; a man of desire; a blood man, a murderer; big men (a privileged part of the free population in Ancient Russia); young men (a less privileged part of the free population in Ancient Russia); nobleman (a great man); a member of household; a servant; a hand (worker); a slave; someone who is ready. Such a long list of motivating signs confirms the ancient history of the concept and its socio-cultural significance in the Russian linguistic worldview.

Semantics of the Lexeme khram in Language and Text (Based on Russian Orthodox Sermons)

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Karina S. Khosrovyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
The Russian Language

This article scrutinizes the semantic structure of the lexeme khram (‘church’) in the Russian language. The paper is relevant due to the need to describe and analyse key lexemes in the Russian linguistic worldview. A special place among such units is occupied by religious words, including khram. Russian linguists’ turning to religious vocabulary elucidates the value of these words, which for a long time had been banned for well-known reasons. Currently, religious vocabulary is studied in different aspects: the history of individual words; the development of the semantics of specific lexemes and their functioning in various texts; the linguistic and cultural features of using religiously marked language units; religious concepts playing an important role in shaping the linguistic worldview, etc. In this paper, using the descriptive method and the comparative analysis of lexicographic sources and texts of sermons, the author characterized some peculiarities of the semantics of khram. The research showed that this word’s semantics is not confined to the meanings found in dictionary entries, which are clear and comprehensible to all members of a certain speech community. Noteworthy, linguoculturological information is not included in dictionary definitions. At the same time, a word belonging to the religious sphere is connected with a whole range of religious and cultural meanings. By studying the functioning of the lexeme khram in the texts we can trace the changes in its meanings and semantic content.

scholarly journals Ilya Heifetz’s violin concerto: revisiting the issue of the Jewish national identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Galina Aleksandrovna Cheremnykh
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
Academic Genre ◽  
The Russian Language

The article considers the instrumental creative work of a modern Russian-Israely composer Ilya Heifetz. His life and creative experience has two definite stages: Russian (before 1991) and Israely, and each of them is marked with the problem of reconsidering national roots in life and work. One of the examples of addressing this problem in Heifetz’s compositions of the Soviet period is his violin concerto. The author of the research considers the composer’s combination of the patterns of the academic genre and the intonational and structural peculiarities of Jewish folklore as an attempt to comprehend his national identity. The intonation and thematic analysis of the concerto compared with the composer’s statements distilled from his personal letters allows concluding about the presence of a concealed program revealing the problem of the history of the Jewish people and national character and reflecting the peculiarities of comprehension of their national identity by the subethnic group of Russian Jews. Since the main characteristic of this subethnic group is the Russian language and Russian culture perceived through it, the author of the research focuses on the way the peculiarities of the Russian composing school manifest themselves in this piece of music based on the Jewish intonations and genres.   

THE STAGES OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE NEWEST PERIOD OF ITS HISTORY (AT THE TURN OF XX-XXI CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
О.В. Загоровская
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language

Статья посвящена проблемам типологических особенностей новейшего периода истории русского языка, начавшегося во второй половине 80-х годов XX в. и продолжающегося до настоящего времени. Целью исследования является выделение темпоральных составляющих названного периода и определение их сущностных характеристик. На основе сопоставительного анализа развития русской лингвокультуры в последние десятилетия XX в. и первые десятилетия XXI в. сделаны выводы о неоднородности новейшего периода развития русского языка и возможности выделения в нем двух этапов: «постсоветского» (с середины 80-х годов XX в. до начала нового тысячелетия) и «собственно новейшего» (первые десятилетия XXI в.). Доказано, что названные этапы различаются и причинами языковых изменений, и их содержательными характеристиками. Если на первом («постсоветском») этапе развитие русской лингвокультуры определялось прежде всего общественными процессами внутри России, то на втором («собственно новейшем») этапе основными причинами языкового развития становятся процессы глобализации, а также виртуализации («цифровизации)» общения. При этом «собственно новейший» этап современного периода развития русского языка характеризуется не только известными изменениями в языковой системе (прежде всего - на лексико-семантическом уровне), а также изменениями в общем характере функционирования русского языка, но также и принципиальными изменениями в структуре форм бытования русского языка и возникновением новых модусов его существования, прежде всего - мультимодусной русской цифровой речи. Результаты исследования расширяют представления о развитии русского языка на рубеже XX-XXI вв., динамических процессах в его организации и функционировании. Материалы и выводы работы могут найти применение в научных исследованиях в области русистики, а также в практике преподавания русского языка. The article is devoted to the problems of typological features of the latest period of the history of the Russian language which began in the second half of the1980s and continues up to now. The purpose of the research is to identify the temporal components of the named period and determine their essential characteristics. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the development of Russian linguistic culture in the last decades of the 20 century and the first decades of the 21 century conclusions are drawn about the heterogeneity of the recent period of the Russian language development and the possibility of distinguishing two stages in it: "post-Soviet" (from the middle of the 1980s to the beginning of the new Millennium) and "actually modern" (the first decades of the 21 century). It is proved that these stages differ both in the causes of language changes and their content characteristics. Whereas at the first ("post-Soviet") stage the development of Russian linguistic culture was determined primarily by social processes within Russia, at the second ("actually modern") stage the main causes of language development are the processes of globalization, as well as the virtualization ("digitalization)" of communication. The "newest" stage of the modern period of development of the Russian language is characterized not only by certain changes in the language system (primarily at the lexical and semantic level), as well as changes in the General nature of the functioning of the Russian language, but also by fundamental changes in the structure of the forms of Russian language existence and the emergence of new modes of its existence, primarily multi - modus Russian digital speech. The results of the research expand the understanding of the development of the Russian language on the boundary of the 20 - 21 centuries, the dynamic processes in its organization and functioning. The materials and conclusions of the work can be used in scientific research in the field of Russian studies, as well as in the practice of teaching the Russian language.

THE CORE AND PERIPHERY OF THE CURRENT CULTURE OF ARTISTIC CREATION ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE STUDENTS’ VIEWS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-149
Author(s):  
Elena N. NARKHOVA ◽  
Dmitry Yu. NARKHOV
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Student Culture ◽  
The Core ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Student ◽  
Historical Periods

This article analyzes the degree of demand for works of art (films and television films and series, literary and musical works, works of monumental art) associated with the history of the Great Patriotic War among contemporary students. This research is based on the combination of two theories, which study the dynamics and statics of culture in the society — the theory of the nucleus and periphery by Yu. M. Lotman and the theory of actual culture by L. N. Kogan. The four waves of research (2005, 2010, 2015, 2020) by the Russian Society of Socio¬logists (ROS) have revealed a series of works in various genres on this topic in the core structure and on the periphery of the current student culture; this has also allowed tracing the dynamics of demand and the “movement” of these works in the sociocultural space. The authors introduce the concept of the archetype of the echo of war. The high student recognition of works of all historical periods (from wartime to the present day) is shown. A significant complex of works has been identified, forming two contours of the periphery. Attention is drawn to the artistic work of contemporary students as a way to preserve the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War. This article explains the necessity of preserving the layer of national culture in order to reproduce the national identity in the conditions of informational and ideological pluralism of the post-Soviet period. The authors note the differentiation of youth due to the conditions and specifics of socialization in the polysemantic sociocultural space.

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