Connotative proper names of the post-Soviet period: features of understanding and reproducibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kryukova ◽  
◽  
Oksana V. Vrublevskaya ◽  
Tamara V. Khvesko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the proper names that have changed or acquired emotional and evaluative connotations over the last 30 years (the connotative names used in a figurative sense in the texts of different genres). The experiment, 200 respondents from Volgograd and Tyumen involved two stages: first, the degree of names recognition was determined, second, the level of reproducibility of these names in a figurative meaning was identified. Socio-political situation changes tend to lead to significant semantic shifts in the meaning of well-known connotative names. Of particular relevance is the post-Soviet period, a new stage in the history of modern Russia, due to having affected both the economic and political processes in the country and the value priorities of Russian society reflected in the language of the last three decades. Psycholinguistic methods for studying lexical semantics, namely, the method of addition and synonymous replacement and the method of restoring incomplete utterance, were applied to establish the features of understanding and reproducibility of connotative names of the post-Soviet period by native speakers of the Russian language. The results allow ranking the names according to the degree of recognition (low, medium, or high) and marking the levels of reproducibility (names with stable or lost connotations). The regional and age peculiarities of understanding and reproducing the connotative names of the post-Soviet period are noted. The prospects and relevance of the lexicographic description of the connotative names are determined.

scholarly journals The Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language as a Reflection of Economic Change: Semantic Dynamics of Words with the Root Torg-

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Roman I. Vorontsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Differentiation ◽  
Historic Change ◽  
Text Illustrations ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the dynamics of a fragment of the Russian linguistic worldview projected onto the experience of academic lexicography. Based on the data extracted from the three editions of the Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language (also referred to as the Dictionary), which serves as a reflection of the 80-yearlong history of the Soviet and Russian society, the sociocultural dynamics of a conceptual view of economy and trade is uncovered through its lexical, semantic and lexicographic realization. The aim of the research is to analyze the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- [trade] based on the Dictionary data. This includes the study of the lexicographic interpretation of these words as well as the justification of new lexicographic solutions. The key attention is paid to a number of polysemantic words: torg, torgovat’, torgovat’sya, torgovlya, torgovyy. In the course of the research, the method of componential semantic analysis is applied together with the comparison of the entries from different editions of the Dictionary and with the selection of text illustrations by means of linguistic corpora. Two aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- are discussed: 1) reflection of lexicographic principles adopted by the authors of the Dictionary and 2) lexical and semantic objectivation of the Russian linguistic worldview. The first aspect is represented by the trend of semantic differentiation typical of the Dictionary and manifested in both enlargement and specification of the word semantic structure. Syncretic meanings that can be seen in the first edition are later splintered into separate meanings or even shades of meaning (torgash, torgashestvo, torgovat’). The sociocultural dynamics is presented by a number of linguistic trends. The first trend is generating new collocations, and the adjective torgovyy shows here the highest productivity. Adjacent to it stands the active formation of compound words beginning with torgovo-. The second (controversial) trend is obsolescence of words and meanings: notions of the Soviet economy are going out of use (torg as a ‘trade institution’). The third trend is actualization of obsolete words and meanings, which is often only illusive. In the Soviet period, many notions of economy were considered inadmissible or typical of the Czarist era, hence, these words were defined as obsolete ones. However, the historic change of the early 1990s showed that this part of vocabulary was always commonly used, even in the Soviet texts that could not serve as a source of illustrations due to censorship. Thus, the considered aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with the root torg- demonstrate the general way of conceptualizing the economic sphere by the Russians. It is mainly reflected in the social revaluation of the market relations, trade, and entrepreneurship. The lexical and semantic objectivation of this revaluation requires shrewd lexicographic solutions.

scholarly journals Objectification of the superconcept «ideology» in the publicistic discours: diachronic aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
S. Baimamyrov ◽  
◽  
B. Tungushbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The authors considers the phraseological — periphrastic combination in the conceptospher of the superсonсept «ideology» that exist in the minds of members of social groups in the form of linguistic representations, define group identity and are included in the body of political lexicon, as one of the highlights of the Russian language will the Soviet / post-Soviet period. Our research is devoted to an actual problem of the modern linguistic science — cognitive theory, particularly to structure and semantic study of the superconcept «ideology». In the article described over phrase combinations OPHC of the Russian language, verbalizing this concept in publicistic discourse of the Soviet and beginning of the Post Soviet periods. Theoretical importance of the offered research is defined by the development of the Russian language conceptosphere theory, author’s attempt to work out OPhC theory, ordering principles, underlining and describing them in pragma linguistic aspectpractical. The authors of the article also present various schemes and tables, illustrating the theoretical provisions of the work.

scholarly journals Ilya Heifetz’s violin concerto: revisiting the issue of the Jewish national identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Galina Aleksandrovna Cheremnykh
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
Academic Genre ◽  
The Russian Language

The article considers the instrumental creative work of a modern Russian-Israely composer Ilya Heifetz. His life and creative experience has two definite stages: Russian (before 1991) and Israely, and each of them is marked with the problem of reconsidering national roots in life and work. One of the examples of addressing this problem in Heifetz’s compositions of the Soviet period is his violin concerto. The author of the research considers the composer’s combination of the patterns of the academic genre and the intonational and structural peculiarities of Jewish folklore as an attempt to comprehend his national identity. The intonation and thematic analysis of the concerto compared with the composer’s statements distilled from his personal letters allows concluding about the presence of a concealed program revealing the problem of the history of the Jewish people and national character and reflecting the peculiarities of comprehension of their national identity by the subethnic group of Russian Jews. Since the main characteristic of this subethnic group is the Russian language and Russian culture perceived through it, the author of the research focuses on the way the peculiarities of the Russian composing school manifest themselves in this piece of music based on the Jewish intonations and genres.   

scholarly journals Russian as a native language in the post-Soviet space in comparison with the results of the 1989 census

2021 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Andrei Manakov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Post Soviet Period ◽  
Post Soviet Space

In the post-Soviet period, there was a significant narrowing of the Russian language distribution space. The aim of the study is to identify the changes that have taken place since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the level of the post-Soviet countries in the number and proportion of people who named Russian their native language. The novelty of this study is based on the level of regions in the post-Soviet space and the analysis of the dynamics of such indicators as to the share of the non-Russian population, who named Russian their native language. Almost all post-Soviet states experienced a decrease in the number and share of the Russian-speaking population. Currently, the minimum indicators of the proportion of Russians and Russian-speaking people are characterized by the states of Transcaucasia, as well as Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. The biggest losses in the post-Soviet period of both the Russian and Russian-speaking population, in relative terms, were experienced by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. A special dynamics of these indicators have developed in two states — in the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine. In these countries, the part of the biethnic population that adopted the identity of the titular ethnic group retained the Russian language. Russian, for example, has declined more rapidly in Ukraine than in the categories of people who consider Russian as their native language, and this has led to a decline in the number and share of the Russian population. The situation in the Republic of Belarus, which is unique in the post-Soviet space, was the result of the 1995 referendum that established the status of the state language for Russian. As a result, along with the decrease in the Russian population in the Republic of Belarus, there has been a significant increase in the category of citizens who named Russian their native language.

THE STAGES OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE NEWEST PERIOD OF ITS HISTORY (AT THE TURN OF XX-XXI CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
О.В. Загоровская
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language

Статья посвящена проблемам типологических особенностей новейшего периода истории русского языка, начавшегося во второй половине 80-х годов XX в. и продолжающегося до настоящего времени. Целью исследования является выделение темпоральных составляющих названного периода и определение их сущностных характеристик. На основе сопоставительного анализа развития русской лингвокультуры в последние десятилетия XX в. и первые десятилетия XXI в. сделаны выводы о неоднородности новейшего периода развития русского языка и возможности выделения в нем двух этапов: «постсоветского» (с середины 80-х годов XX в. до начала нового тысячелетия) и «собственно новейшего» (первые десятилетия XXI в.). Доказано, что названные этапы различаются и причинами языковых изменений, и их содержательными характеристиками. Если на первом («постсоветском») этапе развитие русской лингвокультуры определялось прежде всего общественными процессами внутри России, то на втором («собственно новейшем») этапе основными причинами языкового развития становятся процессы глобализации, а также виртуализации («цифровизации)» общения. При этом «собственно новейший» этап современного периода развития русского языка характеризуется не только известными изменениями в языковой системе (прежде всего - на лексико-семантическом уровне), а также изменениями в общем характере функционирования русского языка, но также и принципиальными изменениями в структуре форм бытования русского языка и возникновением новых модусов его существования, прежде всего - мультимодусной русской цифровой речи. Результаты исследования расширяют представления о развитии русского языка на рубеже XX-XXI вв., динамических процессах в его организации и функционировании. Материалы и выводы работы могут найти применение в научных исследованиях в области русистики, а также в практике преподавания русского языка. The article is devoted to the problems of typological features of the latest period of the history of the Russian language which began in the second half of the1980s and continues up to now. The purpose of the research is to identify the temporal components of the named period and determine their essential characteristics. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the development of Russian linguistic culture in the last decades of the 20 century and the first decades of the 21 century conclusions are drawn about the heterogeneity of the recent period of the Russian language development and the possibility of distinguishing two stages in it: "post-Soviet" (from the middle of the 1980s to the beginning of the new Millennium) and "actually modern" (the first decades of the 21 century). It is proved that these stages differ both in the causes of language changes and their content characteristics. Whereas at the first ("post-Soviet") stage the development of Russian linguistic culture was determined primarily by social processes within Russia, at the second ("actually modern") stage the main causes of language development are the processes of globalization, as well as the virtualization ("digitalization)" of communication. The "newest" stage of the modern period of development of the Russian language is characterized not only by certain changes in the language system (primarily at the lexical and semantic level), as well as changes in the General nature of the functioning of the Russian language, but also by fundamental changes in the structure of the forms of Russian language existence and the emergence of new modes of its existence, primarily multi - modus Russian digital speech. The results of the research expand the understanding of the development of the Russian language on the boundary of the 20 - 21 centuries, the dynamic processes in its organization and functioning. The materials and conclusions of the work can be used in scientific research in the field of Russian studies, as well as in the practice of teaching the Russian language.

scholarly journals Russian language in Georgia: view from the inside

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.О. Хабенская
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Illustrative Material ◽  
Post Soviet Period

Статья посвящена проблемам русскоязычного образования, сохранения и распространения русского языка в Грузии в постсоветский период. Рассматривается в динамике положение русского языка в системе среднего образования начиная с 1991 г., отношение к русскоязычным, русскому языку и культуре грузинской политической элиты и грузинского общества в разные периоды независимости страны. Анализируются причины, факторы и перспективы изменения положения русского языка в современной Грузии. Иллюстративным материалом и отчасти источником для статьи послужили тексты эссе педагогов-русистов, лауреатов Пушкинского конкурса из Грузии в 2001–2018 годах. The article is devoted to the problems of education in Russian, preservation and spread of the Russian language in Georgia in the post-Soviet period. The position of the Russian language in the secondary education system since 1991, the attitude towards Russianspeakers, the Russian language and culture of Georgian political elite and Georgian society in different periods of country’s independence are considered in dynamics. Causes, factors and perspectives of changes in the position of the Russian language in modern Georgia are analyzed. The texts of essays written by the Russian teachers who were winners of the Pushkin Competition from Georgia in 2001-2018, served as illustrative material, and partially as a source for the article.

scholarly journals Chrono-discrete monogeographic comparative jurisprudence on the example of the penal system of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
NATALIA N. TROFIMOVA ◽  
◽  
ALEXEY S. TIMOSCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes the possibilities of the methodology of the school of chrono-discrete monogeographic comparative jurisprudence in relation to the penal policy, which is considered in the context of the Soviet period of modernization of Russia. The subject of the article is the arrays of social and legal information in the field of the criminal law, the history of the penitentiary system, the history of the establishment of public control institutions, the genesis of the Russian language in the political and legal sphere. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that the penitentiary policy is of a chrono-discrete nature, which is due to the peculiarities of Russia's civilizational backwardness at the early 20th century and the requirements of catching-up modernization of its technological structure. The methodological basis of the study was a chrono-discrete monogeographic comparative legal approach, which, in addition to the wellknown comparative, historical, formal legal types of analysis, proceeded from the following research attitudes and assumptions: 1) the object is taken in the same topology, but in different periods; 2) the scholar believes that there is a chronological gap in socio-legal and political processes. As a result of the work carried out, national characteristics in the evolution of penitentiary policy from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries were studied. A retrospective analysis of the penal policy humanization is presented and the reasons for the Soviet chronopause in the observance of human rights are named, the historical heterodynamics of the penal system in the system of state and law is substantiated. Problems of interaction of the penitentiary system with civil society institutions are implicitly touched upon. It is concluded that the current humanistic trend in the development of the penal system is a natural continuation of the penitentiary reforms of the 19th century, continued after the necessary socio-technological modernization of Russia, carried out by the Bolshevik party. Key words: penal system, punishment, time gap, chronopause, chrono-discrete monogeographic comparative legal approach (HMSP), industrialization, modernization, nonlinear cliodynamics

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