A modified algorithm of the latent semantic analysis for text processing in the Russian language

The work is devoted to a multidimensional consideration of the terminology of morphology and word-formation in the East Slavic grammars of the 16th century. (The Grammar of 1586, The Grammar "Adelfotis" in 1591, The Grammar of Lavrеntii Zizanii in 1596) The term is a linguistic unit for special purposes, which is the verbalized result of professional thinking, which denotes the concept of a certain scientific theory and serves to coding (concentration, fixation, storage), transmission (transfer of information), communicate, transmutation of knowledge (cognition: comprehension, processing, augmentation) and orientation in a certain special area, therefore an important place in describing the terminology of the past is assigned to the orientational aspect, which allows us to analyze the terms not only from the perspective of origin, word-formation, functioning, but also from the perspective of the explanation of the rationality of the author's nomination and the appropriateness of the perception of it by the addressee. Terminology is explored through the prism of the linguistic persona of grammarians by using the method of logical-semantic analysis. At the stage of generation of the terminology of the doctrine of morphemic and word formation, the large number of calquing terms (almost 50% of the total number) was used. The Russian basis of the calquing was found out, which consists in the existence in the Russian language of the lexical-semantic method of derivation. Also for this stage, the functioning of terms formed by substantivation is characterized. Dynamics of the exponent of terms of morphology and word-formation of the XVI century is due to the variation and synonymy, the dynamics of significatum – the reality (changes in language) and the development of scientific knowledge. In the XVI century the terminological system in the field of word-formation is formed as a system, with enough clearly appeared hypo-hyperonical relations.

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RUSSISMS IN THE MODERN SERBIAN LANGUAGE

Cherepovets State University Bulletin ◽

10.23859/1994-0637-2021-4-103-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (103) ◽

pp. 54-65

Author(s):

JELENA LEPOJEVIC

Keyword(s):

Semantic Analysis ◽

Russian Language ◽

Point Of View ◽

Modern Theory ◽

Literary Language ◽

Lexical Semantic ◽

Theory Of Language ◽

The Russian Language

This paper considers, from the point of view of modern theory of language in contact, words loaned from the Russian language or through the Russian language that are still in active use in the modern Serbian language. The aim of this paper is to determine the corpus of these elements in the dictionaries of the modern Serbian literary language, as well as to conduct a morphological and lexical-semantic analysis of the collected material. Many of these words are not perceived as borrowings by speakers of the Serbian language, but it is a fact that these elements came to the Serbian language from Russian. The author studies the words with the label rus. , identified by the analysis of Serbian language dictionaries. Words of Russian origin that are on the periphery of the lexical fund of the Serbian language, such as archaisms and historicisms, have not been taken into consideration.

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The Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language as a Reflection of Economic Change: Semantic Dynamics of Words with the Root Torg-

Voprosy leksikografii ◽

10.17223/22274200/18/9 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 167-180

Author(s):

Roman I. Vorontsov ◽

Keyword(s):

Semantic Analysis ◽

Russian Language ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Russian Society ◽

History Of ◽

Semantic Differentiation ◽

Historic Change ◽

Text Illustrations ◽

Russian Linguistic ◽

The Russian Language

The article deals with the dynamics of a fragment of the Russian linguistic worldview projected onto the experience of academic lexicography. Based on the data extracted from the three editions of the Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language (also referred to as the Dictionary), which serves as a reflection of the 80-yearlong history of the Soviet and Russian society, the sociocultural dynamics of a conceptual view of economy and trade is uncovered through its lexical, semantic and lexicographic realization. The aim of the research is to analyze the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- [trade] based on the Dictionary data. This includes the study of the lexicographic interpretation of these words as well as the justification of new lexicographic solutions. The key attention is paid to a number of polysemantic words: torg, torgovat’, torgovat’sya, torgovlya, torgovyy. In the course of the research, the method of componential semantic analysis is applied together with the comparison of the entries from different editions of the Dictionary and with the selection of text illustrations by means of linguistic corpora. Two aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- are discussed: 1) reflection of lexicographic principles adopted by the authors of the Dictionary and 2) lexical and semantic objectivation of the Russian linguistic worldview. The first aspect is represented by the trend of semantic differentiation typical of the Dictionary and manifested in both enlargement and specification of the word semantic structure. Syncretic meanings that can be seen in the first edition are later splintered into separate meanings or even shades of meaning (torgash, torgashestvo, torgovat’). The sociocultural dynamics is presented by a number of linguistic trends. The first trend is generating new collocations, and the adjective torgovyy shows here the highest productivity. Adjacent to it stands the active formation of compound words beginning with torgovo-. The second (controversial) trend is obsolescence of words and meanings: notions of the Soviet economy are going out of use (torg as a ‘trade institution’). The third trend is actualization of obsolete words and meanings, which is often only illusive. In the Soviet period, many notions of economy were considered inadmissible or typical of the Czarist era, hence, these words were defined as obsolete ones. However, the historic change of the early 1990s showed that this part of vocabulary was always commonly used, even in the Soviet texts that could not serve as a source of illustrations due to censorship. Thus, the considered aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with the root torg- demonstrate the general way of conceptualizing the economic sphere by the Russians. It is mainly reflected in the social revaluation of the market relations, trade, and entrepreneurship. The lexical and semantic objectivation of this revaluation requires shrewd lexicographic solutions.

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The Influence of Modern English Loanwords on the Verbal Code of Russian Culture

Russian Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-1-176-196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 176-196

Author(s):

Yulia M. Alyunina ◽

Olga V. Nagel

Keyword(s):

Semantic Analysis ◽

Russian Language ◽

Verbal Code ◽

Interaction Type ◽

Russian Culture ◽

Language And Culture ◽

Continuous Sampling ◽

The World ◽

Interaction Types ◽

The Russian Language

The aim of the article is to introduce the authors’ perspective on how English loanwords are changing the structure and the content of the verbal code of Russian culture and the Russian linguistic pictures of the world, as well as on how the latter might change the former. Having used the continuous sampling method, observation method, and synchronic-diachronic approach (lexical semantic analysis, comparative semantic analysis, morphological and quantitative analysis), the authors have allocated and analyzed 487 loanwords, which led to the introduction of three distinguished types of interaction between the verbal code of the Russian language and foreign loanwords. The first interaction type is the process whereby the loanwords adapt semantically to the rules of the host language and culture, which leads to the complete change of a loanword meaning or its modification (15 words). The second interaction type is connected with the loanwords bringing new concepts to a host language and indicating borrowed ideas and objects (270 words). The differentiation of these two interaction types is based on the results of a synchronic and diachronic study of the loanwords in Russian. The analyzed interaction types are linked to the changes in the host language’s verbal code. A concept of a “hybrid linguistic picture of the world” is being introduced as the one constituting the third interaction type (201 words). According to the authors, the hybrid linguistic picture of the world is developing at the current stage of the Russian language and is caused by the process of the morphological adaptation of English loanwords, which is manifested in the production of hybrid words and Russian words being actively substituted by English borrowings.

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The Class of Adjective and Adverbial Intensifiers in the Russian Language and Mechanisms of its Expansion

Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin ◽

10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-51-3-90-106 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 90-106

Author(s):

Marina Sandakova ◽

Keyword(s):

Semantic Analysis ◽

Semantic Category ◽

Russian Language ◽

Early 21St Century ◽

Theoretical Contribution ◽

Low Degree ◽

Lexical Collocations ◽

Active Processes ◽

The Russian Language ◽

National Corpus

The purpose of the article is to study the development of lexical intensifiers in modern Rus-sian. Using the methods of semantic analysis, the author examines lexicographical data and materials from the Russian National Corpus. Lexical intensifiers continue to inspire scholars’ interest in lexicological, lexicographic, and normative aspects, and this study makes a new theoretical contribution to the study of the functional and semantic category of intensity as well as to the conceptualization of active processes in the vocabulary and lexical collocations of modern Russian. The results of the study can be used in the work of compiling definition dictionaries of the Russian language, namely coinage dictionaries. The class of lexical intensifiers includes primarily adjectives and adverbs. The most well-developed part of the intensifying scale is its right extreme: there are more units that express meaning of the high and absolute degree than those that express the middle and low degree of intensity. New intensifiers that appear in the language are also concentrated in this area of the scale. Intensifiers present an open and constantly widening class of words, new additions typically being semantic derivations of adjectives and adverbs. In the late 20th and early 21st century, the Russian language acquired new intensifiers that can be categorized as semantic neologisms (исполнение распоряжения нереально — нереально вкусное мороженое). The authors singles out the following mechanisms of expanding the class of intensifiers: 1. Syntagmatic widening: going beyond the typical collocation circle, determined by the rules of lexical collocations and fixed in the dictionaries. Here syntagmatic changes involve not only units with the semantically motivated collocation (запредельный, космический), but also those phraseologically connected (кромешный, закадычный); 2. Stylistic changes, manifested in determinologization of words and their “escape” from the bookish style, which widens the possibilities of using them in new and non-typical contexts (астрономические цены, клиническая дура); 3. Grammatical widening, when an adjective intensifier acquires its adverb “pair,” i. e., its syntactic derivative (космический — космически, закадычный — закадычно).

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Возможности лингвистического анализа иноязычных вкраплений польского происхождения в лексике русского языка

Studia Slavica ◽

10.15452/studiaslavica.2021.25.0008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol XXV (1) ◽

pp. 101-109

Author(s):

Лукаш Плесник

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Semantic Analysis ◽

Russian Language ◽

Stylistic Analysis ◽

Main Attention ◽

Intermediate Language ◽

Language Data ◽

Polish Language ◽

The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the problem of foreign language inclusions of Polish origin in the vocabulary of the Russian language. The main attention is paid to three linguistic analyzes (etymological, semantic and stylistic), which are presented on the basis of the created database of language data. Etymological analysis examines the inclusions of Polish origin according to their belonging to the Polish language as a source or intermediate language, semantic analysis pays attention to the distribution of Polish-language inclusions according to lexical and semantic groups, stylistic analysis classifies the inclusions of Polish origin according to their speech style.

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Comparative-semantic analysis of the adverb of time frequency in the Chinese and Russian languages

Litera ◽

10.25136/2409-8698.2021.7.36030 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 80-89

Author(s):

Лянь Цзинь

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Comparative Research ◽

Semantic Analysis ◽

Chinese Language ◽

Chinese Students ◽

Russian Language ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Time Frequency ◽

The Subject ◽

The Russian Language

This article presents a comparative research of adverbs with the meaning of time in the Russian and Chinese languages. Analysis is conducted on the adverb of time in the Russian languages; characteristic is given to macro- and micro-aspects. Macro-description is an attempt to determine and classify the adverbs of time. Micro-aspect, first and foremost, implies semantic analysis of a specific adverb of time. The subject of this research is the adverb of time ‘always’ in the Russian language in comparison with the corresponding adverb in the Chinese language. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of semantic characteristics and variables that depend on the semantics of grammatical and pragmatic characteristics of the adverb of time frequency “always” in the Russian as compared to the Chinese language. The scientific novelty lies in description of the macro- and micro- aspects, identification of semantic and compatible characteristics of the adverb of time frequency ‘always ' in the Russian languahe in comparison with the corresponding adverb in the Chinese — 总是 [zong shi]. The acquired results indicate that the use of the adverb ‘always’ with the meaning of continuity or frequency requires fulfilling certain conditions. This article can be valuable in further research on the topic, in theory and practice of translation, as well as in teaching Russian as a foreign language to the Chinese students.

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ROLE OF LEXEM OF TURKISH ORIGIN WITH THE SIGNIFICANCE OF «THE SPHERE OF TRADE» IN THE RUSSIAN LEXICAL AND PHRASEOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

Globus: social sciences ◽

10.52013/2713-3087-37-3-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3(37)) ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

Olga Ivanovna Avdeeva ◽

Olga Igorevna Stremyanova

Keyword(s):

Semantic Analysis ◽

Russian Language ◽

Semantic Features ◽

Actual Form ◽

Turkish Origin ◽

Turkish Language ◽

The Russian Language

This article examines the structural and semantic features of the lexical and phraseological etymological fields of the Russian language, formed on the basis of lexemes-turcisms denoting the sphere of trade. In the structure of the lexical and phraseological etymological fields under consideration, the nucleus, perinuclear and peripheral zones were identified. Semantic analysis of the lexical etymological field «the sphere of trade» made it possible to identify semantic microfields in its composition. In addition, the role of lexemes of Turkish origin with the meaning «trade sphere» in the Russian vocabulary and phraseology is revealed. In addition, the role of Turkish-language components with the meaning «sphere of trade» in the composition of Russian phraseological units is identified and described: most of them are used to form the internal form of phraseological units and thus participate in the motivation of the general phraseological meaning, their smaller part forms the actual form of phraseological units without participation in motivation of general phraseological meaning.

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A Case of Pragmaticalization in Russian: Micro-diachronic Analysis of the Particle ‘že’ in Questions

Slovene ◽

10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.1.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 340-361

Author(s):

Olga E. Pekelis

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Semantic Analysis ◽

Russian Language ◽

Corpus Data ◽

Diachronic Analysis ◽

Syntactic Properties ◽

Diachronic Development ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

The Russian Language ◽

National Corpus

Že is one of the most closely studied particles in Russian, but its use within interrogative sentences, although it is a separate type of use, has not been investigated in detail. In this paper, I deal with the semantic and syntactic properties of že as part of a constituent or a polar question in the 18th–19th centuries and in modern usage. Based on the Russian National Corpus data, it is demonstrated that, in modern texts, že can appear in questions in four different meanings, each of them pragmatically coloured, whereas in the 19th century and earlier, že could also have a pragmatically neutral meaning, close to a conjunctive one, which has today been lost. This diachronic development corresponds to a typologically widespread scenario and represents the process known as pragmaticalization. The proposed semantic analysis of že is further considered in the light of syntactic tendencies in the evolution of this particle. This analysis can explain the absence of že in the polar questions in modern Russian and its presence in such types of questions in the Russian language of the 18th–19th centuries. The assumption that že has lost its conjunctive-like meaning in interrogative sentences is consistent with the observation that the conjunctive že is the less frequent type of že in declarative sentences.

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Stable expressions with the color adjective orange in the Russian language of the 20th century

Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania ◽

10.18255/2412-6519-2021-4-440-447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 440-447

Author(s):

Evgeniya N. Laguzova ◽

Elena N. Martynova

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Semantic Analysis ◽

Russian Language ◽

Parts Of Speech ◽

Written Text ◽

Political Events ◽

New Meanings ◽

Evaluative Statement ◽

The Russian Language ◽

Modern Russian

The article presents a structural and semantic analysis of stable expressions of the 20th century with the adjective orange, many of which are based on metaphorical and associative-symbolic use of their constituent components. Among the ways of the author's transformation of such lexical units, the authors note the addition and replacement of significant parts of speech with other forms of the same word or synonyms, as well as a change in the location of the components of the expression in relation to each other, which not only does not destroy the idiom, but, on the contrary, intensifies its meaning. The evolution of the original meaning of expressions with the color adjective orange is shown, which is due to the change (expansion) of the circle of nouns combined with the adjective, the implication of evaluation, the formation of new synonymous links with metaphor. Particular attention is paid to stable expressions with political significance, the largest number of which began to appear since 2013 in connection with political events taking place in Ukraine, where orange was chosen for the symbols of the Ukrainian opposition. The development of negative connotations in the expression orange revolution is explained by the corresponding semantic potential of the adjective orange itself, for which semes with negative connotations are productive in speech. The expansion of the compatibility of the adjective orange in modern Russian has led to the emergence of new meanings for the adjectival. Using examples extracted from the newspaper subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language, representing a collection of texts of printed newspapers and electronic agencies of the 2000s, it is shown that the use of stable expressions with the color adjective orange reflects the tendency characteristic of the development of the modern Russian language to expressivize the written text in connection with the formation of an evaluative statement capable of conveying the attitude of a journalist to social, cultural, political events. At the same time, the expressed social axiological assessment performs various functions in the text: from attracting attention and overcoming the standard to manipulating the consciousness of the mass reader.

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