The role of a multimedia textbook in the priority national project “education”

In the article, the authors consider the role of a multimedia textbook in modern education. The priority national project "Education" is being implemented in Russia - the creation and implementation of modern electronic textbooks is one of the priority concepts in this project. Electronic publications enhance interactive features such as modeling, surveys, discussions, and additional multimedia materials. Advantages of electronic textbooks: mobility, large capacity of information; the ability to constantly update content, without purchasing a new textbook and financial expenses; level of visibility: you can only put text, illustrations, diagrams and graphs in a printed publication, but you can also put animation in an electronic publication, which is convenient for visual display of academic subjects. The electronic textbook provides more opportunities for learning within the existing programs, as well as for the development and optimization of the educational process.

Summary of the Current State of Modern Research Related to Dyslexia

This chapter focuses on the integration of dyslexia research with research on web accessibility. It describes some examples of studies focused on the usage of multiple sources in the context of dyslexia readers. The authors also focus on the usage of multiple sources in the digital context and potential challenges for dyslexia readers. While conventional print contains just text combined with different illustrations, the web tools regularly combine different presentations such as text, illustrations, animations, sounds, and videos. This combination then moves the boundaries of understanding.

How practice in plant collection influences interactions with illustrations and written texts on local plants? A case study from Daghestan, North Caucasus

Background It is only recently that written sources of local knowledge on plants are not being ignored by scholars as not belonging to “traditional” knowledge. Ethnobotanical texts, however, if they at all focus on knowledge from written sources, hardly ever pay any attention to the actual processes of interaction with written texts and illustrations. During our research, we examined people’s interactions with texts, illustrations and herbarium specimens of plants they collect or are familiar with. We focused on a small community of Shiri people in the mountainous village and in the lowland settlements in the Republic of Daghestan, Russia. In the paper we address the following questions: how do Shiri people interact with illustrations, written text, and herbaria specimens? How is this interaction influenced by the practice of plant collection? What are the methodological implications of the ways people interact with illustrations, texts, and herbaria specimens? Methods Our research was based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork: co-designing of a booklet showing edible plants people collect in Shiri, semi-structured interviews and video-recordings, and observing interactions between people and text/illustrations/voucher specimens.Results We identified three kinds of interactions between individuals and text/illustrations: “text-wayfaring” – predominantly a bodily interaction between an individual and illustrations and text; “fact/spelling checking” – predominantly discursive and information focused; “between wayfaring and fact-checking” – the mix of the two. Using the idea of textual poaching, as well as the knowledge-making approach, we show that the mode of interaction with text/illustrations influences what is acquired, and how. This process influences readers’ LEK. The mere presence of an information in the text available to people does not imply that they will acquire it, make use of it, and change their LEK. Photographs and pressed specimens of locally known plants are often not (or only partly) recognized by the interlocutors. Video-recording is essential for analysing the above mentioned interactions.Conclusions In ethnobotanical research, it is important to pay more attention to people’s interaction with their sources of knowledge, including text and illustrations. The discursive part of LEK is more easily influenced by written sources. The practice of plant collection is not as easily influenced. Ethnobotanists function in a particular context and are embedded in discourses oriented towards conservation of bio-cultural diversity that value heritage as such, so it is important to be aware of one’s positionality. A methodology that relies on showing pressed specimens or photographs to interlocutors may be a very misleading way of collecting ethnobotanical data.

How practice in plant collection influences interactions with illustrations and written texts on local plants? Case study from Daghestan, North Caucasus

Background It is only recently that written sources of local knowledge on plants are not being ignored by scholars as not belonging to “traditional” knowledge. However, usually ethnobotanical texts, if they at all focus on knowledge from written sources, they do not pay attention to the actual processes of interaction with written texts and illustrations. During our research we examined people’s interactions with texts, illustrations and herbarium specimens of plants they collect or are familiar with. We focused on a small community of Shiri people in the mountainous village and in the lowland settlements in the Republic of Daghestan, Russia. In the paper we address the following questions: how do Shiri people interact with illustrations, written text and herbaria specimens? How amount of practice in plant collection influences reading of the texts about plants and looking at illustrations? What are the methodological implications of the ways people interact with illustrations, texts and herbaria specimens? Methods Our research was based on long term ethnographic fieldwork: co-designing of a booklet showing edible plants people collect in Shiri, semi-structured interviews and video-recording and observing interactions between people and text/illustrations/voucher specimens. Results We identified three kinds of interactions between individuals and text/illustrations: “text-wayfaring” – predominantly a bodily interaction between individual and illustrations and text; “fact/spelling checking” – predominantly discursive and information focused; “between wayfaring and fact checking” – the mix of the two above. Using the idea of textual poaching as well as knowledge making approach we show that the way of interacting influences what is acquired from the text/illustrations and how. This process influences reader’s LEK. The mere presence of the information in the text available to people does not imply that they will acquire it, make use of it and change their LEK. Photographs and pressed specimens of locally known plants are often not (or only partly) recognized. Video-recording is essential for analysing the above interactions. Conclusions In ethnobotanical research it is important to pay more attention to people’s interaction with their sources of knowledge, including text and illustrations. Discursive part of LEK is more easily influenced by written sources. Practice of plant collection is not as easily influenced.

The Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language as a Reflection of Economic Change: Semantic Dynamics of Words with the Root Torg-

The article deals with the dynamics of a fragment of the Russian linguistic worldview projected onto the experience of academic lexicography. Based on the data extracted from the three editions of the Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language (also referred to as the Dictionary), which serves as a reflection of the 80-yearlong history of the Soviet and Russian society, the sociocultural dynamics of a conceptual view of economy and trade is uncovered through its lexical, semantic and lexicographic realization. The aim of the research is to analyze the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- [trade] based on the Dictionary data. This includes the study of the lexicographic interpretation of these words as well as the justification of new lexicographic solutions. The key attention is paid to a number of polysemantic words: torg, torgovat’, torgovat’sya, torgovlya, torgovyy. In the course of the research, the method of componential semantic analysis is applied together with the comparison of the entries from different editions of the Dictionary and with the selection of text illustrations by means of linguistic corpora. Two aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- are discussed: 1) reflection of lexicographic principles adopted by the authors of the Dictionary and 2) lexical and semantic objectivation of the Russian linguistic worldview. The first aspect is represented by the trend of semantic differentiation typical of the Dictionary and manifested in both enlargement and specification of the word semantic structure. Syncretic meanings that can be seen in the first edition are later splintered into separate meanings or even shades of meaning (torgash, torgashestvo, torgovat’). The sociocultural dynamics is presented by a number of linguistic trends. The first trend is generating new collocations, and the adjective torgovyy shows here the highest productivity. Adjacent to it stands the active formation of compound words beginning with torgovo-. The second (controversial) trend is obsolescence of words and meanings: notions of the Soviet economy are going out of use (torg as a ‘trade institution’). The third trend is actualization of obsolete words and meanings, which is often only illusive. In the Soviet period, many notions of economy were considered inadmissible or typical of the Czarist era, hence, these words were defined as obsolete ones. However, the historic change of the early 1990s showed that this part of vocabulary was always commonly used, even in the Soviet texts that could not serve as a source of illustrations due to censorship. Thus, the considered aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with the root torg- demonstrate the general way of conceptualizing the economic sphere by the Russians. It is mainly reflected in the social revaluation of the market relations, trade, and entrepreneurship. The lexical and semantic objectivation of this revaluation requires shrewd lexicographic solutions.

Vocabulary Analogy: Interactive Instructional to Enhance Vocabulary Knowledge

Vocabulary analogy is a valuable strategy which enriches students’ vocabulary mastery in order to recognize and understand the words or message of a text or passage. Instructional material for reading comprehension in this book specially designed for helping students’ to understand the process of recognizing word and constructing meaning of the text. Illustrations stimulate students’ interest; vocabulary strategies upscale students’ memory and understanding of analogy concepts.

"That" and "This" vs "Tot" and "Etot"

The abstracted article summarizes the author's observations concerning the use of the English demonstrative pronouns this and that. The author focuses on the contradiction between what is prescribed by the language system, and what is accepted by the language community. The contradiction mentioned reveals itself in the tendency of the pronoun that to accept the functions of its counterparts by the oppositions of this – that and it – this / that. The speculations of the author are grounded by the theory of oppositional reduction, the fundamentals of which are shortly described after a brief review of literature devoted to the study of demonstrative pronouns. Next, the author passes to the description of the research procedure, which includes statistical, experimental and analytical components. The author's tools also involve elements of comparative analysis of English and Russian demonstrative pronouns, which was ultimately necessary for the implementation of the didactic task. The author's reasoning is accompanied by text illustrations, from which it follows that the main condition contributing to the reduction of the opposition by proximity is anaphoric reference, which is most often accompanied by the stressed position of the pronoun. In conclusion, the author notes the tendency of the pronoun that to secure the status of a universal demonstrative, capable of representing both this and it. This circumstance constitutes one of the specific features of the English demonstrative pronouns in relation to Russian ones, which, in turn, creates additional problems for Russian learners of English.

Pengaruh Desain Daftar Menu Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p align="center"><strong></strong><em>Menu listing design needs to have a visual power that attracts the attention of consumers and to be able to compete with other cafes. Design Objectives in the menu list becomes important, because its existence is not limited to the menu information offered but as the attraction of the cafe and can increase sales. In addition to the Design in the menu list also to find out how much influence on consumers in purchasing decisions. This study uses a quantitative approach where quantitative research emphasizes the testing of theories through measurement of research variables with numbers and performs analysis with statistical procedures. Data collection techniques using questionnaires that refer to the three aspects of the variable from the menu list of elements of color, typeface, text, illustrations or drawings. The results show that the elements of color, text, illustrations and images have an important effect on the design of the cafe menu list of purchasing decisions. Of the three most dominating elements in purchasing decisions is the color element </em><em>because the color menu design is more important than the black and white café menu design</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><strong><em>C</em></strong><strong><em>afe, List menu, Purchase Decision</em></strong></p><p class="Text" align="center"><strong>ABST</strong><strong>RAK</strong><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p class="Text">Desain daftar menu perlu memiliki kekuatan visual yang menarik perhatian konsumen dan agar mampu bersaing dengan kafe lainnya. Tujuan Desain dalam daftar menu menjadi penting, karena keberadaannya bukan sebatas informasi menu yang ditawarkan tetapi sebagai daya tarik dari kafe tersebut dan dapat meningkatkan penjualan. Selain itu Desain dalam daftar menu juga untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruhnya terhadap konsumen dalam keputusan pembelian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dimana penelitian kuantitatif lebih menekankan pada pengujian teori- teori melalui pengukuran variabel- variabel penelitian dengan angka dan melakukan analisis dengan prosedur statistik. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang mengacu pada tiga aspek variabel dari daftar menu yaitu elemen warna, jenis huruf, tulisan, ilustrasi atau gambar. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa elemen warna, tulisan, ilustrasi dan gambar berpengaruh penting dalam desain daftar menu kafe terhadap keputusan pembelian. Dari ketiga elemen yang paling mendominasidalam keputusan pembelian adalah elemen warna karena desain menu berwarna lebih penting dari desain menu kafe yang hitam putih.</p><p><strong> K</strong>eywords: Kafe, Daftar Menu, Keputusan Pembelian</p>