scholarly journals Spiritualization of Power and Service in Late Gogol: Motive Sources

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-185
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Ivanitskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
State University ◽  
Administrative Positions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Death Of The Soul ◽  
The One ◽  
The Devil

In his report at the Lotman Readings at the Russian State University for the Humanities (2019), M. Velizhev showed that the testament that opens Gogol’s Vybrannye mesta iz perepiski s druz’yami [Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends, 1847] bears signs of a notarial will. This reflects the counter spiritualization of the power and service in Correpondence, so its motivation that can clarify the logic of Gogol’s artistic evolution. All power positions in Gogol’s book are sacred, being created by the “government foresight” inspired by heaven. Consequently, Lord signifies Himself in the authority ladder. Therefore, the semantic elevation of love to God follows the same hierarchy of the civil service – to the monarch who transfers it to God. This makes the service hierarchy the main target of the human enemy who invades the world in the form of a doppelganger-official, eroding the meanings of administrative positions and replacing the “divine service” ladder with an antipode doublet. Gogol’s equations of “sacra” and service caused his movement to St. Petersburg (1828), equally alien to the traditional culture of both Little Russia and Russia. In this alienness, Gogol, who preserved the folklore worldview, saw the same daemonic trickery as in Dykanka. It appears as a general hoax in the finale of Nevsky Prospekt, and gets apocalyptic proportions in the first edition of The Portrait. However, in the capital of the empire, which includes the church in itself, Gogol tied the religious principle to the imperial one, which split the meaning of the Petersburg power into “heavenly” and daemonic. The consistent implementation of these meanings forms the plot of The Inspector General – with the visits of Khlestakov and the real inspector. In letters to S.T. Aksakov (1844), to N.F. (1849) Gogol endowed the devil with Khlestakov’s characteristics on the one hand, and on the other, explained the gossip about Khlestakov – “inspector” as the devil’s trick. Khlestakov’s chimericity is noted by Khlestakov’s servant Osip (“a general, only the other way round) and Shpekin (“He’s neither one thing nor another. The devil knows what he is”). Khlestakov not only confirms it, introducing himself as the author of “another ‘Yuri Miloslavsky’”, but in drunken boast endows a demonic background (“I am everywhere, everywhere!”). The Governor translates it from the subtext into the text, congratulating his wife, “. . . to marry into a family of such a devil.” The capital he personifies is also illusory, being a “black hole” in Osip’s praises. The real auditor presents Petersburg as a source of just imperious punishment, which the “silent scene” endows with the symbols of the Last Judgment, since in the Governor’s appeal to the public (“You are laughing at yourself, oh you!”) the bureaucratic vices can be interpreted as panhuman. In Razvyazka “Revizora” [The Resolution of The Government Inspector. 1846], the state is shown equal to the human soul, where officials are “passions”; Inspector is conscience “at death’s door”; Khlestakov is a “secular conscience” with which a person conforms every day. A person equal to the world carries within himself the potentials of all vices, and the death of the soul marks the death of the world. In Correspondence Gogol endowed himself with such a universal “I” creating the potential for spiritual crisis. The inexplicable divergence of Russian reality with the ideal appeared to him as the death of his soul, and with it – of the great world equal to it.

scholarly journals Efficient E-Government Services, Constraints and Problems of Technical Applications and Software and the Transition to Smart Government

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser A. Seleman
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Smart Government

  The e-governance is the concept and structure of the system and the functions and activities of all activities and processes in e-business on the one hand the level of e-government and business on the other.               Because the government sector as a significant proportion of the total economic sectors in most countries of the world, and the fact that dealing with the public sector is not limited to the class and not others, but prevail all citizens and residents, institutions and others, and the fact that this multi-dealing in quality, methods and how it is done and models for different procedures and steps implemented and locations between the corridors of government departments, the concept of e-government came as an ideal way for the government to enable them to take care of the interests of the public from individuals and institutions electronically using cutting-edge technology without the need for the applicant to move between government departments.  

scholarly journals HISTORICAL FACTUALITY AND REPRESENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Vinicio Busacchi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Of History ◽  
The One

Historical facts are not objects; rather, they are representational processes within other processes that also produced objects and left traces. These latter ones are themselves not historical facts either but are the same as historical facts in a given time and acquire meaning and significance with respect to that particular time. Therefore, the ‘historical-real’ is constitutively representational and constitutively temporal because it is a process. The question of what is a given truth in history then becomes the dilemma of creating a representative reconstruction of the process of (past) events that is close to the ‘real’ events as they are given in that specific time. Those ‘real’ events have been conceived, represented, lived, created, and narrated. The interweaving of the theory of history and the [cognitive] theory of representation is revealed as a central interlacing that could be proposed between the theory of history and the theory of narrative on the one hand and the theory of history and the theory of action on the other. From one perspective, history is about other people, other institutions, other representations and other visions of the world. It is about people who lived in different eras, who have created and inhabited different institutions, who spoke other languages, who embraced other conceptions and beliefs and so on. From another perspective, however, historians are not faced with a radical otherness. History describes people like us, but it is we who are the heirs of those cultures, those institutions, that wealth of knowledge, those skills, those beliefs and so on, and we are not without tools to recover, reproduce or re-present them.

scholarly journals 1. Konsep Dasar Administrasi Pendidikan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditri Wily Mandayanti ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Educational Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Education Administration ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

The purpose of writing this article is to realize how important administration is in the world of education. so that all those involved in the world of education have good administrative procedures. The source of the idea of writing this article is to conduct a literature study or literature study by gathering material related to the concept of education administration, then collecting, grouping, discussing, and analyzing. In general the purpose of the administration of education is that all activities support the achievement of educational objectives or in other words the administration used in the world of education is endeavored to achieve educational goals. The functions of education administration include planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, supervising, compiling, directing, reporting and budgeting. . In the scope of the discussion of education administration focused on educational administration activities carried out by the government as a service to the needs of schools on the one hand, and schools as implementing learning activities with the main focus of learning services on the other.

scholarly journals Bodies, Matter, Monads, and Things in Themselves

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-176
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. Stang
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

There is a tension in Leibniz’s mature metaphysics that has received considerable attention in the last several decades of scholarship. On the one hand, there are texts that support a phenomenalist reading, according to which bodies are simply the coordinated phenomena of minds. On the other hand, there are texts that support a realist reading, according to which bodies are aggregates of the real constituents of the world, monads. Likewise, there is a structurally similar tension in Kant’s metaphysics between “two world” and “one world” interpretations of transcendental idealism. This chapter develops an interpretation of Leibniz’s metaphysics that does justice to both his realism and his phenomenalism, and then shows how that interpretation can be applied to Kant’s transcendental idealism.

scholarly journals HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE FOR OTHER COUNTRIES WHICH AFFECTED BY DISASTER AS IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL MANDATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Boby Sigit Adipradono
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
World Order ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Right

The basic principles of the implementation of Indonesian foreign policy have been stated in the opening paragraph of the first paragraph of the 1945 Constitution, "that actual independence is the right of all nations. And therefore, colonization of the world must be abolished, because it is not in accordance with humanity and justice. The establishment of this country is to "participate in carrying out world order based on freedom, eternal peace, and social justice". The Indonesian people in carrying out the constitutional mandate is to help other countries affected by the disaster. The assistance is given to other countries without any regulations which are the basis for the government to pay for the assistance. The provision of humanitarian assistance to other countries by the Indonesian government has created a dilemma among officials who have the authority to issue the budget. On the one hand, the President's order must be implemented, on the other side spending the budget for humanitarian assistance to other countries affected by the disaster there are no regulations that regulate it.

The Inward and the Outward: Fantasy, Reality and Satisfaction

1985 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175-193
Author(s):  
Christopher Cherry
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Prime Source

Imagination works upon desires and needs in a variety of ways. Different sensibilities will concentrate upon different of its operations and neglect - or even ignore - others. Thus Rousseau (and in some ways Plato, as we shall see) takes a very gloomy view of the uses of imagination. He sees only its dark aspect, under which it is a prime source of wretchedness:It is imagination which enlarges the bounds of possibility for us … and therefore stimulates and feeds desires by the hope of satisfying them. But the object within our grasp flies quicker than we follow; when we think we have grasped it, it transforms itself and is again ahead of us … Thus we exhaust our strength, yet never reach our goal, and the nearer we are to pleasure, the further we are from happiness ... The world of reality has its bounds, the world of imagination is boundless; as we cannot enlarge the one, let us restrict the other; for all the sufferings which really make us miserable arise from the difference between the real and the imaginary.

scholarly journals Divine Justice and the Issue of Evil in Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Sodeif Motlagh
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Divine Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
Theological Foundations ◽  
Human World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Devil

The issue of "divine justice", which is the one of the most important doctrinal principles and a characteristic of the theological religions such Shiite and Mu'tazilite, in fact is one of the Perfect Attributes of Allah and due to its indescribable importance, it has a special place in doctrinal discussions. On the other hand, the existence of evils and calamities, poverty and deprivation, oppression and disease and moral corruption, and even the manner of punishment in the hereafter, always raises doubts in the human mind and calls into question Allah's justice. The generality of such suspicions has led Islamic thinkers to solve these problems in defense of divine justice. In this regard, the present study seeks to use the words of the fourth Shiite Imam in the divine invocations of the complete Sahifa Al_ Sajjadiyya, to achieve the theological foundations to solve some evil doubts in the realm of creation and the human world. The method of collecting materials in this research is library and the research method is "descriptive -analytical". After investigations, it became clear that from Imam Sajjad's point of view, neglecting and inclining the soul to the world and other than Allah, and consequently being caught in the trap of the devil and carnal soul, and contamination with sin and transgression, is the real evil. According to him, the divine test and punishment and return to the truth, the flourishing of talents and the appreciation of blessings are the benefits of evil and suffering. also meanings such as: the inherent richness of the Almighty, the bestowal of goodness and abundant blessings, the guidance of the servants to the good religion and the punishment of the same action in the prayers of Imam (A.S), all three types of genetic justice, legislative justice and criminal justice can be proved.

scholarly journals 1. Konsep Dasar Administrasi Pendidikan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditri Wily Mandayanti ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Educational Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Education Administration ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

The purpose of writing this article is to realize how important administration is in the world of education. so that all those involved in the world of education have good administrative procedures. The source of the idea of writing this article is to conduct a literature study or literature study by gathering material related to the concept of education administration, then collecting, grouping, discussing, and analyzing. In general the purpose of the administration of education is that all activities support the achievement of educational objectives or in other words the administration used in the world of education is endeavored to achieve educational goals. The functions of education administration include planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, supervising, compiling, directing, reporting and budgeting. . In the scope of the discussion of education administration focused on educational administration activities carried out by the government as a service to the needs of schools on the one hand, and schools as implementing learning activities with the main focus of learning services on the other.

The Poverty and Richness of the Imaginary

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Keyword(s):  
Human Freedom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Racial Oppression ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
The Real ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

There is an ambiguity in Jean-Paul Sartre’s The Imaginary (1940). On the one hand, Sartre describes mental images as impoverished in contrast to the fullness and depth of the world of perception. On the other hand, Sartre identifies the imagination with human freedom, and in this sense the imaginary can be seen as an enrichment of the real. This paper explores this ambiguity and its import for understanding both racist and antiracist ways of relating to others. Part One explores Sartre’s argument for the “essential poverty” of the image through examples of racist images. Part Two discusses the enriching power of the imaginary for cultivating more just social and political arrangements in the context of racial oppression. Part Three argues that bad faith can take the form either of fleeing from reality into the impoverished world of the imaginary, or of failing to see the imaginary possibilities implicitly enriching the real.

Hidden “holes” in the capital of banks and the supply of credit to the real sector of economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mamonov
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Loan Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The One

Our analysis documents that the existence of hidden “holes” in the capital of not yet failed banks - while creating intertemporal pressure on the actual level of capital - leads to changing of maturity of loans supplied rather than to contracting of their volume. Long-term loans decrease, whereas short-term loans rise - and, what is most remarkably, by approximately the same amounts. Standardly, the higher the maturity of loans the higher the credit risk and, thus, the more loan loss reserves (LLP) banks are forced to create, increasing the pressure on capital. Banks that already hide “holes” in the capital, but have not yet faced with license withdrawal, must possess strong incentives to shorten the maturity of supplied loans. On the one hand, it raises the turnovers of LLP and facilitates the flexibility of capital management; on the other hand, it allows increasing the speed of shifting of attracted deposits to loans to related parties in domestic or foreign jurisdictions. This enlarges the potential size of ex post revealed “hole” in the capital and, therefore, allows us to assume that not every loan might be viewed as a good for the economy: excessive short-term and insufficient long-term loans can produce the source for future losses.

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