Eliminating the Public Health Problem of Hepatitis B and C in the United States

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public

Driving and Public Health

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Distracted Driving ◽  
The Past

Distracted driving is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as “the practice of driving a motor vehicle while engaged in another activity, typically one that involves the use of a mobile phone or other electronic device.” However, other distractions not involving the use of a cell phone or texting are important as well, contributing to this burgeoning public health problem in the United States. Examples include talking to other passengers, adjusting the radio or other controls in the car, and daydreaming. Distracted driving has been linked to increased risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) in the United States, representing one of the most preventable leading causes of death for youth ages 16 to 24 years. Undoubtedly, the proliferation of cell phone, global positioning system (GPS), and other in-vehicle and personal electronic device use while driving has led to this rise in distracted driving prevalence. This behavior has impacted society—including individual and commercial drivers, passengers, pedestrians—in countless numbers of ways, ranging from increased MVCs and deaths to the enactment of new driving laws. In 2016, for example, 20 percent of all US pediatric deaths (nearly 4,000 children and adolescents) were due to fatal MVCs. It has been estimated that at any given time, more than 650,000 drivers are using cell phones or manipulating electronic devices while driving. In the United States, efforts are underway to reduce this driving behavior. In the past two decades, state and federal laws have specifically targeted cell phone use and texting while driving as priority areas for legal intervention. Distracted driving laws have become “strategies of choice” for tackling this public health problem, though their enforcement has emerged as a major challenge and varies by jurisdiction and location. Multimodal interventions using models such as the “three Es” framework—Enactment of a law, Education of the public about the law and safety practices, and Enforcement of the law—have become accepted practice or viewed as necessary steps to successfully change this behavior caused by distractions while driving. This Oxford Bibliographies review introduces these and other aspects (including psychological influences and road conditions) of distracted driving through a presentation of annotated resources from peer- and non-peer-reviewed literature. This selective review aims to provide policymakers, program implementers, and researchers with a reliable source of information on the past and current state of American laws, policies, and priorities for distracted driving.

Defining Commercial Speech in the Context of Food Marketing

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (S1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Pomeranz ◽  
Sabrina Adler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
First Amendment ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Policy Strategy ◽  
Commercial Speech ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Obesity is a public health problem in the United States. Experts have identified the regulation of food marketing as a policy strategy to address obesity and poor nutrition. However, the First Amendment can be a barrier to reducing exposure to problematic food marketing. In recent years, courts have become increasingly protective of speech, and particularly of “commercial speech,” or advertising, which can make it more difficult to regulate certain marketing practices.

scholarly journals Promising Agents for Chemoprevention of Skin Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
S. P. Stratton ◽  
M. S. Stratton ◽  
D. S. Alberts
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Public Health

Skin cancer presents a significant public health problem because of its increasing incidence in the United States, Australia, Northern Europe, and other temperate climates around the world. [...]

scholarly journals Thoughts on Drug Policy, Public Health, and Crime: More Support for Decriminalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Douglas Husak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Status ◽  
Drug Problems

In this paper I describe the nature of my interest in drug policy; discuss questions about whether and why drugs pose a public health problem; present some empirical results that bear on whether drug proscriptions might be justified because of their causal role in contributing to crime; hazard a few observations about how a society should deal with drug problems; and comment on the recent opiate epidemic plaguing much of the United States. My overall conclusion is that a good rationale for drug prohibitions has yet to be found, and the liberal alternative to criminalization, which recommends that drug use be treated as a public health problem, is problematic as well---even though it certainly would be an improvement on the status quo. 

Rotavirus

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 519-521
Author(s):  
John T. Sinnott ◽  
Margarita R. Cancio
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
American Family ◽  
Human Pathogens

Acute gastroenteritis is a public health problem of global proportions. Worldwide there are more than 700 million cases of diarrheal disease resulting in around 5 million deaths. In the United States the incidence of acute gastroenteritis is 11% each year and it is second only to respiratory infection as a contagious disease in the American family. The etiology of this common syndrome is obscure but it is becoming apparent that much of this disease is viral in origin. Recent research has elucidated a growing number of human pathogens: Norwalk-like agents, adenoviruses, caliciviruses, and astroviruses. The best understood of these agents are among the earlier discoveries in gastrointestinal virology—the rotaviruses. The study of these agents has greatly advanced our understanding of viral gastroenteritis.

Current and Future Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (S7) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Salloway
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Treatments ◽  
New Treatments

There are currently >5 million people in the United States who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. That prevalence rate is expected to triple as the population ages. The health and economic burden due to Alzheimer's disease is a worldwide problem, with some of the greatest burden coming from the developing world as people live longer in those societies. Throughout the world, the projected growth of Alzheimer's disease is dramatic. This is a worldwide public health problem of the highest order, and there is a compelling need to develop new treatments and methods of earlier diagnosis need to slow the progression of the disease and lessen its impact.

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