scholarly journals Protection of minors in the European digital audiovisual context: a necessary dialogue between parents, academy, regulators and industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Aurora Labio-Bernal ◽  
Lorena R. Romero-Domínguez ◽  
María José García-Orta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Video On Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Communication Policy ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
The Media ◽  
Communication Policies

This paper represents the initial phase of a larger project being developed by the “Media, communication policy and democracy in the European Union” research group, which is currently working on the study “Communication policies, SVOD platforms and values education for minors in the single digital market (2020-2022)”. We wish to pursue in this study that, beyond technological considerations, it is necessary to expand the scope of child protection by establishing mutual collaboration between regulators, distributors and video on demand services, as well as consumers and parents’ organisations, in an effort to further enhance cooperation and mutual understanding (European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services, 2017b, p. 75). It is for this reason that we believe that the academic sphere can also be invited into this wide-ranging discussion on child protection to contribute reflections on a key aspect: audiovisual and media education, an essential pillar of protection in addition to filters, external limits, and electronic labelling. We thus uphold a vision that not only considers the “digital stuff” but also highlights the need for “ethos stuff” (Goggin, 2008, p.89). In this respect, we have considered it essential a literature review on the concept of media literacy. Secondly, our qualitative methodology involves an analysis of the instructions issued by the European Union and their implementation in Spain. In this stage, we have conducted desk research based on a narrative analysis of the documents and programs of different institutions in order to chart the evolution of the question in recent years, at a time when the digital environment has changed more quickly than ever before. This same type of analysis is also conducted on the initiatives of European and Spanish companies to determine whether they are implementing child protection strategies.

Zie ik het of zie ik het niet?

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83
Author(s):  
Jorre Vannieuwenhuyze ◽  
Karen Donders ◽  
Ike Picone
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Video On Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Local Content ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Do I see or not? A study on the impact of placement on program consumption in an on-demand environment The European Union (2018) stipulates that Member States can implement rules to ensure the findability and visibility of local content in video- on- demand environments. Indeed, several countries are concerned that their own audiovisual programs or journalistic products will be consumed less in such environments. It is argued that, in such environments, media users completely decide themselves about their consumption agency, but such statements are also contested. In this research we analyze the impact of placement on the consumption of audiovisual programs in the video-on-demand environments of the Flemish broadcasters VRT and DPG. From experimental research we conclude that there is indeed a significant impact of placement on consumption behavior and that, in other words, manipulations by intermediary gatekeepers can have potentially negative and positive effects on the consumption of local content. Government regulation would therefore be a useful tool to safeguard the importance of proximity of content.

scholarly journals Trust in the European Union: Effects of the information environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brosius ◽  
Erika J van Elsas ◽  
Claes H de Vreese
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
News Media ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Media

Over the past decade, the European Union has lost the trust of many citizens. This article investigates whether and how media information, in particular visibility and tonality, impact trust in the European Union among citizens. Combining content analysis and Eurobarometer survey data from 10 countries between 2004 and 2015, we study both direct and moderating media effects. Media tone and visibility have limited direct effects on trust in the European Union, but they moderate the relation between trust in national institutions and trust in the European Union. This relation is amplified when the European Union is more visible in the media and when media tone is more positive towards the European Union, whereas it is dampened when media tone is more negative. The findings highlight the role of news media in the crisis of trust in the European Union.

scholarly journals National Market Protectionist Gambling Policies in the European Union: The Finnish Gambling Monopoly Merger as a Case in Point

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Selin ◽  
Matilda Hellman ◽  
Tuulia Lerkkanen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Systemic Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
National Market ◽  
The Media ◽  
Gambling Operators ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
Gambling Market

A rapidly growing globalized and digitalized gambling industry has compelled European jurisdictions to take action in order to secure some level of gambling market control, to secure public funds from gambling, and to protect citizens from gambling-related harm. This study concerns the market protectionist endeavour to merge three gambling operators into one state-owned monopoly in Finland in 2017. The justification of the systemic change is analysed in key policy documents and media reporting that discerns the political narratives that nudged the monopoly merger from the idea stage to its completion. Within the narratives, the merger is presented as necessary due to the threats of market intrusion by foreign gambling operators and the likelihood of an internal system implosion framed by European Union (EU) law. The worries expressed in the studied materials plug into a general zeitgeist of globalization. The justifications of the systemic change presuppose the inevitable determination of the change and an innate and constant human desire to gamble. Critical views on the merger were introduced in the media at a late stage, stressing the role of the media as a facilitator and manufacturer of political consent. The study demonstrates how market protectionist justifications can, through the maintenance of a regulated gambling market, assure preservation of national public funds obtained from gambling in the EU. The official gambling policy objective of securing public health played a secondary role in the process.RésuméLa croissance fulgurante de l’industrie du jeu, mondialisée et numérisée, a incité les autorités européennes à prendre des mesures afin d’assurer un certain contrôle sur ce marché, de garantir les fonds publics provenant du jeu et de protéger les citoyens des dommages liés au jeu. Cette étude porte sur la tentative protectionniste de la Finlande de fusionner trois exploitants de jeux d’argent en un monopole d’État en 2017. On analyse les raisons justifiant le changement systémique dans des documents politiques clés et des reportages dans les médias en mettant en évidence le contenu narratif politique qui a conduit à la fusion du monopole, depuis la naissance de l’idée jusqu’à sa concrétisation. Dans ce contenu narratif, la fusion est présentée comme une nécessité en raison des menaces d’intrusion par des exploitants de jeux étrangers et la probabilité d’une implosion du système interne encadré par le droit de l’UE. Les inquiétudes exprimées dans les documents analysés cadrent avec une tendance généralisée à l’égard de la mondialisation. Les fondements qui sous-tendent ce changement systémique présupposent l’inévitabilité du changement et un désir inné et constant de jouer chez l’être humain. Les points de vue critiques sur la fusion sont présentés tardivement dans les médias, ce qui confirme le rôle des médias comme facilitateur et créateur de consentement politique. L’étude montre que les justifications protectionnistes du marché peuvent, par le maintien d’une réglementation du marché des jeux, garantir l’apport de fonds publics nationaux générés par les jeux de hasard dans l’UE. L’objectif officiel de la politique en matière de jeu visant à protéger la santé publique a joué un rôle de second plan dans le processus.

scholarly journals Influence, affluence and media salience: Economic resources and lobbying influence in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Stevens ◽  
Iskander De Bruycker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
News Media ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Beneficial Role ◽  
The Media

This paper evaluates the circumstances under which affluent interest groups wield influence over policy outcomes. Interest group scholarship is ambiguous about the beneficial role of economic resources for lobbying influence. Economically resourceful groups are often presumed to provide more and better expert information to decision-makers and, in exchange, receive more favourable policy concessions. We argue that the beneficial role of economic resources is contingent on the media salience of policy dossiers. We expect that resourceful groups are more influential when issues are discussed behind the public scenes, while their competitive advantage dampens once issues grow salient in the news media. We test our expectations in the context of European Union policymaking, drawing from 183 expert surveys with lobbyists connected to a sample of 41 policy issues. Our empirical findings demonstrate that economic resources matter for lobbying influence, but that their effect is conditional on the media salience of policy issues.

scholarly journals EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MEANS OF REPRESENTING EVALUATION IN CNN.COM PUBLICATIONS ABOUT MIGRATION ISSUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
IRINA G. ISHCHENKO ◽  
◽  
ELENA V. KONOPATSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
North America ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Explicit Evaluation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article considers the category of evaluation in linguistics and the means of its representation. As an anthropocentric category, evaluation is an important element of a person's cognitive activity and is based on their value attitudes. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze explicit and implicit means of expressing evaluation in the articles on CNN.com dedicated to the issues of migration to the countries of the European Union and North America. In the experiment, content, definition and component analysis were used to study 84 publications for the period of 2019-2021. As a result, 617 examples of evaluation were identified. Among them, 367 examples were of explicit evaluation and 250 examples were of implicit evaluation. It was found that the evaluation in the analyzed material is mainly explicit in nature and it is expressed by lexical units with evaluative semantics. The implicit evaluation is based on the linguistic and extralinguistic context and is represented by various linguistic means: quotation, metaphor, phraseological units, antithesis, euphemisms. As the analysis has shown, the axiological characteristic is created with a complex of explicit and implicit evaluative means to implement the main function of the media to inform the audience and shape public opinion.

scholarly journals Media, informacja a szczepienia przeciw COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2 (11)) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bałandynowicz-Panfil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fourth Wave ◽  
Population Resilience

The fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is another significant confession for European societies. Despite extensive efforts, a safe level of population resilience has not been achieved in most countries. Previous actions and government programs aimed at persuading as many people as possible to accept vaccinations. Full availability of free vaccination has brought different levels of participation in fully vaccinated people across the European Union. This article presents the preliminary results of research on the role of the media in shaping pro-vaccination attitudes in Poland, based on a critical analysis of the literature on the subject, statistical data and an empirical research. The differences in attitudes towards vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in individual European Union countries have multifaceted conditions. These include factors of a social, political and cultural nature. Information plays an important role, shaping social attitudes in the discussed issue. One of the primary sources of this information is media – both traditional and digital. It is therefore worth defining the strength of media in the fight to build population resilience in the face of a pandemic.

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