scholarly journals Understanding the Algorithm: Meaning, Socio-Legal Context and Concerns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-97
Author(s):  
Nabil Ahmad Afif ◽  
Reeta Sony A.L.
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Legal Context

At present, algorithms are becoming the heart of society by taking control over the decision-making process as societies are increasingly getting digitalised. There is a consistent theme that an unaccountable, black box technology has taken over the stage and is now making decisions for us, with us, and about us. But the contention around public participation in making decisions in science and technology needs to advance to a stage where there is a more direct conversation between the public and those developing the technologies. With the above mentioned conception of moderating emerging technologies’ development, primarily digital technology due to its overreaching effects on humans and what humans interpret it to be. Firstly, the research through a literature survey is aimed to understand the meaning and nuances of the word algorithm. Then the analysis based on case study is focused on the algorithmic questions, such as bias, privacy, design, transparency, and accountability. In a larger context, concerns over jobs, ways of social interactions, etc., had been discussed, since these concerns are the result of the application of algorithms. The analysis of academic literature pointed out the vital facet of multiple understanding of the word algorithm. Further, the research also emphasizes the meaning of philosophy and politics in technology and its non-neutral nature.

scholarly journals How the state legitimizes national development projects: The Third Development Axis case study, Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Maruša Goluža ◽  
Maruška Šubic-Kovač ◽  
Drago Kos ◽  
David Bole
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
National Development ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Output Legitimacy

We analyzed planning mechanisms and evaluated their performance in achieving legitimacy in infrastructure planning in Slovenia. Planning mechanisms were divided according to the concept of input, throughput and output legitimacy. We conducted a document analysis and interviews to assess their effectiveness in achieving legitimate decisions. Although the analyzed decision-making process declaratively promoted democratic principles, the mechanisms failed to satisfactorily enhance the legitimacy of decisions. The study revealed inadequate communication approaches, both in the decision-makers' relationship with the public and within the expert discourse. Accordingly, the study argues for more genuine communication with the public and within academia to address legitimacy challenges in increasingly conflictual decision-making processes.

Van Gogh Museum: A Digitally Engaging Museum

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
Diane Natassia ◽  
Ahmad Seiichi Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Van Gogh ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vincent Van Gogh ◽  
The World

Van Gogh Museum (VGM) wants to reach out to as many visitors and non-visitors as possible, enriching and inspiring people through their collection and knowledge on the famous painter, Vincent van Gogh. One of their strategies is through digital marketing approaches. However, VGM decides to reinstate its photography ban at roughly the same time the ‘selfie’ trend is booming all over the world, which might hinder the museum’s mission. This case study explores issues in a museum business that slightly differ, yet still holds high relevance to any regular business in terms of digital communication strategy. The aims of this case study are to exercise a decision-making process in which the visitors and the non-visitors of the VGM play a major role, and to initiate creativity in discovering ways to communicate and creating relationship with the public or targeted audience.

Did Groupthink or Polythink Derail the 2016 Raqqa Offensive?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey Barr ◽  
Alex Mintz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tactical Decisions

This chapter examines the effect of group dynamics on the 2016 decision within the administration of President Barack Obama to lead the international coalition in a mission to liberate Raqqa, Syria, from the Islamic State. The authors show that whereas the groupthink syndrome characterized the decision-making process of the US-led coalition’s decision to attack Raqqa, it was polythink that characterized the decision-making dynamics both in the US-led coalition and within the inner circle of Obama’s own foreign policy advisors. Through case-study analysis, the authors illustrate that groupthink is more likely in strategic decisions, whereas polythink is more likely in tactical decisions.

scholarly journals Accessing the public workforce: Organisational recruitment practices and the inclusion or exclusion of individuals of immigrant origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
German State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Recruitment Practices ◽  
Public Workforce

AbstractOrganisations are important gatekeepers in the labour market inclusion of immigrants and their children. Research has regularly documented ethnic discrimination in hiring decisions. Aiming to further our understanding of the role of organisations in influencing the professional trajectories of individuals of immigrant origin, this paper investigates the recruitment practices of public administrations. Drawing on approaches from organisational sociology and a qualitative case study of public administrations in the German state of Berlin, the article identifies three crucial elements of organisational decision-making affecting the recruitment of staff of immigrant origin: decisions regarding advertisement strategies, formal criteria, and individual candidates. Further, the article shows the underlying decision-making rationalities and the role of organisational contexts and ethnic stereotypes for recruitment-related decisions.

scholarly journals Decision Making in Committees: Transparency, Reputation, and Voting Rules

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilat Levy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Career Concerns ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
The Public ◽  
Voting Rule ◽  
The Right

In this paper I analyze the effect of transparency on decision making in committees. I focus on committees whose members are motivated by career concerns. The main result is that when the decision-making process is secretive (when individual votes are not revealed to the public), committee members comply with preexisting biases. For example, if the voting rule demands a supermajority to accept a reform, individuals vote more often against reforms. Transparent committees are therefore more likely to accept reforms. I also find that coupled with the right voting rule, a secretive procedure may induce better decisions than a transparent one. (JEL D71, D72)

Autonomy and Decision-making Ability among Gujjar Women of Kashmir: A Study of Khan Sahib Tehsil in District Budgam

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Wasia Hamid ◽  
Tanveer Ahmad Khan ◽  
Mohmad Saleem Jahangir
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Tribal Women ◽  
Size Type ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
Case Study Methods

The present study investigates the level of empowerment among tribal women in terms of their participation in the decision-making process and to identify the factors that affect their level of participation. Fifty women from the Gujjar community of Kashmir Valley were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The interview and case study methods were employed for collecting data from the potential participants. The study revealed that tribal women’s right to make decisions was confined to minor household issues only. A significant positive correlation was also noted between family size, type of family, age, level of education, employment status and participation of the tribal women in decision-making.

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