Forum

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Rainer Bauböck ◽  
Caroline Brettell ◽  
Maurice Crul ◽  
Marco Martiniello ◽  
Vladimir Mukomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
New Research

The nexus between migration and urban studies is dynamic, and one that produces new research on a daily basis. And yet little is providing us with a general picture that allows us to see the main regular patterns in the field, as well as the gaps and methodological hindrances requiring attention. So what’s been done? And what needs to be done? To facilitate a discussion, we formulated three broad questions that we then asked eight prominent scholars. Their responses in turn give us the perspectives of varied disciplines, geographical vantage points (North America, Western Europe, and Russia), and points of view. In what follows, each scholar addresses these three questions: Question 1. More than a century ago, Ernst Georg Ravenstein formulated a set of “laws” about migration. Created within the social and economic context of nineteenth-century Europe and inspired by the positivist spirit of the time, they were abandoned, however, in the twentieth century. But since Ravenstein’s times, thousands of studies on migration and integration have been produced within academia, and it is likely that the time for new generalizations has come. Are there any patterns or laws that can be inferred from the existing body of research on migration and integration? Question 2. Research on migration and integration is embedded in institutions that produce their own rules and norms to structure topics, approaches, and methodologies used by researchers.Are you generally satisfied with how the research on migration and integration is currently carried out? What are the most promising topics, approaches, and methodologies? Are there any that should be treated more cautiously? What topics, approaches, and methodologies would you recommend to young scholars in the field who are now considering their paths for researching migration and integration? Question 3. Research on migration and integration is generally conducted within the urban context, which is taken for granted and seldom reflected upon. However, urban structures are not stable and cities have substantially changed since the beginning of the twentieth century. Should the knot binding migration and the urban processes be untied? And if yes, what are the ways to do it in terms of both theoretical agendas and empirical research?

The Genealogical History of the Last Royal Families of Chitral and Yasin: A Preliminary Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-232
Author(s):  
Hidayat ur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Status ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
New Research

Abstract This study examines the divergent genealogies of the last royal families of Chitral and Yasin, the Katur and Khushwakht respectively. We propose, based on published and unpublished sources of the nineteenth and twentieth century as well as traditions brought to light by field research, that the origin of the dynasties of the founding figures Mohtaram Shah Katur I and Shah Khushwakht is linked not with outsiders, as asserted by the former rulers of Chitral and Yasin, but rather with the ancient Katur rulers of the Hindu Kush mountains, referred to as Kator or Katur in the sources. It is hoped that this preliminary examination of the social, historical, and cultural status of the ancestors of the Katur and Khushwakht rulers will open new research possibilities for the study of the history and culture of present-day northern Pakistan.

scholarly journals Modern Urban Planning and Dissonant Heritage: The Case of San Polo

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Nicola Belli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Ideological Transition

SummaryThe aim of the article is to understand to what extent modern mass housing estates, built in the decades following the Second World War with new construction methods and under the influence of innovative planning ideas and egalitarian philosophy, are currently facing a process of decline. In particular, the research is committed to understand how such innovative urban structures rapidly evolved into stigmatized places of residence and sources of dissonant heritage. The work focuses on the case of San Polo, a neighbourhood of Brescia, in Italy, designed by architect, planner and historian Leonardo Benevolo, who had the opportunity in the northern Italian city to experiment and implement his architectural views in the sphere of “public urbanization”. It is possible to claim that Benevolo’s theoretical approach and architectural practice excellently represented the golden age of modern housing in postwar Europe, when the connection between progressive political views and egalitarian urban planning was apparently perfect. Nevertheless, after the political and economic transition that characterized western Europe since the 1980s, mass housing quickly became a residual issue in the public discourse and entered in a spiral of decline. San Polo was no exception: problems – especially in its iconic tower blocks – soon emerged, and overall optimistic expectations were frustrated by the reality of physical, social and economic decline. This study is therefore committed to understand to what extent San Polo is a case of dissonant heritage in the urban context. While it is clear that the heritage of San Polo is the heritage of a precise historical phase and represents particular ideas in architecture and planning, on the other hand it must be stressed that the ideological transition of recent decades made its values and its messages obsolete and that socio-economic segregation negatively affected the reputation of the neighbourhood and its inhabitants had to face a process of stigmatization that found echo in official and journalistic discourse.

The Comparative Focus in Latin American History

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene D. Genovese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
New Research

There are at least two reasons for United States and Latin American historians to bring their work together in a comparative thesis, the first being the need to maximize control of generalizations, and the second being the need to write the history of the social process by which a single world community has been developing since the sixteenth century. Recently, considerable progress with the first task has been made in the study of slavery and race relations, but little progress can yet be reported with the second.One result of the work on slavery and race relations ought to warn and encourage us. Without entering here into a discussion of the specific points of view advanced by Frank Tannenbaum, Marvin Harris, Sidney Mintz, Stanley Elkins, Gilberto Freyre, Herbert Klein, and so many others, it could be demonstrated that the comparisons of slavery in the United States, South America, and the Caribbean have so far proven enormously important in clarifying issues and stimulating new research and yet have failed to yield some of the most sought-after generalizations.

Main activities of Nariman Narimanov

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Rafail Ayvaz oğlu Əhmədli ◽  
◽  
Elxan Musa oğlu Quliyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Real Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Bourgeoisie

The article examines the aggravation of the struggle between political and ideological trends in Azerbaijan at the beginning of the twentieth century, the separation of the liberal national bourgeoisie, representing the ideology of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from the radical Marxist-Bolsheviks in relation to private property and the state system, and the subsequent processes associated with the development of events. At the same time, the article highlights the social and literary worldview of N.Narimanov, analyzes his political and ideological, revolutionary activities, and draws a general picture of the period of real power of N.Narimanov. Key words: The beginning of the twentieth century, political and ideological trends, the Bolsheviks, the social and literary worldview of N. Narimanov, political and ideological, revolutionary activities

African Indigenous Christianity of Pentecostal Type in South Africa in the Twentieth Century and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-329
Author(s):  
Retief Müller
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Movements of reform and reformation have been highly significant in the history of Christianity for various reasons. Yet is it fair or appropriate to ascribe the term reformation to churches or groups not obviously belonging to the sixteenth-century series of events and movements usually associated with that term? This article engages with this question, especially in reference to the phenomenon of twentieth-century African Indigenous Christianity (AIC), which is often associated with terms such as African Initiated Christianity, and African Pentecostalism. I focus on South Africa as my context of reference. From this perspective I will more generally make the case that if the historical construct of reformation as a concept beyond sixteenth-century Northern and Western Europe could be useful at all, it will be in the ways in which one is able, or not, to draw parallels with some of the social consequences of those original movements. I am particularly interested in the relation between reformation and democracy. Therefore, my analysis of AIC history in South Africa is informed by the works of Witte, Woodberry, and McGrath.

What is taken for granted in autism research?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Ilana Friedner
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Autism Research ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research

Abstract This commentary focuses on three points: the need to consider semiotic ideologies of both researchers and autistic people, questions of commensurability, and problems with “the social” as an analytical concept. It ends with a call for new research methodologies that are not deficit-based and that consider a broad range of linguistic and non-linguistic communicative practices.

New research frameworks in the study of chimpanzee and gorilla sociality and communication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam G. B. Roberts ◽  
Anna Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Research Frameworks ◽  
New Research ◽  
Large Groups

Group size in primates is strongly correlated with brain size, but exactly what makes larger groups more ‘socially complex’ than smaller groups is still poorly understood. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are among our closest living relatives and are excellent model species to investigate patterns of sociality and social complexity in primates, and to inform models of human social evolution. The aim of this paper is to propose new research frameworks, particularly the use of social network analysis, to examine how social structure differs in small, medium and large groups of chimpanzees and gorillas, to explore what makes larger groups more socially complex than smaller groups. Given a fission-fusion system is likely to have characterised hominins, a comparison of the social complexity involved in fission-fusion and more stable social systems is likely to provide important new insights into human social evolution

Addressing the Social Determinants of Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saty Satya-Murti ◽  
Jennifer Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Community Center ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social

The Los Angeles Plaza Community Center (PCC), an early twentieth-century Los Angeles community center and clinic, published El Mexicano, a quarterly newsletter, from 1913 to 1925. The newsletter’s reports reveal how the PCC combined walk-in medical visits with broader efforts to address the overall wellness of its attendees. Available records, some with occasional clinical details, reveal the general spectrum of illnesses treated over a twelve-year span. Placed in today’s context, the medical care given at this center was simple and minimal. The social support it provided, however, was multifaceted. The center’s caring extended beyond providing medical attention to helping with education, nutrition, employment, transportation, and moral support. Thus, the social determinants of health (SDH), a prominent concern of present-day public health, was a concept already realized and practiced by these early twentieth-century Los Angeles Plaza community leaders. Such practices, although not yet nominally identified as SDH, had their beginnings in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century social activism movement aiming to mitigate the social ills and inequities of emerging industrial nations. The PCC was one of the pioneers in this effort. Its concerns and successes in this area were sophisticated enough to be comparable to our current intentions and aspirations.

D?r al-?arb as the Motherland? The Muslim Tatars of (the Grand Duchy of) Lithuania and Social Contract

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Egdūnas Račius
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Grand Duchy

Muslim presence in Lithuania, though already addressed from many angles, has not hitherto been approached from either the perspective of the social contract theories or of the compliance with Muslim jurisprudence. The author argues that through choice of non-Muslim Grand Duchy of Lithuania as their adopted Motherland, Muslim Tatars effectively entered into a unique (yet, from the point of Hanafi fiqh, arguably Islamically valid) social contract with the non-Muslim state and society. The article follows the development of this social contract since its inception in the fourteenth century all the way into the nation-state of Lithuania that emerged in the beginning of the twentieth century and continues until the present. The epitome of the social contract under investigation is the official granting in 1995 to Muslim Tatars of a status of one of the nine traditional faiths in Lithuania with all the ensuing political, legal and social consequences for both the Muslim minority and the state.

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