scholarly journals Empirical review on determinants of potato and onion production technology packages adoption in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Zenbaba Oliyad Sori
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Vegetable production technology packages adoption is essential for intensifying its productivity thereby improve the income of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Analog to vegetable, production adoption of Potato and onion also play a great role in improving the daily livelihood of farmers. However, there are few studies on its technology adoption to encourage farmers to substitute their production methods by modern production techniques and maximize return from the sector. The objective of this review paper is to review determinant factors of vegetable technology package adoption in Ethiopia by using the finding of popular published empirical researches. The findings of the review identified that, adoption of potato and onion technologies in Ethiopia is low due to different constraints caused by demographic factors, socio-economic factors, institutional factors and technological factors. Similarly, different empirical researches which are reviewed by this 0review paper identified different types of potato and onion production technology packages like improved seed varieties, fertilizers, quality seed, irrigation services, crop protection methods, and storing house.As a result of the above combinations of vegetable production technology adoption factors, the expected outcome to be obtained from the sector is still poorly performed. By considering the importance of these potato and onion production technology packages, applying and implementing the procedures of adoption bring the decision to adopt technologies and improve the extent of it thereby sustain potato and onion production in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Adoption of garden coffee production technology package by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 17989-18004
Author(s):  
Teshome Kassahun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Extension Services

This study investigated the level and determinants of garden coffee production technology package adoption in Ethiopia. The analysis was based on survey data collected from 293 garden coffee-growing households. The findings show that garden coffee production technology package adoption status in Dale districts was various across the smallholders’ growers. The productivity of improved coffee varieties at farm plots was less than at research plots in Dale due to low coffee production technology package adoption. The use of improved coffee varieties, weed control practices, compost application, pruning practices, shade tree management, intercropping practices, and coffee seedling planting spacingisthe main garden coffee production technology package practiced by smallholder coffee growersinDale. Thus, the garden coffee production technology package adoption index score ranged from 0.43 to 1.00. Adoption index scores were categorized into high (0.71 to 1), medium (0.5 to 0.7) and Low (0.43 to 0.49) adopters. Only 57% of farmers reached high coffee production technology adoption status but the remaining30% and 13% of garden coffee farmers attained medium and low adoption status. The mean adoption index score was found to be 0.66, which implies the overall adoption status was found under the medium technology adoption category. The maximum likelihood estimates of Tobit model result shows that gender of household head (-0.261), education level (0.09),the annual income of the household (0.003), farm size (0.031), availability of labor (0.155), credit facilities (0.087), coffee extension services (0.047) and farmer perception of improved coffee varieties (-0.024) were significant determinants of garden coffee production technology package in Dale district. Hence, for farmers to adopt new technology they must know it well. Adopting all components of the coffee production technology package simultaneously as recommended by the research center enhances coffee productivity at farm plots level. Moreover, building better coffee production extension services, institutional arrangement, and access to new technology information can possibly increase coffee production technology package adoption in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Biopesticide formulations, possibility of application and future trends

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Gasic ◽  
Brankica Tanovic
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Insect Pheromones ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Different Types

Biopesticides are the formulated form of active ingredients based on microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes or naturally-occurring substances, including plant extracts and semiochemicals (e.g. insect pheromones). Application of biopesticides is still limited to only a few percent of all pesticides used for crop protection. There are many factors contributing to that situation, such as expensive production methods, poor storage stability, susceptibility to environmental conditions, efficacy problems, etc. Some of these problems can be overcome by formulation improvements. With many pressures on product performance formulation is becoming the most important area to enhance and extend the activity of biopesticides. In this paper we reviewed different types of biopesticides existing on the market and discussed possibilities for their application and current status. The expected future trends in formulation development of biopesticides are explained.

scholarly journals Determinants of smallholders’ adoption of off-season vegetable production technology in Okhaldhunga District of Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
B. Kunwar ◽  
D. Dhakal ◽  
H. K. Panta
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Adoption Decisions

Mid-hills of Nepal is potential for off-season vegetable production but still the number of off-season vegetable growers is few and production is nominal which cannot even fulfill the internal demand. This paper examines the factors that influence farm households’ decisions for adoption of off-season vegetable production. Household questionnaires were administered to 100 farmers of Okhaldhunga district of Eastern mid-hill of Nepal. Probit regression model is used to determine the factors. The result showed that years of schooling, years of vegetable production, access to extension services, training received are the factors that significantly influence technology adoption decisions of farm households’ in the study area. It is concluded that farm households’ off-season vegetable production depend on socioeconomic characteristics of farm household and institutional effectiveness. We recommend that policies should be formulated to take advantage of factors that positively influence farmers’ adoption decisions and to mitigate the negative ones.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 221-228

Challenges of Aircraft and Drone Spray Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando K. Carvalho ◽  
Rodolfo G. Chechetto ◽  
Alisson A. B. Mota ◽  
Ulisses R. Antuniassi
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Correct Dose ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Heavy Loads

Crop protection on major crops is now required to follow the principles of integrated pest management so the timing and accuracy of any application of a pesticide or biopesticide has to be more precise to minimize adverse effects on non-target species. The development of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) provides a means of providing a more targeted application of the correct dose, especially by using formulations that are more persistent, thus minimizing loss of spray in areas subject to rain. Avoiding use of too high a dosage allows greater survival of natural enemies and reduces the selection pressure for pests becoming resistant to specific modes of action. The downward flow of air from a UAV should also provide better distribution and impaction of droplets within a crop canopy, reduce soil impaction caused by taking heavy loads of spray applied with 200 l ha–1 of water, and allow treatments when fields are too wet to access with ground equipment. In Asia, many smallholder farmers are using a drone in preference to using a knapsack sprayer. According to Matthews, it has been shown that ULV spraying can be effective, but it needs a narrow droplet spectrum with the droplets remaining stable and not shrinking to become too small. Formulation research can reduce the volatility of the spray, hence the success of oil-based sprays. However, instead of petroleum-based oils, there is a chance to develop vegetable oil carriers with micro-sized particle suspensions to deliver low toxicity pesticides in droplets that can be deposited within the crop and not drift beyond the crop boundary. Oil deposits will be less prone to loss after rain so less should be lost in neighbouring ditches and water courses, especially as rainfall patterns are forecast to change. More studies are needed to evaluate the swath for deposition, buffer zones, formulation, nozzle selection, to guide future specific legislation for UAV applications.

Some Hellenistic and late Roman terracotta lamps in the Sinop Archaeological Museum in northern Turkey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülseren Kan Şahín ◽  
Eray Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Ancient Site ◽  
Cultural Structure ◽  
Late Roman

The paper presents some terracotta lamps recovered from the recent rescue excavations carried out by the museum of Sinop in ancient Sinope. The material has been divided into chronological groups, ranging from the 2nd century BC to the 7th century AD, and by typological characteristics describing different types. The most common finds are local late Hellenistic (1st century BC) and late Roman (4th–5th centuries AD) mold-made lamps attesting to the operation of lamp-maker’s workshops in Sinope. Some of the late Hellenistic lamps are important for their connection with Ephesian and other Asia Minor fabrics. These finds are from the domestic contexts of Hellenistic and late Roman Sinope; but we also have lamps from funerary and commercial contexts. Data on production techniques, fabric and use distribution serves to examine the socio-cultural structure of this ancient site in eastern Paphlagonia.

Households Discrimination in School Enrolment in Pakistan: Does gender matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad ◽  
Zahoor Ul Haq ◽  
Imad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study uses Pakistan Social and Living Measurement Survey 2016 to study gender discrimination in school enrollment across the four provinces of Pakistan using bi-variate analysis. Results show that there is highly significant difference between male and female education in rural areas (x^2=4940.50 and p<0.05). Analysis indicate that gender disparity in enrollment is significantly higher in low income households (x^2=115.468 and P<0.05). The study also showed that as compared to male, fewer female are enrolled in both public and private sectors. Hence, socio-economic factors play important role in making decision about children enrollment in different types of school. The study recommends that government to take appropriate steps to reduce gender discrimination in school enrollment by offering subsidy on female education in the country.

scholarly journals Increasing smallholder farmers’ market participation through technology adoption in rural Timor‐Leste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Akter ◽  
Namrata Chindarkar ◽  
William Erskine ◽  
Luc Spyckerelle ◽  
Julie Imron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Farmers Market ◽  
Timor Leste

Nanotechnology in Civil Engineering - A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Naganathan ◽  
Charan Singh Jasbir Singh ◽  
Yim Wil Shen ◽  
Peng Eng Kiat ◽  
Sivadass Thiruchelvam
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pavement Engineering

Nanotechnology can be used for design and construction processes in many areas since nanotechnology generated products have many unique characteristics. These characteristics can significantly fix current construction problems, and may change the requirement and organization of the construction process. This paper reviews the basic concept of nanotechnology, different types of nanomaterial and their manufacturing process as well as the applications of nanotechnology in different fields such as concrete, pavement engineering, construction materials. Use of nanotechnology is found to offer high performing and efficient materials. Specific application areas include water and waste water treatment, construction materials etc. The use of nanotechnology in civil engineering is still in infancy stage. The production methods, pollutions caused to human health, manufacturing difficulties, performance are the issues to be addressed in order to use the nanotechnology in civil engineering.

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