Sexism in Medical Communication

Communication is one of the most essential skills of the medical profession, however, it is a tool through which sexism and gender discrimination are promoted and reproduced. There is often the perception in medicine and surgery that gender inequity centres on lifestyle, family responsibilities, and childcare issues. However, this chapter highlights that deeply engrained biases in medical communication still exist, and are perpetrated by institutions and individuals, women included. Awareness of gendered language must be raised and highlighted in order to make a change. It is achievable to speak in gender-neutral ways that are inclusive and precise as to not conjure biased attitudes towards women in medicine. Social change must be pursued at the level of the institution, the cultural structure, and at the interactional level of gender.

‘Everyone’s Annoyed’: Leveraging Uncertainty in the Smell of Others

A growing literature illuminates the limits of claims made on the basis of sensory perception in scientized, rationalized, and bureaucratic contexts. How to understand exceptions to the rule – cases where claims based on sensory experience are taken at face value, even without corroborating evidence? Here, I focus on one such exception, in which citizen complaints about the smell of a small shantytown functioned successfully as both demands and justifications despite a lack of the kinds of instrumentally and technologically enabled corroboration that the literature would suggest are necessary to strengthen such claims. I show how complaints slotted neatly into a specific cultural structure, an olfactory cosmology in which ‘bad air’ that endangers health can be identified by smell and requires ongoing management and amelioration, and where adherence to hygienic norms is required for full moral citizenship. The case suggests ways that the apparent weaknesses of olfactory claims might allow them to be uniquely weaponized in social and political life, and shows how such claims can exploit shared norms, values, and meanings to enroll others in the demand for action.

Diskriminasi pada Pemain Game Online Perempuan

Advances in technology have also developed entertainment facilities that are served to the community. One of the available entertainment facilities is mobile games or mobile games. Mobile games have considerable appeal for people of all ages and genders. This study analyzes the discrimination of female “Mobile Legends: Bang Bang” game players in the interaction of online game players Mobile Legend: Bang Bang. Research on gender discrimination focuses more on issues of work and gender roles in the cultural structure of society but still rarely researches leisure activities. For this reason, the study aims to determine the discrimination experienced by female players in Mobile Legends: Bang Bang and the forms of verbal discrimination spoken by the players during the game. This research was conducted using the phenomenological method to explore the experiences of the female players. The adventures of female players are used to understand the phenomena that lead to discrimination. The results of this study show that female players have experienced discrimination from male players. Discriminatory words and sentences indirectly degrade the degree and dignity of female players because they accuse female players of being prostitutes, being equated with animals, and mentioning that the Mobile Legend game is not a place for women. This research shows that gender discrimination occurs in the employment sector and in the entertainment sector, one of which is online games.Keywords: discrimination; interactive games; mobile games; Mobile Legends; woman players. Abstrak Kemajuan teknologi turut mengembangkan sarana hiburan yang disuguhkan untuk masyarakat. Salah satu sarana hiburan yang tersedia adalah permainan seluler atau mobile games. Mobile games memiliki daya tarik yang cukup besar bagi masyarakat dari berbagai kalangan usia maupun gender. Penelitian ini menganalisis diskriminasi pada pemain game “Mobile Legends: Bang Bang” perempuan pada interaksi pemain game online Mobile Legend:Bang Bang. Penelitian tentang diskriminasi gender lebih banyak berpusat pada persoalan pekerjaan dan peran gender dalam struktur budaya masyarakat, tetapi masih jarang meneliti pada kegiatan hiburan (leisure). Untuk itu, penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui diskriminasi yang dialami oleh pemain perempuan Mobile Legends: Bang Bang dan bentuk-bentuk diskriminasi verbal yang diucapkan oleh para pemain selama permainan berlangsung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode fenomenologi untuk menggali pengalaman dari para pemain perempuan. Pengalaman dari pemain perempuan digunakan untuk memahami fenomena yang mengarah pada diskriminasi. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa pemain perempuan pernah mengalami diskriminasi dari pemain laki-laki. Kata-kata dan kalimat diskriminatif dikemukakan dengam menyebut pemain perempuan sebagai pelacur, disamakan dengan binatang, dan menyebutkan bahwa permainan Mobile Legend bukan tempat bagi perempuan. Melalui penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa diskriminasi gender terjadi tidak hanya pada sektor pekerjaan, tetapi juga pada sektor hiburan, salah satunya pada permainan daring. Kata Kunci: diskriminasi; Mobile Legends; permainan interaktif; pemain perempuan.

Espacio y territorio como categorías para la comprensión del tiempo presente: Emergencia teórica y renovación conceptual a propósito del octubre chileno – 2019

The mobilization cycle that began in October 2019 represented a crucial moment in the Chilean democratic trajectory. What began as a protest for the rise of 30 Chilean pesos in the Santiago Metro, quickly took on national demand as the horizon exceeded that specific bid, and became a systemic and structural criticism of the democratic institutions and the constitutional, economic, social and cultural structure inherited from the dictatorship. This social awakening in October not only implied transformations associated to material life. Also the conceptual and theoretical tools that were used to understand social phenomena from spaces of intellectual exercise, such as universities were modified. One of these categories is precisely space and territory, which from the nineties with supported and growing socio-environmental movements, was installed in the repertoire of popular demands. A dimension that was also strongly glimpsed in the October protests: the defence of territories as spaces for life. Based on this, a two-dimensional journey is proposed, first a theoretical conceptual debate and on the other hand a historical approach dealing with the emergence of the concept in recent Chilean history, with the interest of understanding a socio-territorial and historical dimension of what happened in October 2019.

Adaptive Changes in the Psyche of Homo Sapiens during the Period of the Singularity (Part 3)

Personal constitutional and acquired predispositions form preferences in the vectors of perception of information (cultural) sentences of the environment. On these vectors, contextual factors are formed that affect the processing of incoming information, the formation of representations and images, which determine the interpretation of lexical signs. Multiplication of contexts creates metacontexts that define the boundaries of virtual reality. One of the design features of Clip thinking (ClipT) is the formation of metacontexts by external structures: network associations. The metacontexts of ClipT form a new structure of communicative experience that changes the self-identification and socialization of the subject, causing a state of dependence. ClipT has significant similarities with hieroglyphic thinking (HieT), which consists of quantized combinations: image + sense + emotion + tone. Hieroglyphics (thinking and writing) have a metacontext nature, being a formation of an ethnic scale. According to some structural parameters, KlipT and HieT are similar to the level of identity. Fundamental factors are the external genesis of metacontexts; the imagery of thinking; elimination of causal relationships and abstraction; visual "receiving-transmission" of the sense of the perceptual image, including the graphic image; rigidity of mental and behavioral structures; embedded experience; etc. The integral structure of a legitimizing nature (HieT + writing + language + metacontext continuum (ethnocultural matrix)) forms a parametrically conjugated social structure derived from it. A monolithic socio-cultural conglomeration with a self-reproduction mechanism is created. We believe this principle is universal, with the possibility of extrapolation to any socio-cultural structure. Currently, the HS population is in a state of forming a universal cultural matrix with the potential to replace ethnocultural matrices. ClipT—the new operating system of the psyche—defines and unifies the transformation of ethnocultural matrices with the vector of universalization. The significant similarity of hieroglyphics with the parameters of ClipT contains the extrapolation potential of modeling (sociological and mathematical) the expected ethnic/universal dynamics of conglomeration: ClipT (psyche as a whole) and congruent social construction. The identity points of ClipT and HieT can find application in the constructions and artificial intelligence learning, as reference points of operating systems of thinking and language, in the structure of which there are no algorithms for cause-effect relationships, analysis, feedback, abstract thinking, and classification structures dominate.

‘La Città ideale’ as a Set of New Institutionalized Resources Integration Practices—Insights from a Pilot Project of the Sicily Region

This study aims to investigate whether and how institutions can contribute to generate value at a territorial level and in which way this value may fit with value-in-business. Starting from the conceptualization of value generation and its relationship with territorial development according to service ecosystem perspective, this study aims to present and discuss an experimental project carried out in a specific Italian area to better understand these main theoretical issues. Specifically, the Sicily region is significant for the genetic factors of the context, linked to a social and cultural structure which, despite the presence of numerous obstacles to socio-economic development, strengthen the path of ‘multi-actor and multi-level’ involvement, which implies the active participation of a plurality of local actors essential to generate value for the territory and for business.

FEMALE FORM OF MALE DOMINANT STRUCTURE IN ARTISTIC CONTEXT

Women have always been the subject of art in terms of their biological and physiological characteristics. The compositions that are shaped in accordance with contents have different nuances in terms of form according to the cultural structure in the arts of civilizations with functional practices and sub-meaning interpretations. Despite this, they have common characteristics in terms of woman/body/sexuality on social duty and classification. Such that male domination social gender roles, gender discrimination based on biology bring along some restrictions and exclusion, and that degrades women to the subject of scopophilic. Gender structure in art is exposed with unfair visual codes, disadvantageous images, improper female circumstances and erotic nudity in many compositions. Women body that is turned into a theatrical material, their identity and gender are abstracted, their image, representation, symbol and government connetion shows the demands of male dominant structure. In this frame, the aim of this study is to analyze the affect of gender roles, patterns, the woman themed art pieces in historical process that is oriented towards structuring, building a sustainable woman perception in male dominant systems of societies on art history. Accordingly, the study is important in terms of showing the systematical dominances on woman identity, body, sexuality created by male dominant sense of art and art literature research in terms of turning femininity into a different construction other than its natural positions and clarifying the problem of re-naming and re-structuring the position of woman and body today. Literature research and descriptive research methods are used in this study. Related visuals and written resources are analyzed and the parts that are related to the content of this article are handled in a manner that creates meaningful unity. Keywords: Masculinity/femininity, male statement and work of art, social gender and art

Motif, Konstruksi, dan Keadilan Semu dalam Praktik Poligami Kiai Pesantren di Madura

The phenomenon of polygamy by the kiai of the Pesantren in Madura is rooted in the religious teachings that are intertwined with the legitimacy of the patriarchal socio-cultural structure. The research aims to reveal the motives, construction, and apparent justice in polygamy practices still widely practiced by people in Madura, especially by kiai as central figures in Pesantren. This research includes field research by conducting interviews and observations in two Pesantrens in Madura led by kiai, who practice polygamy. By using the descriptive-analytical method, this article discovers some of the kiai's polygamy motives, among others, as an outlet for the tradition of matchmaking in his family environment, the desire to have many children, especially sons, and to minimize the concentration of conflict between the first and second wives by presenting a next wife. The practice of polygamy by kiai is framed in religious discourse and the socio-cultural structure of the Madurese community through the pesantren habitus, which forms the construction of polygamy as something ordinary, even noble. The polygamy discourse is formed through the standardization of gender roles through the rules of the pesantren and the teaching of the kitab kuning. In preventing the fulfillment of the requirements of justice in polygamy, kiai make a pre-marriage contract with the prospective wife to avoid justice demand. In this construction, women are always conditioned to be accepting and obedient. Thus, religious discourse co-opted injustice with the promise of heaven for every polygamous woman so that the kiai's polygamous family household could survive but in an atmosphere of false justice.

Psychoanalytic Explanation of Key Personality Traits of Instagram Micro-celebrities: A Qualitative Study

Background: With the growing use of social networks, a large number of studies have investigated their psychological effects. Previous research has demonstrated that virtual networks, especially Instagram, negatively affect users’ mental health and make them vulnerable to mental disorders. However, the studies have been descriptive and provide descriptive statements; hence, they do not contribute to in-depth understanding of such vulnerability. Accordingly, qualitative studies should be conducted to delve into this phenomenon. Objectives: This article aimed to understand the key personality traits of popular Iranian Instagram users, assuming that the networks make individuals psychoanalytically vulnerable to clinical outcomes. Methods: Regarding the research method, the deductive content analysis was adopted for the data extracted from semi-structured in-depth interviews with users having > 10,000 followers. Psychodynamic diagnostic manual, PDM-2 second edition, and the structured analysis matrix were considered to make sense of the collected data. Results: The results demonstrated that the dominant key personality traits in popular Instagram users were narcissism with three subcategories (namely narcissistic central tension, pathogenic belief about oneself, and pathogenic belief about others) and depression with two subcategories (namely depressive pathogenic belief about oneself and pathogenic belief about others). Conclusions: According to the findings, the structures and categories underpinning our experiences by Instagram are inherently narcissistic. Rather than changing individuals’ dynamics, Instagram promotes this intellectual and communicative style inversely by normalizing it and reinforcing the narcissistic personality disorder established by the family and cultural structure of society.