Recommendation to Use the Ethernet Control Word

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bryant ◽  
A. Malis ◽  
I. Bagdonas
Keyword(s):  
Control Word

scholarly journals A Novel Fast-Locking ADPLL Based on Bisection Method

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Deng ◽  
Huazhang Li ◽  
Mingcheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Control Word ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Bisection Method ◽  
Reference Frequency ◽  
Wide Tuning Range ◽  
Cascade Structure ◽  
And Control

Based on the idea of bisection method, a new structure of All-Digital Phased-Locked Loop (ADPLL) with fast-locking is proposed. The structure and locking method are different from the traditional ADPLLs. The Control Circuit consists of frequency compare module, mode-adjust module and control module, which is responsible for adjusting the frequency control word of digital-controlled-oscillator (DCO) by Bisection method according to the result of the frequency compare between reference clock and restructure clock. With a high frequency cascade structure, the DCO achieves wide tuning range and high resolution. The proposed ADPLL was designed in SMIC 180 nm CMOS process. The measured results show a lock range of 640-to-1920 MHz with a 40 MHz reference frequency. The ADPLL core occupies 0.04 mm2, and the power consumption is 29.48 mW, with a 1.8 V supply. The longest locking time is 23 reference cycles, 575 ns, at 1.92 GHz. When the ADPLL operates at 1.28 GHz–1.6 GHz, the locking time is the shortest, only 9 reference cycles, 225 ns. Compared with the recent high-performance ADPLLs, our design shows advantages of small area, short locking time, and wide tuning range.

Conscious and Preconscious Influences on Recall: A Reassessment and Extension

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Stein ◽  
Robert H. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Word List ◽  
Control Word ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Primary Associate ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
And Control

In an attempt to replicate the Spence (1964) finding that primary recall hinders the recall of primary associates, an experiment controlling for serial position and associative clustering effects was performed. Results were obtained which indicate facilitation rather than restriction of associate recall after primary recall. Spence-type results were obtained, however, with Ss whose scores were above the sample mean on the Extraversion scale of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. In addition, hypotheses based on Eysenck's theories concerning introversion-extraversion and anxiety were tested as to their efficacy in predicting the amount and pattern of primary associate (associates to the primary of a word list) and control word associate (associates related to a primary which does not appear in the word list) recall. As predicted, extraversion correlated with the degree to which S alternated between primary associates and control associates during recall. Anxiety was not related to any of the experimental measures.

scholarly journals Towards a distributed connectionist account of cognates and interlingual homographs: evidence from semantic relatedness tasks

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva D. Poort ◽  
Jennifer M. Rodd
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Response Competition ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Control Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Interlingual Homographs

Background Current models of how bilinguals process cognates (e.g., “wolf”, which has the same meaning in Dutch and English) and interlingual homographs (e.g., “angel”, meaning “insect’s sting” in Dutch) are based primarily on data from lexical decision tasks. A major drawback of such tasks is that it is difficult—if not impossible—to separate processes that occur during decision making (e.g., response competition) from processes that take place in the lexicon (e.g., lateral inhibition). Instead, we conducted two English semantic relatedness judgement experiments. Methods In Experiment 1, highly proficient Dutch–English bilinguals (N = 29) and English monolinguals (N = 30) judged the semantic relatedness of word pairs that included a cognate (e.g., “wolf”–“howl”; n = 50), an interlingual homograph (e.g., “angel”–“heaven”; n = 50) or an English control word (e.g., “carrot”–“vegetable”; n = 50). In Experiment 2, another group of highly proficient Dutch–English bilinguals (N = 101) read sentences in Dutch that contained one of those cognates, interlingual homographs or the Dutch translation of one of the English control words (e.g., “wortel” for “carrot”) approximately 15 minutes prior to completing the English semantic relatedness task. Results In Experiment 1, there was an interlingual homograph inhibition effect of 39 ms only for the bilinguals, but no evidence for a cognate facilitation effect. Experiment 2 replicated these findings and also revealed that cross-lingual long-term priming had an opposite effect on the cognates and interlingual homographs: recent experience with a cognate in Dutch speeded processing of those items 15 minutes later in English but slowed processing of interlingual homographs. However, these priming effects were smaller than previously observed using a lexical decision task. Conclusion After comparing our results to studies in both the bilingual and monolingual domain, we argue that bilinguals appear to process cognates and interlingual homographs as monolinguals process polysemes and homonyms, respectively. In the monolingual domain, processing of such words is best modelled using distributed connectionist frameworks. We conclude that it is necessary to explore the viability of such a model for the bilingual case. Data, scripts, materials and pre-registrations. Experiment 1: http://www.osf.io/ndb7p; Experiment 2: http://www.osf.io/2at49.

control-word line

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Word

Stroop-Like Serial Position Effects in Color Naming of Words and Nonwords

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey H. C. Marmurek ◽  
Caroline Proctor ◽  
Andrea Javor
Keyword(s):  
Color Naming ◽  
Control Word ◽  
Initial Letter ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Color Response ◽  
Initial Onset ◽  
Lexical Processes ◽  
Naming Latencies

Color-naming latencies to noncolor words and nonwords were faster when the onset or final phoneme of the displays corresponded to the onset or final phoneme of the color response. For example, for displays printed in red, the word rack and nonword rask, which share the initial onset phoneme with the response, led to faster naming than did the control word chap and nonword chup. Conversely, when the onset or final phoneme of the displays matched the onset or final phoneme of a conflicting color response (e.g., rack printed in blue), latencies were longer than to control items. Facilitation effects were stronger than interference effects, and the onset phoneme facilitation effect was augmented by coloring only the initial letter in the display. It is hypothesized that nonlexical processes that govern the translation of print to speech may be a source of facilitation in Stroop-like tasks, whereas lexical processes are more likely to contribute to interference.

control word

2006 ◽  
pp. 304-304
Keyword(s):  
Control Word

scholarly journals Processing of Phonological and Orthographic Information in Word Recognition in Discourse Reading

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824401986150
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Wang ◽  
Degao Li
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Control Word ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Target Pair ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Prime Word ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Prime Target ◽  
First Words

To examine the processing of phonological and configurational information in word recognition in discourse reading, we conducted two experiments using the self-paced reading paradigm. The materials were three-sentence discourses, in each of which the last word of the second sentence and the third word from the end of the last sentence formed a prime–target pair. The discourse in which the target word (T) was semantically congruent or incongruent with the prime word was converted into a new version by replacing the T with its homophone or with the control word (con-T) in Experiment 1. Similarly, the Ts were replaced by words that were similar to them in configuration or by the con-Ts in Experiment 2. We adopted mixed-effects modeling to analyze the participants’ reading times to the targets, the first words after the targets, and the second words after the targets. It is concluded that the processing of phonological information begins earlier than that of configurational information in activating the semantic representations for the upcoming words that fit the context in discourse reading.

Vulnerability of Control Word in Conditional Access Systems Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Akshay Singhal ◽  
Sumit Soman ◽  
Rishi Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Control Word ◽  
Conditional Access

Indexing and Control-Word Techniques

1959 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Blaauw
Keyword(s):  
Control Word ◽  
And Control

A Method to Improve the Accuracy of Adjustable Phase Difference of Signal Generator

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 823-827
Author(s):  
Jian Guo ◽  
Bing Wu Liu ◽  
Ping Ping Dong
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Phase Control ◽  
Control Word ◽  
Signal Generator ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
Frequency Synthesis ◽  
Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Phase Setting ◽  
Low Efficiency

Direct digital frequency synthesis (DDFS) technology is applied widely in traditional fields which need signal source since it has a lot of advantages such as high frequency resolution, fast frequency setting and conversion speed and so on. Based on the working principle of DDFS, it is very important to calculate the phase control word when synthesizing the continuous adjustable phase difference signals. To address the shortcoming of large computation, low efficiency of phase difference setting, more storage space occupied or significant cumulative errors of phase setting when calculating phase control word with traditional methods, a novel algorithm for computing phase control word is studied in this paper. This new method does not need large computation and more space and simultaneously it can decrease the error greatly, which plays an important role in improving the phase setting speed and precision in signal generator.

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