Numerical Simulation of a Physiological Mathematical Model of Energy Consumption in a Sarcomere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
K. G. Flores-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Release ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Analytical Tools

The paradigm of biological systems provides a framework to quantify the behavior of biological processes. Mathe-matical modeling is one of the analytical tools of biological systems used to reproduce the variables of a system for prediction. This article presents the analysis of muscular contraction, the physiological process responsible of generating force in skeletal muscle, from the point of view of mathematical modeling. The aim is to provide nume-rical evidences about the force generated by the sarcomere, and the energy required to produce such a force. The proposed scheme includes a model to activate the contractile cycle, based on the action potential that reaches the neuromuscular junction, the calcium release into the sarcoplasm, the contraction response, and the quantification of the energy that the sarcomere requires to perform mechanical work. The results shows that the proposed scheme is acceptable because it reproduces experimental data of force, velocity, and energy reported in the literature. The results of the proposed scheme are encouraging to scale the model at the muscle or muscle group level, in such a way that the quantification of energy can be an alternative to the indirect estimation methods of energy consump-tion that currently exist.

In situ TEM studies of irradiation effects for materials improvement

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
Charles W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Analytical Tools

Irradiation effects studies employing TEMs as analytical tools have been conducted for almost as many years as materials people have done TEM, motivated largely by materials needs for nuclear reactor development. Such studies have focussed on the behavior both of nuclear fuels and of materials for other reactor components which are subjected to radiation-induced degradation. Especially in the 1950s and 60s, post-irradiation TEM analysis may have been coupled to in situ (in reactor or in pile) experiments (e.g., irradiation-induced creep experiments of austenitic stainless steels). Although necessary from a technological point of view, such experiments are difficult to instrument (measure strain dynamically, e.g.) and control (temperature, e.g.) and require months or even years to perform in a nuclear reactor or in a spallation neutron source. Consequently, methods were sought for simulation of neutroninduced radiation damage of materials, the simulations employing other forms of radiation; in the case of metals and alloys, high energy electrons and high energy ions.

Integrating the whole from the sum of the parts: vignettes in computational biology

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Skolnick
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Computational Biology ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Biological Variables

As is typical of contemporary cutting-edge interdisciplinary fields, computational biology touches and impacts many disciplines ranging from fundamental studies in the areas of genomics, proteomics transcriptomics, lipidomics to practical applications such as personalized medicine, drug discovery, and synthetic biology. This editorial examines the multifaceted role computational biology plays. Using the tools of deep learning, it can make powerful predictions of many biological variables, which may not provide a deep understanding of what factors contribute to the phenomena. Alternatively, it can provide the how and the why of biological processes. Most importantly, it can help guide and interpret what experiments and biological systems to study.

Artificial systems as models in biological cybernetics

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titus R. Neumann ◽  
Susanne Huber ◽  
Heinrich H. Bülthoff
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Real World ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Biological Relevance ◽  
Insect Biology

From the perspective of biological cybernetics, “real world” robots have no fundamental advantage over computer simulations when used as models for biological behavior. They can even weaken biological relevance. From an engineering point of view, however, robots can benefit from solutions found in biological systems. We emphasize the importance of this distinction and give examples for artificial systems based on insect biology.

Van der Waals forces in biological systems

1973 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob N. Israelachvili
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Van Der Waals Forces ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
The Way

The theory of van der Waals forces has now developed to a stage where it constitutes a powerful tool in theoretical investigations of many biological systems. In this review we shall consider both the theoretical and conceptual aspects of these forces with the emphasis on the way they may be involved in various biological processes.

scholarly journals Cross-species comparisons and in vitro models to study tempo in development and homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rayon ◽  
James Briscoe
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Autonomous Control ◽  
Tissue Transplantation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Insight Into

Time is inherent to biological processes. It determines the order of events and the speed at which they take place. However, we still need to refine approaches to measure the course of time in biological systems and understand what controls the pace of development. Here, we argue that the comparison of biological processes across species provides molecular insight into the timekeeping mechanisms in biology. We discuss recent findings and the open questions in the field and highlight the use of in vitro systems as tools to investigate cell-autonomous control as well as the coordination of temporal mechanisms within tissues. Further, we discuss the relevance of studying tempo for tissue transplantation, homeostasis and lifespan.

scholarly journals A Fundamental Fear-Eurocentrism and the Emergence of lslamism

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
A.M. Asmal
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Satanic Verses ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
Fair Game ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Clash Of Civilisations ◽  
Fear Mongering ◽  
Narrative Framework ◽  
Analytical Tools

At first this book looks like another eye-catching, fear-mongering title aboutIslam. Are these books promoted by profit-hungry publishers or by underpaidfretful academics? Or has Islam become fair game for a wider unrestrainedacademia replacing the Orientalist school with newer analytical tools? Somepreliminary remarks, or a contextualization, might be useful here.Whatever its “resurgent” form, Islam is presenting something of an enigmaticchallenge for all. From the bazaars of the East to the sidewalks of the West,it refuses to lie down or go away. Attempts to discount it, ignore it or even suppressit have not succeeded. This hauntingly recurring phenomenon (p. 1) needsto be relabeled and reassessed. But the doubt lingers that representing it as “terrorism,”“theocracy,” “obscurantism,” “fundamentalism,” or “religious extremism”has muddied waters even more. Feeding popular fears with such preconfiguredterminology has neither satiated curiosity, quelled fears, nor broughtanyone closer to the truth.Compounding the picture is the “location” of the writers of such works: theworld-view, epistemology, discourse theory, or narrative framework fromwhich they approach Islam. The much-heralded objectivity of academia issacrosanct no more. Relativity, subjectivity, and the actor’s point of view are invogue. Old Orientalist views and definitions of the non-Occidental world arebeing overwhelmed by an array of (neo-Orientalist) analyses from a variety ofdiscourse perspectives.These analytical tools, even if applied with some success to their own societiesand disciplines this past century, don’t seem to have much of a shelf lifewhile some are less effective than others: positivist assertions fast give way torealist or inteqretivist ones; modernist perspectives to postmodemist ones; andstructuralist interpretations to poststructuralist ones. And when applied to Islamand Muslim societies, the results of these approaches can be bewildering (asshown by Rushdie’s Satanic Verses), and so can their effects (as shown byHuntingdon’s Clash of Civilisations prognostication).From its side, the Muslim world is all the more perplexed at the persistenceof such stereotypical labeling and analyses. Generally unfamiliar with these“new” tools, their reaction is either to ignore this “demonology of fundamentalism”(p. 16) or to interpret it as another of the West’s conspiracies against Islam.Sometimes it results in outright hostility (as shown by Khomeini’s fatwa andBradford’s book burning) or crude attempts at redress in reciprocal terms (as inAkbar Ahmed‘s Postmodernity and Islam). To western experts, such reactionscan only seem woefully inadequate.Furthermore, the apparently monolithic scenario of western experts with theirwestern critiques of the non-West is complicated by the emerging presence ofnonwestern migrants and their offspring on the westem academic scene. Taken ...

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