scholarly journals Code-switching in English Language Education: Voices from Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhan Trong Nguyen ◽  
Peter Grainger ◽  
Michael Carey
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
English Only ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
English Competence

Why do bilingual language teachers and students switch between the two languages in their language classrooms? On the evidence of current research findings in relation to English-Vietnamese code-switching in the educational contexts of Vietnam, this article identifies that classroom code-switching between the second language and the first language has its own pedagogic functions and it can be a valuable language classroom resource to both teachers and learners. In Vietnam, the implementation of the monolingual approach of teaching English-through-English-only faces many challenges such as inadequate classroom resources, students’ low levels of English competence, motivation and autonomy, teachers’ limited English abilities, and inappropriate teaching methods. Many Vietnamese teachers of English support code-switching in the classroom and they teach English through the bilingual approach. English-Vietnamese code-switching is reported not to be a restriction on the acquisition of English; rather, it can facilitate the teaching and learning of general English in Vietnam. This practice of code-switching is not just due to a lack of sufficient proficiency to maintain a conversation in English; rather, it serves a number of pedagogic functions such as explaining new words and grammatical rules, giving feedback, checking comprehension, making comparison between English and Vietnamese, establishing good rapport between teachers and students, creating a friendly classroom atmosphere and supporting group dynamics.

scholarly journals Code-switching in Malaysian Classroom as the Microcosm of Society in Socio-cultural Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Caesar DeAlwis
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Esl Teachers ◽  
English Only ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Multilingual Societies ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Teaching English as a second language is distinctive because of its specific needs. Facing a competitive market, students from young need to acquire communicative skills in English for future studies and employment. However, outside the classroom, it is no longer just a norm for multilingual societies to code- switch but rather code–switching has become a part of their unique speech style. As such in the teaching service, ESL teachers may not be able to isolate themselves from such a social norm. The question of whether English language teachers should code-switch in the classrooms has been much debated with mostresearchers maintained that teachers who code-switch, may end up invalidating the second language of students. Cases of students having low level of English proficiency to understand a teacher’s input or students too reluctant to participate in learning because they feel incompetent in the English language classrooms are common concerns to all ESL teachers. Therefore, should the ESL teachers code-switch to make them understood? Or should the English only policy be used and different from the wider multi-cultural linguistic environment? The data collection technique used in this study was audio recording and unstructured interview with 10 TESL teachers, teaching in Sarawak, Malaysia. The perceptions of ESL teachers who generally suggest that code-switching is a common phenomenon and not interference in ELT are pertinent issues to be discussed.

Challenges in Implementing the CEFR in English Language Classrooms

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Nur Athirah Mohammed ◽  
Abdul Halim Abdul Raof ◽  
Masdinah Alauyah Md Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
English Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
English Language Teachers

The adoption of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) in the English Language Education Roadmap 2015-2025 is a reform effort to enhance the standard of our students’ English language proficiency level. While it is a commendable initiative, its implementation in schools has received mixed reactions especially from teachers who are confronted with a number of challenges. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the nature of challenges encountered by English language teachers in implementing the CEFR in their classrooms. Data for this study were collected from questionnaires gathered from 117 English language teachers in primary schools in Johor Bahru district. The findings revealed the challenges were related to teachers’ English language proficiency level, designing class activities, students’ participation in class, the textbooks used, teachers’ workload, and students’ proficiency level. The challenges were found to be inter-related and could be traced to lack of CEFR-related training, insufficient teaching and learning materials, constraint of time, and the policy which does not allow for students to be streamed based on their proficiency level. All this seemed to make it more difficult for the teachers to implement the CEFR successfully.

scholarly journals Virtual Teaching and Learning of English As A Second Language in Selected Secondary Schools Isu-Ikwuato, L. G. A. Abia State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Bernard Meshach Aguma ◽  
◽  
Caroline Kinuu Kimathi ◽  
Martin Situma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Virtual Teaching

The adoption of virtual teaching and learning of a second language in the Nigerian educational system has received little attention. COVID-19 lock-down, imposed by the governments of the nations, forced educational institutions globally and locally to adapt virtual teaching and learning of English language. This research paper investigated the challenges of virtual teaching and learning of a second language (English) in selected secondary schools, Isu Ikwuato L.A. Abia State, Nigeria. It used a mixed method convergent parallel research design. The purposive sampling technique was used to select secondary schools that adopted virtual teaching and learning. The targeted population was 2000 English students and teachers with a sample size of 333. The results revealed that the schools made use of synchronous, asynchronous and blended types of online teaching and learning, and the students had a positive attitude. Both students and teachers experienced challenges of poor network, lack of ICT training, unstable electricity, and financial constraint. This study recommends the following: Language Policy Makers in Nigerian Educational System to map out the strategies that will incorporate online second language teaching and learning skills in the curriculum. That Marist Educational Board in partnership with the Ministry of Education in Nigeria, provide virtual supplementary materials for English language education. Adequate virtual training to be provided for English teachers and students. That the challenges of internet fluctuation, power shortage, insufficient virtual materials, inadequate funds, technical issues, virtual skills be addressed by all the stakeholders in education.

scholarly journals The Role of Counselling in English Language Teaching

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
M. John Britto
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
English Language Teachers

Counselling plays a significant role in bringing out a remarkable change in an individual’s personal and professional life. It has entered a number of domains including education. As human problems are mushrooming day by day in this hi-tech world, there is a dire need for finding solutions to those problems. It is counselling that comes to one’s aid to solve one’s problems that are psychological and personal. In English language teaching and learning too, there are multiple problems encountered by teachers and students as well. This paper discusses how counselling is indispensable to English Language Teaching (ELT) for finding solutions to problems faced by English language learners. Exploring the relevance of counselling to ELT, it also seeks to highlight the benefits of integrating it with ELT. It brings out the need for introspection of English language teachers to provide counselling to students. It enumerates various counselling skills, and presents an account of problem-solving method in ELT and eight approaches to counselling.

scholarly journals A proposal of reflection on English Grammar Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Isael Gómez López ◽  
Yoel Pérez Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Grammar Teaching ◽  
English Only ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
English Language Teachers ◽  
Relationship Of

The present work poses a reflection with the English language teachers on the importance that should be awarded to grammar in the teaching and learning of this language. Without leaving aside the integrating character promoted by the communicative approach in the treatment of the leading skills and the insertion of the students in communicative situations that enables the practice in linguistic habits formation through the development of the different components that are part of the communicative competence, the author expresses some ideas and criteria on how the professorship can teach grammar by means of the abilities to speak and write in English, and not English only through grammar.Cross grammar teaching from the leading skills-according to what is being analyzed by this author_ provides the tools and is the vehicle to carry out any communicative endeavor beyond the classroom. The author presents a system of exercises that show the transversal relationship of grammar with the leading skills. For the development of this work some methods were used such as: historic-logical, analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural-functional and the documentary revision. With the applicationof this grammatical proposal the students improved their speaking and writing skills, and their linguistic self-confidence was increased as well.

scholarly journals English language teachers’ perspectives on learner autonomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 220-232
Author(s):  
Chetnath Panta
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Learner Autonomy ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
English Language Teachers ◽  
Teachers Perspectives

This study explores the perceptions and practices of the English language teachers to create autonomous learning environment in the context of Nepalese secondary EFL classroom. The study further unpacks the role of the teachers in creating better learning opportunities for learners so as to promote learner autonomy. The research is based on interpretive paradigm to look into kaleidoscopic view of variety of perspectives, classroom practices and emerging dilemmas of the teachers. Based on the findings, the research showcases the deep rooted social practices and myths to bring tensions in the relation between teachers and students. The school environment has to be homely and autonomy supportive. It seems pertinent to think over the concept of learner autonomy globally and act locally adapting the global trends and issues of teaching and learning, and at the same time, there is a dire need to remain mindful of the translated concept of learner autonomy thinking contextually and pragmatically.

scholarly journals Teachers’ and Students’ Attitudes towards L1 Use in EFL Classrooms in the Contexts of Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Israt Jahan Shuchi ◽  
A B M Shafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Major Subject ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
L1 Use

<p>The role of a mother tongue (L1) in the teaching and learning of a foreign language (FL) has been the subject of much debate and controversy. This paper reports on a piece of research carried out in our own teaching environments (at universities both in Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia) and presents an analysis of the attitudes of students and teachers towards the use of learners’ mother tongue (in this case Bengali and Arabic) in English language classrooms at the tertiary level where English is taught as a non-major subject. For the study, two surveys with the same questionnaires were conducted in two universities each from Bangladesh and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with the participation of 1000 students and 30 teachers. Results suggest that a judicious and moderate use of L1 does not hinder learning; rather, it assists, aids and facilitates the teaching and learning process thus providing the teacher with an effective pedagogical tool for maximizing the learning outcomes.</p>

scholarly journals Classroom Code Switching of English Language Teachers at Tertiary Level: A Bangladeshi Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 40-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargis Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
English Language ◽  
Survey Result ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
English Language Teachers ◽  
Class Room

Classroom code switching is a common scenario in many multi lingual and multicultural classes. In a monolingual country like Bangladesh, classroom code switching has some distinctive attributes. As a part of the global transformation in the methods and techniques of English language teaching, we need to consider classroom code switching as a fact which cannot be ignored in any way especially in a country like Bangladesh where English is taught as a foreign language. In most of the cases Bangladeshi students tend to switch codes, but it is also common in teachers’ discourse. This paper aims to focus on the reasons for teachers’ code switching and the attitude of the teachers and students towards classroom code switching. A survey was conducted for data collection where two different sets of questionnaires were used for teachers and students. 20 English language teachers and 37 undergrad students from different universities participated in the survey. The findings of the survey result in identifying the reasons for teachers’ code switching like ease of communication, explanation, maintaining discipline in the classroom, translation of the unknown terms etc. On the other hand, although many teachers consider that they should not switch codes in the class room, students possess a positive attitude towards it. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v7i0.14462 Stamford Journal of English; Volume 7; Page 40-61

scholarly journals The Cultural and Historical Elements in the Foreign Language Teaching and Learning: the Polish Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 335-362
Author(s):  
Mateusz Bogdanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Learning And Teaching

The article calls for a thorough revision of the cultural and historical content of English language curricula at all levels of the Polish educational system. The benefits of coordinated and well-managed language education based on cultural and historical content are outlined. The article is based on the author’s research into part-time university students who are English language teachers, as well as the cultural and historical background knowledge imparted during English classes. The study was conducted at the Department of English Studies of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn in 2010–2019. The article expounds the reasons behind students’ and teachers’ reluctance towards incorporating cultural and historical content into English language curricula. The benefits stemming from cultural and historical background knowledge for teachers, students and foreign language teaching in general are discusses. Based on these observations, the last part of the article explores the most effective methods for promoting, introducing, implementing and developing teaching modules that incorporate cultural and historical knowledge. Culture and history-related content would undoubtedly increase the attractiveness and efficacy of language programs, promote competence development (linguistic, extra-linguistic, and general) among students and teachers, increase motivation in the learning and teaching process, and deliver tangible benefits for schools.

scholarly journals Students’ Attitudes towards the Use of Slovene as L1 in Teaching and Learning of Business English at Tertiary Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Nataša Gajšt
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Business English ◽  
English Only ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Learning English

Over the past decades, the monolingual (English-only) approach to English language teaching and learning has prevailed. In recent years, however, the trend of using students’ first language (L1) in teaching and learning English as a foreign language has re-emerged. However, the research on the use of L1 in teaching English for specific purposes is far from extensive. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Slovene as the students’ L1 in teaching and learning Business English at tertiary level. The specific objectives were to determine the students’ attitudes towards the teachers’ and the students’ use of Slovene during Business English lessons and the students’ use of Slovene in learning Business English. The present study was quantitative, with data gathered via a questionnaire. The results show that, on the one hand, there is some inclination towards the use of L1 both in class and during their study of Business English. On the other hand, the preference towards the use of predominantly (or exclusively) English in class is also present and is positively correlated with the level of students’ knowledge of English. The results are of value to English language teachers as they suggest the contexts in which students’ L1 could be used in the process of teaching and learning English for specific purposes.

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