Role of Advertising Strategies on Product Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Rwanda: A Case of Rwaspices Ltd

Advertising strategies and product performance are very important facets of a company for surviving in the worldwide competitive souk. Advertising strategies define the achievement of a business by the way advertising has be accomplished every day. The purpose of study was to explore the role of advertising strategies on product performance of manufacturing firms in Rwanda with specific reference to RwaSpices Ltd. The study is significant to the management of RwaSpices Ltd and other manufacturing firms. This study used three theories namely Bettman model, Consumer behavioral models and Howard – Sheth Model. The research design for this study was descriptive research and data was analyzed by use of quantitative and qualitative methods. The target population of the study comprised of ninety-nine (99) employees of RwaSpices Ltd. The study involved a small population hence a census was conducted. To ascertain the validity and reliability of the study, the researcher conducted a pilot study. Using descriptive and inferential statistics the researcher then made the conclusions on the study from the findings on how advertising strategies affect the product performance of local manufactured products using SPSS. Advertising has a great effect on product performance from the results it was found out that advertising had an overall mean 3.92 with a standard deviation of 0.415 which also showed that Rwaspices ltd have advertised their product well in the local markets.

A Systematic Mapping Study of Digital Marketing and Large Manufacturing Firms: Perspective from Japan

The very rapid development of ICT in the digital era has an impact on various lines of life, including changes in consumer behavior in shopping. Business people need to know the proper use of digital marketing in order to effectively target appropriate consumers. Digital marketing describes the use of technology in marketing efforts and business practices by marketing goods, services, information, and ideas via the internet, cell phones, display advertisements, and other electronic media. Data-driven marketing uncovers a variety of tactics to approach, attract, resuscitate, delight, and drive customers to online marketing. Digital marketing facilitates many-to-many communications because of the high level of connectivity and is usually used to promote products or services in a timely, relevant, more personal, and cost-effective manner. Marketing activities are carried out intensively using digital media, from promotions or product offers to product sales. Today, a website is arguably the most crucial element of your entire marketing strategy. Even a simple site without a lead capturing process or sales page will be consulted as a digital business card before a deal is struck or a purchase is made. For this reason, overhauling outdated designs to keep up with industry standards is a no-brainer. Traditional advertising is not completely dead yet. Manufacturers still use formal events like trade shows to good effect, and often spend on TV spots, magazines, and other traditional media forms. Based on the available literature, the old method of print advertising and radio ads still work but they are becoming less effective as people look to online sources for their shopping. Manufacturing companies still use these old school methods like networking events and trade shows and they still produce results. Keywords: Systematic mapping, Digital Marketing, Manufacturing, Industrial Revolution.

Virtual Teaching and Learning of English As A Second Language in Selected Secondary Schools Isu-Ikwuato, L. G. A. Abia State, Nigeria

The adoption of virtual teaching and learning of a second language in the Nigerian educational system has received little attention. COVID-19 lock-down, imposed by the governments of the nations, forced educational institutions globally and locally to adapt virtual teaching and learning of English language. This research paper investigated the challenges of virtual teaching and learning of a second language (English) in selected secondary schools, Isu Ikwuato L.A. Abia State, Nigeria. It used a mixed method convergent parallel research design. The purposive sampling technique was used to select secondary schools that adopted virtual teaching and learning. The targeted population was 2000 English students and teachers with a sample size of 333. The results revealed that the schools made use of synchronous, asynchronous and blended types of online teaching and learning, and the students had a positive attitude. Both students and teachers experienced challenges of poor network, lack of ICT training, unstable electricity, and financial constraint. This study recommends the following: Language Policy Makers in Nigerian Educational System to map out the strategies that will incorporate online second language teaching and learning skills in the curriculum. That Marist Educational Board in partnership with the Ministry of Education in Nigeria, provide virtual supplementary materials for English language education. Adequate virtual training to be provided for English teachers and students. That the challenges of internet fluctuation, power shortage, insufficient virtual materials, inadequate funds, technical issues, virtual skills be addressed by all the stakeholders in education.

Identity Construction in Adichies two texts Half of a Yellow Sun, and Purple Hibiscus

The study attempts to examine Identity construction in Adichies texts, Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) and Purple Hibiscus (2003). The study was guided by the reader response theory. A critical reading of the texts has revealed that, every character in both texts has been struggling in constructing his/her identity. The study involved three aspects of identity, which included self, social, and national identity. All children in texts struggle to carve out their own identities through interaction with the environment through which they pass they through. Chimamanfa Adichie is also introducing the concept of social identity, where by the elite in Half of a Yellow Sun organizes to meet in Odenigbo house and share different ideas concerning Pan Africanism, tribalism, nation, and race. Likewise in Purple Hibiscus, the family of aunty Ifeoma with father Amadi helps Jaja and Kambili to build their social identity through interaction, and engaging them into different activities. National identity is also discussed in this study by involving both children and adult characters from the texts. Everyone is looking forward on possible ways in which they can put their hands together to bring harmony and peace in their country. Keywords: Identity, Construction, Adichies texts, Half, Yellow, Sun, Purple, Hibiscus.