scholarly journals Increasing the Efficiency of the Autothermal Processing of Coal in a Fluidized Bed

2021 ◽  
pp. 408-415
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Loginov ◽  
Sergey V. Demenchuk ◽  
Sergey R. Islamov
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Product Range ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Boiler Units ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
The Cost

The results of work on increasing the efficiency of heat energy production in standard boiler units using the «TERMOKOKS-KS» technology by intensifying the energy-technological processing of coal in a fluidized bed are presented. A significant increase in productivity has been established when removing small grades from coal and subsequent drying of coal, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of the obtained heat energy. The coarsening of the particles of the obtained browncoal coke with a decrease in the moisture content of the coal was revealed, which increases its transport characteristics. The range of temperatures of stable operation of the fluidized bed has been increased, due to which the product range of the «TERMOKOKS-KS» process has been expanded. The heat and material balances of the processes of combined production of heat energy and carbon-containing products are presented

scholarly journals Determination of the Dielectric Loss Factor of a Grain-Air Mixture of Wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Dmitriy A. Budnikov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Microwave Field ◽  
Loss Coefficient ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
The Cost

Abstract. The paper presents the data on the energy intensity of the heat treatment of grain during post-harvest processing caused by both the cost of energy and the grain moisture content. The development of processing modes using electrical technologies, in general, and electromagnetic fields, in particular, can make it possible to reduce the cost of these processes. Heat treatment is applied to the grain of various crops at the stages of drying, disinfection, preparation for feeding, etc. When developing them, it is necessary to take into account the types of applied electrical technologies, such as, for example, infrared fields, microwave fields, etc. (Research purpose) To determine the dielectric properties (dielectric loss coefficient) of a wheat grain-air mixture with a moisture content of 11-30 percents with a layer density of 220-660 kilogram per cubic meter. (Materials and methods) The authors present a diagram of a laboratory installation, carried out experimental studies to determine the dielectric loss coefficient of a fluidized bed of wheat grain. (Results and discussion) The authors conducted a two-factor experiment to determine the effect of moisture and density of a grain bulk on the dielectric loss factor, which determines the power absorbed from the microwave source. As a result, they obtained the studied relationships. (Conclusions) It was found that the dielectric loss coefficient at a grain moisture content of 11-30 percents is in the range of 0.18-0.42 for a dense grain bed of 660 kilogram per cubic meter, 0.06-0.15 for a fluidized bed (440 kilogram per cubic meter); and for a weighted bed (220 kilogram per cubic meter) 0.1-0.3. The authors calculated a dependence of the dielectric loss coefficient of a wheat grain-and-air layer on the grain moisture content and the layer density, which can be described by a polynomial model of a second power. The study showed that fluidization of the grain bed increases the efficiency of the microwave field, as due to a decrease in the dielectric loss coefficient, the depth of field penetration into the layer increases. It is recommended to use the microwave field in a dense bed of grain when drying wheat, thus reducing moisture from 16 to 14 percent.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF REED RECOURSES IN THE LUBANS LAKE AND SUBSTANTIATION OF THEIR USE IN ENERGY PRODUCTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgars Čubars ◽  
Gotfrīds Noviks
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
Carbon Quality

The paper presents the results of evaluation of reed resources in Latvia largest lake Lubans and for comparison in the small lake Kovshu. The investigation proved that resources of reeds are sufficient to replace from 2 to7 thousand tons of different fossil fuel. Measured reed physical properties- carbon quality, ash content and structure, moisture content proved that reeds are profitable fuel for heat energy production.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Influence of the Gangue in the Coal as Fired on the Coal Conveying System and the Boiler Operation of the Circulating Fluidized Bed Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Su Pan ◽  
Yu Pengfeng ◽  
Linbo Liu ◽  
Han Jing ◽  
Xiao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
Boiler Operation ◽  
Conveying System

The coal as fired, with unidentified characteristics of the coal gangue, was burned on a 300MW circulating fluidized bed unit. The equipment of the coal conveying system was damaged and the boiler operation was unstable. In response to the problems, the coal quality data and storage conditions of the coal were examined and the site was spot-checked to evaluate the coal quality characteristics. At the same time, the typical representative parameters of the coal handling system and boiler operation were selected. According to the analysis of coal quality and coal storage, the coal quality fluctuates greatly and the uniformity of particle size distribution is poor. There is actually the coal gangue with hard texture and hard to grind in the coal pile. The coal gangue will have adverse effects on the fine screening machine, fine crusher and other equipment. After burned this type of coal, the fluidized quality of the boiler bed is degraded to make an impact on the safe and stable operation of the boiler. It is recommended that the coal should be screened and then burned into the furnace to ensure safe and stable operation of the boiler.

Design of Hybrid Drying- Dedusting Unit Processor for Rough Rice Processing

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Law Chung Lim ◽  
Wan Ramli Wan Daud
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Fluidized Bed Dryer ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Superficial Gas Velocity

Advanced drying technology enables drying of rough rice and dedusting of rice husks to be carried out simultaneously in the same unit processor. This paper reports the efficiency of dedusting of rice husks in a two-stage inclined cross flow fluidized bed dryer and the drying kinetics of rough rice in a batch fluidized bed dryer as well as the conceptual design of a hybrid drying – dedusting unit processor. Experimental works had been carried out using rough rice (a Group D particle according to Geldart classification of powders) in a 2.5 m height two-stage inclined fluidized bed column of cross sectional area of 0.61m x 0.15m and a 3 m high batch fluidized bed dryer. The objectives of the study was to investigate the separation efficiency of dedusting of rice husks in the two-stage cross flow fluidized bed dryer and to study the drying kinetics of rough rice drying in the batch fluidized bed dryer. The experimental results showed that the dedusting separation efficiency at low superficial gas velocity gave unsatisfactory separation of merely 40% of rice husks. At higher superficial gas velocity, separation efficiency of rice husks as high as 93% was achieved. In addition, higher distributor inclination angle gave slightly improved separation efficiency. The drying kinetics showed that the residence time that is required to reduce the moisture content of rough rice to 18% (intermediate storage moisture content for second stage drying) is 3 minutes whereas the residence time that is required to reduce the moisture content to 13% (desirable final moisture content) is approximately 10 minutes regardless of the effect of kernel cracking. It was also found that higher drying temperatures gave higher drying rate. A conceptual design has been developed based on the results obtained in the studies. In order to maximize the heat utilization and to carry out two processes viz. dedusting and drying in one unit processor, it is suggested that drying – dedusting can be carried out in a multistage mode where drying is taken place at each stage while dedusting is taking place at the upper stage. This concept can be applied to a packed bed or a fluidized bed unit processor.

scholarly journals Energetic characterization and radiographic analysis of torrefied coated MDF residues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Gabriella Surdi de Castro ◽  
Vinícius Resende de Castro ◽  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Wood Panel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energetic Characterization ◽  
Elementary Chemical

AbstractThe use of wood panel residues as biomass for energy production is feasible. Heat treatments can improve energy properties while minimizing the emission of toxic gases due to thermoset polymers used in Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) panels. Torrefaction or pre-carbonization, a heat treatment between 200 and 300 °C with low oxygen availability accumulates carbon and lignin, decreases hygroscopicity, and increases energy efficiency. The objective of this work was to evaluate the energy parameters (immediate, structural, and elementary chemical composition, moisture content, and yield) and density in torrefied MDF panels. The torrefaction improved the energetic features of coated MDF, decreasing the moisture content, volatile matter, and consequently, concentrating the carbon with better results in the samples torrefied for 40 min. The densitometric profiles of the torrefied MDF, obtained by X-ray densitometry, showed a decrease in the apparent density as torrefaction time increased. The digital X-ray images in gray and rainbow scale enabled the most detailed study of the density variation of MDF residues.

Identification prediction moisture content of Thai coconut sugar (Cocos nucifera L.) using FT-NIR spectroscopy

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
D. Thumrongchote
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Absorbance Spectrum ◽  
Coconut Tree ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

Coconut sugar is a local sugar from the blossoms of a coconut tree. It has been considered a healthy sugar due to its low glycemic index. There is an attempt to add other sugar to it to lower the cost. Thus, this research aimed to identify Thai coconut sugar and to establish models for predicting the moisture content of coconut sugar by using FT-NIR spectroscopy. Thai coconut sugar samples were purchased from local grocery stores in four provinces, online, and the community market. Their moisture contents were varied and equilibrated for 24 hrs prior to the measurements of moisture and FT-NIR spectra. The results showed that FT-NIR spectra of Thai coconut sugar differ from sucrose, glucose and fructose at the absorbance spectrum of 5379-5011 cm-1 . FT-NIR spectroscopy of 54 known moisture samples of Thai coconut sugar was used to obtain a model to predict moisture content. The predicted equation, using the PLS technique with the Spectrum Quant program, was found to give a standard error of prediction (SEP) 0.077% (less than 0.10%), indicating a non-destructive method of accurately and precisely predicting moisture levels in the coconut sugar. The results obtained suggested that FTNIR spectroscopy has the potential to be used as a tool to identify Thai coconut sugar accurately. It can rapidly predict the moisture content in the sample which will be useful in quality control standards.

scholarly journals Method of producing parboiled rice without steam by fluidized bed dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Asadayuth Mitsiri ◽  
Somkiat Prachayawarakorn ◽  
Sakamon Devahastin ◽  
Wathanyoo Rordprapat ◽  
Somchart Soponronnarit
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
Starch Gelatinization ◽  
Fluidized Bed Dryer ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Head Rice Yield

A more simple methodology of producing parboiled rice is subject to be investigated in this work with proposed the method, the gelatinization of rice starch, commonly taking place at the steaming step in the traditional process, and drying are combined and replaced by a hot air fluidized bed dryer. A pilot-scale continuous fluidized bed, with a maximum capacity of 140-150 kg/h, has been designed, constructed and tested. Suphanburi 90 paddy variety with high amylose content was dipped into hot water at temperatures of 70, 80, 83°C for 4.0, 3.3, 3.2 h, respectively, to get the moisture content around 47-55% db and dried at 150-170°C using air speed of 3.5 m/s. The paddy bed depth within the dryer was 3 and 5 cm. In the dryer operation, the exhaust air was fully recycled and reheated again by 30 kW electrical heaters to the desired temperature. The experimental result has shown that parboiled rice with a different degree of starch gelatinization could be produced by this technique. The degree ranged between 80-100% as examined by differential scanning calorimeter. The exit moisture content was given in a range of 14-21% db, relying on the drying temperature and soaking time. The aforementioned exit moisture contents were not a detrimental effect on head rice yield although the tempering was not included. The head rice yield was given in the range of 59-66%, depending on the degree of starch gelatinization. The starch granules lost their original shape as revealed by scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals Charge Carriers Relaxation Behavior of Cellulose Polymer Insulation Used in Oil Immersed Bushing

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Yu Shang ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Chen Mao ◽  
Sen Wang ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Polarization Current ◽  
Depolarization Current ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Dc Voltage

Cellulose insulation polymer material is widely used in oil immersed bushing. Moisture is one of the important reasons for the deterioration of cellulose polymer insulation, which seriously threatens the safe and stable operation of bushing. It is significant to study the polarization and depolarization behavior of oil-immersed cellulose polymer insulation with different moisture condition under higher voltage. Based on polarization/depolarization current method and charge difference method, the polarization/depolarization current, interfacial polarization current and electrical conductivity of cellulose polymer under different DC voltages and humidity were obtained. Based on molecular-dynamics simulation, the effect of moisture on cellulose polymer insulation was analyzed. The results show that the polarization and depolarization currents become larger with the increase in DC voltage and moisture. The higher applied voltage will accelerate the charge carrier motion. The ionization of water molecules will produce more charge carriers. Thus, high DC voltage and moisture content will increase the interface polarization current. Increased moisture content results in more charge carriers ionized by water molecules. In addition, the invasion of moisture will reduce the band width of cellulose polymer and enhance its electrostatic potential, so as to improve its overall electrical conductivity. This paper provides a reference for analyzing the polarization characteristics of charge carriers in cellulose polymer insulation.

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