scholarly journals SHIFTING GROUNDS: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRACTICE IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoló Dell’Unto ◽  

In the last decade, 3D visualisation has seen a strong diffusion in the cultural heritage sector. The development of more efficient computers, the distribution of friendly user interfaces, and the spread of new sensors for recording and visualising information were pivotal for exploring 3D visualisation technology to support advanced interaction and promote new investigation methods. Since the early 1990s, 3D visualisation was conceived as a dynamic tool for increasing the perception of the archaeological material (Reilly 1991), and 3D models were considered an effective solution for addressing complex questions and revising different hypotheses

Author(s):  
R. Neuville ◽  
J. Pouliot ◽  
F. Poux ◽  
P. Hallot ◽  
L. De Rudder ◽  
...  

This paper deals with the establishment of a comprehensive methodological framework that defines 3D visualisation rules and its application in a decision support tool. Whilst the use of 3D models grows in many application fields, their visualisation remains challenging from the point of view of mapping and rendering aspects to be applied to suitability support the decision making process. Indeed, there exists a great number of 3D visualisation techniques but as far as we know, a decision support tool that facilitates the production of an efficient 3D visualisation is still missing. This is why a comprehensive methodological framework is proposed in order to build decision tables for specific data, tasks and contexts. Based on the second-order logic formalism, we define a set of functions and propositions among and between two collections of entities: on one hand static retinal variables (hue, size, shape…) and 3D environment parameters (directional lighting, shadow, haze…) and on the other hand their effect(s) regarding specific visual tasks. It enables to define 3D visualisation rules according to four categories: consequence, compatibility, potential incompatibility and incompatibility. In this paper, the application of the methodological framework is demonstrated for an urban visualisation at high density considering a specific set of entities. On the basis of our analysis and the results of many studies conducted in the 3D semiotics, which refers to the study of symbols and how they relay information, the truth values of propositions are determined. 3D visualisation rules are then extracted for the considered context and set of entities and are presented into a decision table with a colour coding. Finally, the decision table is implemented into a plugin developed with three.js, a cross-browser JavaScript library. The plugin consists of a sidebar and warning windows that help the designer in the use of a set of static retinal variables and 3D environment parameters.


2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martínez Carrillo ◽  
Arturo Ruiz Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Rubio Paramio

<p>The documentation system of the archaeological material has development in the last years thanks to the application of new technologies. These innovations have been quite useful in the field of the documentation, analysis and visualization of the archaeological artefacts.</p><p>In this article a methodology for the achievement of 3D model of archaeological pottery is exposed. This methodology fits within the CATA project (Archaeological Wheel Pottery of Andalusia in its acronyms in Spanish). The main objective of the project is the implementation of a database which is accessible by Internet, containing assorted information about pottery vessels and fragments found in Andalusia in different periods. This reference collection contains information concerning not only the manufacture process, the description of the surface treatment, or the context of finding of the ceramics, but also 3D models that allows a better knowledge of the vessel.</p>


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Opitz ◽  
Tyler Johnson

This paper discusses the authors’ approach to designing an interface for the Gabii Project’s digital volumes that attempts to fuse elements of traditional synthetic publications and site reports with rich digital datasets. Archaeology, and classical archaeology in particular, has long engaged with questions of the formation and lived experience of towns and cities. Such studies might draw on evidence of local topography, the arrangement of the built environment, and the placement of architectural details, monuments and inscriptions (e.g. Johnson and Millett 2012). Fundamental to the continued development of these studies is the growing body of evidence emerging from new excavations. Digital techniques for recording evidence “on the ground,” notably SFM (structure from motion aka close range photogrammetry) for the creation of detailed 3D models and for scene-level modeling in 3D have advanced rapidly in recent years. These parallel developments have opened the door for approaches to the study of the creation and experience of urban space driven by a combination of scene-level reconstruction models (van Roode et al. 2012, Paliou et al. 2011, Paliou 2013) explicitly combined with detailed SFM or scanning based 3D models representing stratigraphic evidence. It is essential to understand the subtle but crucial impact of the design of the user interface on the interpretation of these models. In this paper we focus on the impact of design choices for the user interface, and make connections between design choices and the broader discourse in archaeological theory surrounding the practice of the creation and consumption of archaeological knowledge. As a case in point we take the prototype interface being developed within the Gabii Project for the publication of the Tincu House. In discussing our own evolving practices in engagement with the archaeological record created at Gabii, we highlight some of the challenges of undertaking theoretically-situated user interface design, and their implications for the publication and study of archaeological materials.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Opitz ◽  
Tyler D. Johnson

AbstractThis paper discusses the authors’ approach to designing an interface for the Gabii Project’s digital volumes that attempts to fuse elements of traditional synthetic publications and site reports with rich digital datasets. Archaeology, and classical archaeology in particular, has long engaged with questions of the formation and lived experience of towns and cities. Such studies might draw on evidence of local topography, the arrangement of the built environment, and the placement of architectural details, monuments and inscriptions (e.g. Johnson and Millett 2012). Fundamental to the continued development of these studies is the growing body of evidence emerging from new excavations. Digital techniques for recording evidence “on the ground,” notably SFM (structure from motion aka close range photogrammetry) for the creation of detailed 3D models and for scene-level modeling in 3D have advanced rapidly in recent years. These parallel developments have opened the door for approaches to the study of the creation and experience of urban space driven by a combination of scene-level reconstruction models (van Roode et al. 2012, Paliou et al. 2011, Paliou 2013) explicitly combined with detailed SFM or scanning based 3D models representing stratigraphic evidence. It is essential to understand the subtle but crucial impact of the design of the user interface on the interpretation of these models. In this paper we focus on the impact of design choices for the user interface, and make connections between design choices and the broader discourse in archaeological theory surrounding the practice of the creation and consumption of archaeological knowledge. As a case in point we take the prototype interface being developed within the Gabii Project for the publication of the Tincu House. In discussing our own evolving practices in engagement with the archaeological record created at Gabii, we highlight some of the challenges of undertaking theoretically-situated user interface design, and their implications for the publication and study of archaeological materials.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 589-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Nobles ◽  
Christopher H. Roosevelt

Abstract 3D data captured from archaeological excavations are frequently left to speak for themselves. 3D models of objects are uploaded to online viewing platforms, the tops or bottoms of surfaces are visualised in 2.5D, or both are reduced to 2D representations. Representations of excavation units, in particular, often remain incompletely processed as raw surface outputs, unable to be considered individual entities that represent the individual, volumetric units of excavation. Visualisations of such surfaces, whether as point clouds or meshes, are commonly viewed as an end result in and of themselves, when they could be considered the beginning of a fully volumetric way of recording and understanding the 3D archaeological record. In describing the creation of an archaeologically focused recording routine and a 3D-focused data processing workflow, this article provides the means to fill the void between excavation-unit surfaces, thereby producing an individual volumetric entity that corresponds to each excavation unit. Drawing on datasets from the Kaymakçı Archaeological Project (KAP) in western Turkey, the article shows the potential for programmatic creation of volumetric contextual units from 2D point cloud datasets, opening a world of possibilities and challenges for the development of a truly 3D archaeological practice.


Author(s):  
G. Navratil ◽  
P. Konturek ◽  
I. Giannopoulos

Abstract. A problem with 3D models is that devices used to display them are typically two-dimensional, i.e., computer monitors or printed maps. User interfaces of computer software are based on mouse, touchscreen, keyboards, etc. and are optimized for this dimensionality. However, this causes problems when working with 3D models and the user must adapt her actions by interpreting the missing third dimension. While this might not necessarily pose a problem for frequent users, infrequent users may find this quite challenging. Holographic models, on the other hand, float in front of the user, providing a 3D perspective. Interaction with this kind of models may thus be more intuitive than traditional interaction. In the paper we present the results from a first user test. 15 participants tested interaction with a holographic model visualized using Augmented Reality (AR) technology. The results were compared to those of 15 participants using a traditional 3D-CAD. It was found that the holographic approach is more intuitive leading to a lower frustration level although it is still restricted by technical limitations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 102561
Author(s):  
Zhenxing Li ◽  
Maria Kiiveri ◽  
Jussi Rantala ◽  
Roope Raisamo

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Kaczmarek ◽  
Grzegorz Szczurek

In der Region Wielkopolska (Großpolen) befinden sich eine Reihe befestigter Siedlungen, die in die frühe Eisenzeit datieren und einzigartige Merkmale hinsichtlich ihrer Funktion, Genese und Chronologie aufweisen. Bedeutsam sind diese Siedlungsbefunde nicht nur im Blickwinkel der Vorgeschichte Polens, sondern auch im überregionalen Kontext. Die Deutung dieser Siedlungen, die bereits über längere Zeiträume im Mittelpunkt der Forschung standen und dabei unter verschiedenen räumlichen und fachspezifischen Fragestellungen betrachtet wurden, ist sehr unterschiedlich, wird in der Forschung jedoch als eher unbefriedigend angesehen. Neben jenen Siedlungen gibt es noch weitere Fundplätze, die jedoch zumeist in nur wenigen Kampagnen oder in vereinzelten Sondagen archäologisch untersucht wurden. Ausgenommen davon sind die Siedlungen Biskupin und Sobiejuchy. Auch die Ergebnisse jener Forschungen müssen unter verschiedenen Aspekten als wenig zufriedenstellend bezeichnet werden. Obgleich der Forschung heutzutage ein breites Spektrum fortschrittlicher und ausgefeilter Technologien für die Gewinnung absoluter Datierungen zur Verfügung steht, liegen doch für die hier betrachtete Region nur wenige Fakten zur Chronologie befestigter hallstattzeitlicher Siedlungen vor. Aus diesen Gründen begannen die Autoren ein Projekt zur Erarbeitung und Sammlung genau jener Schlüsselinformationen. Die wichtigsten Verfahren zur Gewinnung absoluter Daten waren dabei neben der Dendrochronologie Radiokarbonuntersuchungen an Hölzern, organischen Materialen aus den Kulturschichten sowie an osteologischem Material, ferner Lumineszenzuntersuchungen von Keramik. Ein weiterer wichtiger Baustein des Projekts bestand im Vergleich der auf diesem Weg gewonnenen Daten mit solchen aus traditionellen archäologischen Studien (etwa bezüglich der Änderung von Keramikstilen).Die Verfasser strebten außerdem an, die Entwicklung befestigter hallstattzeitlicher Siedlungen mit Hilfe der Fernerkundung, der Luftaufklärung, geophysikalischer Untersuchungen und digitaler Geländemodelle (Geomagnetik, 3D-Modellierungen, Orthofotografien) besser zu verstehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt einen vorläufigen Bericht über die entsprechenden Untersuchungen in Großpolen dar.Le caractère des habitats fortifiés de l’époque de Hallstatt dans la région de Wielkopolska est unique en ce qui concerne leur évolution interne, le rôle qu’ils ont pu remplir, leur origine et leur chronologie. Il s’agit d’un groupe de monuments fondamentaux, et leur étude dépasse le simple examen d’un aspect particulier de la préhistoire polonaise. Ces habitats, qui ont été étudiés au cours des ans de façon fort variable et sous des angles divers, sont mal connus, comme la littérature spécialisée l’a relevé depuis longtemps. Il existe, en dehors des sites fouillés au cours de longues campagnes pluriannuelles (tels Biskupin et Sobiejuchy), des sites qui n’ont fait l’objet que de courtes campagnes d’une ou deux saisons ou des sites ou seuls de petits sondages ont été faits. De plus, l’analyse des résultats de ces fouilles laisse en général aussi à désirer. Malgré les possibilités offertes par les nouvelles méthodes de datation absolue, notre connaissance des habitats fortifiés de l’époque de Hallstatt dans la région de Wielkopolska est encore fort maigre. Les auteurs ont ainsi initié un nouveau projet dont l’objectif est d’obtenir plus d’informations sur des aspects de ces habitats non explorés ou insuffisamment étudiés. La datation absolue par radiocarbone et par dendrochronologie (d’éléments structurels en bois, de matériel organique provenant de couches culturelles, d’ossements) et par luminescence (pour la céramique) constitue l’objectif principal de cette étude. De plus nous tentons d’établir des corrélations entre les dates obtenues et la masse de matériel archéologique récupéré afin de vérifier et de modifier les dates obtenues par les méthodes traditionnelles de datation (basée sur les changements typologiques de la céramique). Enfin, nous espérons obtenir des informations plus étendues sur l’évolution des habitats fortifiés de l’époque de Hallstatt de la région par l’application de méthodes de prospections telles la photographie aérienne, les prospections géophysiques, les modèles numériques de terrain (par magnétométrie, modèles en 3D, ortho-photographies). Notre article est un rapport préliminaire sur l’étude en cours des habitats fortifiés de Wielkopolska.The unique nature of the Early Iron Age fortified settlements of Wielkopolska, in terms of their internal development, alleged function, genesis and chronology, places them in a group of monuments that have a fundamental meaning. Studying these sites goes beyond understanding this particular aspect of Polish prehistory. The recognition of these settlements, studied over the years and considered under various spatial and subject-specific angles, is very uneven and, in general, unsatisfactory, as has long been pointed out in the literature. Apart from the sites explored in long-term excavation campaigns, there are sites where reconnaissance work was carried out over only one or two seasons (excepting Biskupin and Sobiejuchy) or where only sondages were made. Furthermore, the analysis of the results of these investigations is, in general, also fairly unsatisfactory. Despite the opportunities offered by the current methods of absolute dating, we still know very little about the chronology of the fortified Hallstatt settlements of Wielkopolska. Hence the authors have started a new project aimed at gathering key information that has not so far been obtained or that has been insufficiently investigated. The most important element is absolute dating by dendrochronological and radiocarbon methods (timber structural elements, organic material from culture layers, osteological material) and luminescence (ceramics). Another important aspect consists of attempts at correlating the absolute dates obtained with the mass of archaeological material to verify and modify the traditional dating methods (changes in pottery styles). Last but not least we aim to obtain broader information regarding the development of all Hallstatt fortified sites from the study area through remote sensing, which includes aerial reconnaissance, geophysical surveys, digital terrain models (magnetometry maps, 3D models, orthophotographs). This article is a preliminary report on the new investigations of the Wielkopolska fortified settlements currently being conducted by the authors.


2018 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Qionglin Liu ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Yuhua Chen

The purpose of this paper is to study Non-physical historical buildings composed by computer 3D models to enhance the experience of city culture and realize the “digital city” information management. Non-physical historical buildings could be an important core cover a city culture and memory, and main competitiveness of city development as well. The Thirteen Factories of canton was the center of Sino-Western commercial which including the integration of culture and trade. The research methodology mainly adapted on three approach. 1) Interpretation and transformation for historical information at the Thirteen Factories Yi Guan Area. 2) According to 3D modeling and texture processing achieve real virtual recreation practice.3) To discuss the ways of digital technology to restore the Non-physical historical buildings. This paper focuses on relationship of digital technology and historical culture heritage, which could improve the economics transformation of city culture.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Lo Giudice ◽  
Lorenzo Rustico ◽  
Vincenzo Ronsivalle ◽  
Carmelo Nicotra ◽  
Manuel Lagravère ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective To assess and compare volumetric and shape changes of the orbital cavity in patients treated with tooth-borne (TB) and bone-borne (BB) rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Study design Forty adolescents with bilateral maxillary cross-bite received tooth-borne (TB group = 20; mean age 14.27 ± 1.36 years) or bone-borne (BB group = 20; mean age of 14.62 ± 1.45 years) maxillary expander. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were taken before treatment (T1) and 6-month after the expander activation (T2). Volumetric and shape changes of orbital cavities were detected by referring to a specific 3D digital technology involving deviation analysis of T1/T2 CBCT-derived models of pulp chamber. Student’s t tests were used to 1) compare T1 and T2 volumes of orbital cavities in TB and BB groups, 2) compare volumetric changes and the percentage of matching of 3D orbital models (T1-T2) between the two groups. Results Both TB and BB groups showed a slight increase of the orbital volume (0.64 cm3 and 0.77 cm3) (p < 0.0001). This increment were significant between the two groups (p < 0.05) while no differences were found in the percentage of matching of T1/T2 orbital 3D models (p > 0.05). The areas of greater changes were detected in the proximity of the frontozygomatic and frontomaxillary sutures. Conclusion TB-RME and BB-RME would not seem to considerably affect the anatomy or the volume of the orbital cavity in adolescents.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document