scholarly journals Cancer Stem Cells: «Emergency Service» for Tumors Under Generalized Cellular Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-326
Author(s):  
Y.R. Efremov ◽  
A.S. Proskurina ◽  
E.A. Potter ◽  
E.V. Dolgova ◽  
O.V. Efremova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Stress Factors

The analysis of conditions and possible mechanisms of activation of 96 genes providing a malignant/pluripotent phenotype of Krebs-2 cancer stem cells have been performed. Three stress factors combined into the single concept of "generalized cellular stress", which are supposed to regulate the expression of these genes, are determined. Additionally, for these genes, the presence of binding sites for transcription factors that are being activated in response to factors of generalized cellular stress has been established. The data obtained suggest the existence of a mechanism for the de novo formation of a pluripotent/stem-like phenotype of tumor cells under conditions of generalized cellular stress.

scholarly journals Modeling the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme and Cancer Stem Cells with Ordinary Differential Equations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Abernathy ◽  
Jeremy Burke
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Common Event

Despite improvements in cancer therapy and treatments, tumor recurrence is a common event in cancer patients. One explanation of recurrence is that cancer therapy focuses on treatment of tumor cells and does not eradicate cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are postulated to behave similar to normal stem cells in that their role is to maintain homeostasis. That is, when the population of tumor cells is reduced or depleted by treatment, CSCs will repopulate the tumor, causing recurrence. In this paper, we study the application of the CSC Hypothesis to the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme by immunotherapy. We extend the work of Kogan et al. (2008) to incorporate the dynamics of CSCs, prove the existence of a recurrence state, and provide an analysis of possible cancerous states and their dependence on treatment levels.

scholarly journals Microfluidic Chip-Based Cancer Diagnosis and Prediction of Relapse by Detecting Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Cancer Stem Cells

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Yeol Cho ◽  
Jin-Ha Choi ◽  
Joungpyo Lim ◽  
Sang-Nam Lee ◽  
Jeong-Woo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Optical Biosensors ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Noise Factors ◽  
Prediction Of Relapse

Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been considered one of the best biomarkers in liquid biopsy for early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring in cancer. A major challenge of using CTCs is detecting extremely low-concentrated targets in the presence of high noise factors such as serum and hematopoietic cells. This review provides a selective overview of the recent progress in the design of microfluidic devices with optical sensing tools and their application in the detection and analysis of CTCs and their small malignant subset, circulating cancer stem cells (CCSCs). Moreover, discussion of novel strategies to analyze the differentiation of circulating cancer stem cells will contribute to an understanding of metastatic cancer, which can help clinicians to make a better assessment. We believe that the topic discussed in this review can provide brief guideline for the development of microfluidic-based optical biosensors in cancer prognosis monitoring and clinical applications.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: An Overview of Tumor-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Interaction for therapeutic interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Montazersaheb ◽  
Ezzatollah Fathi ◽  
Ayoub Mamandi ◽  
Raheleh Farahzadi ◽  
Hamid Reza Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Tumorigenic Potential ◽  
Different Types

: Tumors are made up of different types of cancer cells that contribute to tumor heterogeneity. Among these cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a significant role in the onset of cancer and development. Like other stem cells, CSCs are characterized by the capacity for differentiation and self-renewal. A specific population of CSCs is constituted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that differentiate into mesoderm-specific cells. The pro-or anti-tumorigenic potential of MSCs on the proliferation and development of tumor cells has been reported as contradictory results. Also, tumor progression is specified by the corresponding tumor cells like the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment consists of a network of reciprocal cell types such as endothelial cells, immune cells, MSCs, and fibroblasts as well as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. In this review, recent findings related to the tumor microenvironment and associated cell populations, homing of MSCs to tumor sites, and interaction of MSCs with tumor cells will be discussed.

scholarly journals Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Clinical Implications in Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. BCBCR.S40856 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sayed ◽  
A.M. Zahran ◽  
M.S.F. Hassan ◽  
D.O. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Third ◽  
Disease Free

Purpose Despite the therapeutic advances, disease recurrence remains an ever-present threat to the health and well-being of breast cancer survivors. Assessment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) during and after treatment may be of value in refining treatment. Methods Three 5 mL blood samples were taken from each patient: the first, at diagnosis; the second, after completion of neoadjuvant anthracyclin-based chemotherapy; and the third, a month after surgery and completion of adjuvant radiotherapy. The absolute numbers of CTCs were identified as CD45-cytokeratin+ cells. CTCs per 5 mL of blood were determined by recording all events in the whole suspension. CSCs were identified as cytokeratin+CD44+CD24-/CD45- cells. The CSCs were expressed as a percentage of CTCs. Results Univariate analysis identified the measurements of baseline CTCs and CSCs, taken after chemotherapy and one month after the cessation of radiotherapy, as prognostic factors for both four-year disease-free survival and four-year overall survival. Multivariable analysis identified the third measurement of CSCs, taken one month after the completion of radiotherapy, as the only independent prognostic factor for the four-year disease-free survival (P < 0.002, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.231, 95% CI 1.077–1.407). The initial CTC measurement was the one factor that reached significance on multivariate analysis (P < 0.03, HR 1.969, 95% CI 1.092–3.551) for the four-year overall survival. Correlation was higher between CTC and CSC counts at diagnosis ( r = 0.654, P < 0.001) than after chemotherapy ( r = 0.317, P < 0.03), because of the more rapid decrease in the mean CTC count with chemotherapy. Conclusion The CTC count could be suitable as one of the measures for monitoring response to chemotherapy, while persistence of CSC after cessation of the treatment of nonmetastatic breast cancer, except hormonal therapy when indicated, may be a reason to consider additional therapy in the future. These findings need confirmation in larger randomized trials.

scholarly journals A Nuclear-Directed Ribonuclease Variant Targets Cancer Stem Cells and Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4350
Author(s):  
Jessica Castro ◽  
Giusy Tornillo ◽  
Gerardo Ceada ◽  
Beatriz Ramos-Neble ◽  
Marlon Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines

Despite the significant advances in cancer research made in recent years, this disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In part, this is due to the fact that after therapy, a subpopulation of self-renewing tumor cells can survive and promote cancer relapse, resistance to therapies and metastasis. Targeting these cancer stem cells (CSCs) is therefore essential to improve the clinical outcome of cancer patients. In this sense, multi-targeted drugs may be promising agents targeting CSC-associated multifocal effects. We have previously constructed different human pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase) variants that are cytotoxic for tumor cells due to a non-classical nuclear localization signal introduced in their sequence. These cytotoxic RNases affect the expression of multiple genes involved in deregulated metabolic and signaling pathways in cancer cells and are highly cytotoxic for multidrug-resistant tumor cell lines. Here, we show that these cytotoxic nuclear-directed RNases are highly selective for tumor cell lines grown in 3D, inhibit CSCs’ development and diminish the self-renewal capacity of the CSCs population. Moreover, these human RNase variants reduce the migration and invasiveness of highly invasive breast cancer cells and downregulate N-cadherin expression.

Abstract 4372: Radiation induces Notch-dependent de novo generation of breast cancer stem cells via expression of OCT-4/SOX2/NANOG

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chann H. Lagadec ◽  
Lorenza Della Donna ◽  
Erina Vlashi ◽  
Carmen Dekmezian ◽  
Tania Brocks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Breast Cancer Stem Cells
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