scholarly journals Designs of new operating copper processing plants: process types, equipment selection, industry trends

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
V. F. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
Flotation Cells ◽  
Ore Preparation ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Technical Solutions

The article describes the largest operating processing plants for lowgrade copper sulphide ores of our time: 10 plants using the semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) technology and 10 plants using high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR), with the output of 18 to 100 Mtpa. The unfavorable natural and economic factors are balanced by improved ore preparation and concentration technologies and high-capacity equipment units, combined with cost-saving layout solutions. The ore preparation sector is currently divided between the competing technologies of semi-autogenous grinding and HPGR. The article contains an overview of their advantages and disadvantages. The world’s largest monosection with the capacity of 55.5 Mtpa, that uses the SAG technology, is described. The role of the Drop Weght Test JKSimMet (A×b) parameter in the selection of the ore preparation method and the trend for using HPGR in the processing of strong ores are shown. Examples are provided for the consequences of an inadequate assessment of the feed strength in SAG-based plant designs. Examples of ore preparation process intensification through the use of HPGR in semi-autogenous grinding circuits are also given. The volume of impeller flotation cells installed has reached 600 m3. An overview of the two largest processing plants of our time with the output of 88 and 100 Mtpa of ore is presented. The innovative technical solutions of a newest low-capacity copper plant are highlighted. Based on the results of the overview, a future processing plant is predicted to use ∅12.8–13 m SAG mills, HPGRs with the roll diameter of 3 m, vertical VTM-7000 mills in ore grinding cycles, large fine screens, large-scale impeller flotation cells, and staged SFR and DFR flotation reactors.

scholarly journals ADSORBTION METHOD OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT AT SEWAGE FACILITIES IN OIL PROCESSING PLANTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Natalia Nickolaevna Artemieva ◽  
Ruslan Aleksandrovich Burnashev
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Technical Solutions

The aim of research is to find ways of increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment in order to solve the problem of oil sludge accumulation in the oil processing plant. The use of an adsorption purification method is considered, the advantage of which is in adsorbing molecules of pollutants under the influence of the force field in adsorbent pores. Application of new technical solutions helps to reduce the volume of accumulated wastes and to make the process of treatment more environmentally friendly and economically feasible

scholarly journals Safety of Corn and Corn-Based Products Intended for Human Consumption Concerning Fumonisins from a Brazilian Processing Plant

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Bordini ◽  
Mario Ono ◽  
Melissa Hirozawa ◽  
Glauco Garcia ◽  
Edio Vizoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Corn Processing ◽  
Exposure Evaluation ◽  
Corn Grain

Brazil is one of the world’s largest corn producers and is a leader in exportation. Due to intense globalization, corn may be commercialized worldwide and the issue concerning the safety of corn-based products has become a topic of widespread international interest. Dietary exposure evaluation is a relevant criterion for mycotoxin risk assessment. Thus, human exposure to fumonisins were assessed for corn grain and its derivatives (endosperm, cornmeal, and grits; n = 320) sampled from one of the large-scale corn processing plants in Brazil. The total probable daily intake (PDI) for fumonisins in Brazil was 96.9 ng kg−1 body weight day−1, which corresponds to 5% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 2000 ng kg−1 b.w. day−1 for fumonisins. In countries that import Brazilian corn, the total PDI is lower in European countries (from 35.7 to 177 ng kg−1 b.w. day−1) and higher in Angola (1553 ng kg−1 b.w. day−1). Taking into account that dietary exposure in populations in Brazil and importing countries was low, the corn-based products were safe for human consumption regarding fumonisins, even for regions with high corn consumption.

Predictability of fouling-potential of raw water for ultrafiltration membranes

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
S. Krause ◽  
A. Obermayer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membranes ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Public Drinking Water

The public drinking water supply of southern Germany is characterized by a rather decentralized network. Due to the hydrogeological setting in these parts of Germany many of the small water works with an average capacity of 50 m3/h have to treat raw water extracted from karstic or cliffy aquifers. These raw waters tend to be contaminated with particles and pathogens acquired during snowmelt or after strong rainfalls. In the last decade ultrafiltration has become the technology of choice for the removal of the aforementioned contaminants. Flux decline caused by unanticipated membrane fouling is the main limitation for the application of ultrafiltration membranes. This paper describes how membrane fouling phenomena can be predicted by using a statistical approach based on data from large scale filtration systems in combination with field and lab experiments on raw water quality and membrane performance. The data defines water quality and respective fouling phenomena both in technical scale filtration plants and in lab experiments of eleven different raw waters. The method described here is more economically feasible for small water works when compared to typical pilot experiments that are used for high capacity water works.

Technical solutions envisaged in managing solids in combined sewer networks

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan Chebbo ◽  
Dominique Laplace ◽  
André Bachoc ◽  
Yves Sanchez ◽  
Benoit Le Guennec
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Drainage Area ◽  
Bed Load ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Dry Weather Flow ◽  
Sewer Networks

Solids in combined sewer networks represent two important technical questions: - the clogging of man-entry sewers, and - pollution in urban wet weather discharges, whose main vectors are generally suspended solids. In this paper, we shall present first, curative technical solutions which avoid or remove deposits in man-entry sewers. We shall discuss the partial extraction of the largest solids; selective trapping of bed load solids, which form deposits; and the displacement of deposits using dry weather flow flushing waves. We shall then examine technical solutions to control pollution in urban wet weather discharges. This will show that decantation is an efficient means of fighting pollution. However, it is not always feasible because it involves large scale investments. Complementary methods should, therefore, be developed and used at different points in the water's passage through an urban drainage area.

Implantable neural interfaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Vassanelli
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ionic Channels ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Physical Interfaces ◽  
The Brain

Establishing direct communication with the brain through physical interfaces is a fundamental strategy to investigate brain function. Starting with the patch-clamp technique in the seventies, neuroscience has moved from detailed characterization of ionic channels to the analysis of single neurons and, more recently, microcircuits in brain neuronal networks. Development of new biohybrid probes with electrodes for recording and stimulating neurons in the living animal is a natural consequence of this trend. The recent introduction of optogenetic stimulation and advanced high-resolution large-scale electrical recording approaches demonstrates this need. Brain implants for real-time neurophysiology are also opening new avenues for neuroprosthetics to restore brain function after injury or in neurological disorders. This chapter provides an overview on existing and emergent neurophysiology technologies with particular focus on those intended to interface neuronal microcircuits in vivo. Chemical, electrical, and optogenetic-based interfaces are presented, with an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the different technical approaches.

scholarly journals Why ability point estimates can be pointless: a primer on using skill measures from large-scale assessments in secondary analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens M. Lechner ◽  
Nivedita Bhaktha ◽  
Katharina Groskurth ◽  
Matthias Bluemke
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Large Scale Assessments

AbstractMeasures of cognitive or socio-emotional skills from large-scale assessments surveys (LSAS) are often based on advanced statistical models and scoring techniques unfamiliar to applied researchers. Consequently, applied researchers working with data from LSAS may be uncertain about the assumptions and computational details of these statistical models and scoring techniques and about how to best incorporate the resulting skill measures in secondary analyses. The present paper is intended as a primer for applied researchers. After a brief introduction to the key properties of skill assessments, we give an overview over the three principal methods with which secondary analysts can incorporate skill measures from LSAS in their analyses: (1) as test scores (i.e., point estimates of individual ability), (2) through structural equation modeling (SEM), and (3) in the form of plausible values (PVs). We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method based on three criteria: fallibility (i.e., control for measurement error and unbiasedness), usability (i.e., ease of use in secondary analyses), and immutability (i.e., consistency of test scores, PVs, or measurement model parameters across different analyses and analysts). We show that although none of the methods are optimal under all criteria, methods that result in a single point estimate of each respondent’s ability (i.e., all types of “test scores”) are rarely optimal for research purposes. Instead, approaches that avoid or correct for measurement error—especially PV methodology—stand out as the method of choice. We conclude with practical recommendations for secondary analysts and data-producing organizations.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis ◽  
Andrés López-Cortés ◽  
Eduardo Vásconez González ◽  
Alejandra Barreto Grimaldos ◽  
Esteban Ortiz Prado
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

AbstractThe new SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes COVID-19 disease. The newly sequenced virus appears to originate in China and rapidly spread throughout the world, becoming a pandemic that, until January 5th, 2021, has caused more than 1,866,000 deaths. Hence, laboratories worldwide are developing an effective vaccine against this disease, which will be essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Currently, there more than 64 vaccine candidates, most of them aiming to induce neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein (S). These antibodies will prevent uptake through the human ACE-2 receptor, thereby limiting viral entrance. Different vaccine platforms are being used for vaccine development, each one presenting several advantages and disadvantages. Thus far, thirteen vaccine candidates are being tested in Phase 3 clinical trials; therefore, it is closer to receiving approval or authorization for large-scale immunizations.

scholarly journals A germanium and zinc chalcogenide as an anode for a high-capacity and long cycle life lithium battery

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (60) ◽  
pp. 35045-35049
Author(s):  
Xu Chen ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Jiarui Li ◽  
Haiyan Luo ◽  
Lin Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Long Cycle Life ◽  
Zinc Chalcogenide

High-performance lithium ion batteries are ideal energy storage devices for both grid-scale and large-scale applications.

Large-scale and low cost synthesis of graphene as high capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Carbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangqiang Chen ◽  
Peite Bao ◽  
Linda Xiao ◽  
Guoxiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion

Diversity of flaA Genotypes among Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Six Niche-Market Poultry Species at Farm and Processing

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. VanWORTH ◽  
B. A. McCREA ◽  
K. H. TONOOKA ◽  
C. L. BOGGS ◽  
J. S. SCHRADER
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism of the flagellin (flaA) gene in Campylobacter jejuni was used to determine the relationships of isolates collected at the farm and throughout processing for six niche-market poultry species. This study focused on two specialty chicken products, poussin and free range, and four other specialty products, squab, duck, guinea fowl, and quail. Cloacal and carcass samples were collected from three flocks from each of the six niche species. Three processing plants in California participated in a 2-year investigation. A total of 773 isolates from farm, posttransport, and the processing plants were genotyped, yielding a total of 72 distinct flaA profiles for the six commodities. Genetic diversity of C. jejuni at the farm was greatest for ducks with up to 12 distinct flaA types in two flocks and least for squab 1 flaA type between two farms. For two of the guinea fowl flocks, one free-range flock, two squab flocks, and all three poussin flocks, the flaA types recovered at the prepackage station matched those from the farm. Cross-contamination of poultry carcasses was supported by the observation of flaA types during processing that were not present at the farm level. New C. jejuni strains were detected after transport in ducks, guinea fowl, and free-range chickens. Postpicker, postevisceration, and prewash sampling points in the processing plant yield novel isolates. Duck and free-range chickens were the only species for which strains recovered within the processing plant were also found on the final product. Isolates recovered from squab had 56 to 93% similarity based on the flaA types defined by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles. The 26 duck isolates had genetic similarities that ranged from 20 to 90%. Guinea fowl and free-range chickens each had 40 to 65% similarity between isolates. Poussin isolates were 33 to 55% similar to each other, and quail isolates were 46 to 100% similar. Our results continue to emphasize the need to clean processing equipment and posttransport crates in order to decrease cross contamination between flocks. This study also determined that several strains of C. jejuni had unique flaA types that could only be recovered in their host species.

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