scholarly journals Fear to Retaliation: The Most Frequent Reason for Not Helping Victims of Gender Violence

Author(s):  
Patricia Melgar ◽  
Gemma Geis ◽  
Ramon Flecha ◽  
Marta Soler

When faced with situations of gender-based violence, one becomes exposed to risk in giving support to the victim (van Reemst, Fischer, & WC Zwirs, 2015, Hamby, Weber, Grych, & Banyard, 2016; Liebst, Heinskou & Ejbye-Ernst, 2018). This form of violence, second order of sexual harassment (SOSH), occurs when people who support victims of gender-based violence experience violence themselves because of this positioning (Vidu et al., 2017; Flecha, 2021). There is little research on the subject. Through a quantitative study carried out with 1541 Spaniards over 18 years of age, we provide, for the first time, quantitative evidence of the incidence of SOSH in the responses of people who have been aware of a situation of gender-based violence. Our results show that SOSH is an important obstacle; 40% of people who did not offer help in the case of gender-based violence did not do so for reasons that correspond to SOSH.We concluded that the fear of suffering SOSH can condition people’s reactions in the environment, thereby limiting the possibility of female victims of violence receiving help.

Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Álvarez García

Resumen: Expone el autor las vicisitudes de la elaboración del nuevo Código Penal de Honduras de 2018, particularmente en referencia a violencia de género y aborto, y subraya especialmente cómo la desgraciada intervención de funcionarias del Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas y de ONU-Mujeres, carentes de suficiente formación en la materia pero sobradas de soberbia, ha impedido que en Honduras se aprobara una legislación progresista y adecuada en estas materias.Palabras clave: Naciones Unidas, Honduras, aborto, violencia de género, soberbia, ignorancia, femicidios, Código Penal, Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas, ONU-Mujeres, ACNUDH, Congreso Nacional de Honduras.Abstract: The author exposes the vicissitudes in the drafting of the new Honduras Criminal Code, particularly in reference to gender violence and abortion, and specially emphasizes how the unfortunate intervention of the officials of the United Nations High Commissioner and UN-Women, who lack sufficient training in the subject but plenty of arrogance, has prevented Honduras the adoption of progressive and adequate legislation in these mattersKeywords: United Nations, Honduras, abortion, gender violence, arrogance, ignorance, femicides, Criminal Code, United Nations High Commissioner, UN-Women, OHCHR, National Congress of Honduras.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Bruna Aparecida Rodrigues Duarte ◽  
Fernanda Galvão ◽  
Glaucia Nunes Diniz de Oliveira Esmeraldo ◽  
Et Al

A violência de gênero tem perdurado há anos gerando a necessidade de discutir os fatores desencadeadores e comuns nesse cenário, como, a relação de poder e a relação íntima com o agressor. Nesse sentido, levando em consideração o contexto atual, o presente estudo objetivou apresentar as discussões de um grupo de estudo a respeito da relação da pandemia e aumento do índice de violência de gênero. Foram levantadas algumas categorias para discutir o assunto, sendo: As faces da violência baseada no gênero; Isolamento social e violência de gênero; Estratégias para constatação e diminuição dos casos de violência. É perceptível que o fenômeno da violência sempre existiu, porém, devido a alguns fatores do isolamento o deixou mais aparente e discutível. Paravras-chave: Violência de Gênero. Pandemia Covid 19.Relação de poder.   Abstract Gender-based violence has persisted for years, generating the need to discuss the triggering and common factors in this scenario, such as the power relationship and the intimate relationship with the aggressor. In this sense, taking into account the current context, the present study aimed to present the discussions of a study group regarding the relationship of the pandemic and the in crease in the rate of gender violence. Some categories  were raised to discuss the subject being: The faces of gender-based violence; Social isolation and gender violence; Strategies for finding and reducing cases of violence. It is notice able that the phenomenon of violence has always existed, but due to some isolation factors it has become more apparent and debatable. Keywords: Gender Violence. Pandemic Covid 19. The Power Relationship.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (57) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Vládia Maria de Moura SOARES ◽  
Jamille Clara Alves ADAMCZYK ◽  
Ana Clara Mendonça CATHALAT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Se pretende alcanzar un estudio analítico de la pornografía de venganza, objetivando una mejor comprensión del fenómeno sociológico y del marco jurídico conferido al tema por el Derecho Penal brasileño, para que sea posible un enfrentamiento completo de la cuestión. El objeto será analizado exclusivamente por medio de un abordaje que toma la mujer como víctima. Es el objetivo de esta investigación verificar si se podría caracterizar dicha práctica como violencia de género y también si la pornografía de venganza podría ser adecuadamente tratada como un crimen contra la honra, como se ha estado tutelando esta conducta. Metodología: La metodología es bibliográfica, sin el estudio del intercambio en el tratamiento de la derogación penal estudiada sobre el tema; el marco legal de la conducta como delito contra el honor; la elaboración de un tipo penal específico mediante la Ley nº. 13.718/2018; y la posibilidad de aplicación de la Ley nº. 11.340/2006 (Ley Maria da Penha). Resultados: Después de toda la investigación, se constató que el fenómeno de la pornografía de venganza no puede ser considerado solamente como un crimen contra la honra, y su tratamiento como tal es inadecuado e insuficiente. Respecto al análisis de la aplicabilidad de la Ley Maria da Penha para casos de pornografía de venganza, verificase que los resultados fueron positivos en el sentido de ser posible la aplicación de esta ley para mayor protección de las mujeres víctimas de este crimen. Contribuciones: La contribución del estudio está vinculada al diálogo entre sociología y derecho, así como a estimular una investigación en profundidad sobre la Ley Maria da Penha y su extensión. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Pornografía de venganza; violencia de género; Ley Maria da Penha; Derechos fundamentales. ABSTRACT Objective: It is intended to reach an analytical study of revenge pornography, focusing a better understanding of the sociological phenomenon and the legal framework conferred to the subject by Brazilian Criminal Law, so that a complete confrontation of the issue is possible. The object will be analyzed exclusively through an approach that the woman is the victim. It is the objective of this investigation to verify whether such practice could be characterized as gender-based violence and also if revenge pornography could be adequately treated as a crime against honor, as this conduct has been protected. Methodology: The methodology is bibliographic, without the study of the exchange in the treatment of the criminal repeal studied on the subject; the legal framework of conduct as a crime against honor; the elaboration of a specific criminal type through Law Nr. 13,718/2018; and the possibility of enforcement of Law nº. 11,340/2006 (Maria da Penha Law). Results:After all investigation, it was noted that the phenomenon of revenge pornography cannot be considered only as a crime against honor, and its treatment as such is inadequate and insufficient. Regarding the analysis of the applicability of Maria da Penha Law for cases of revenge pornography, the results were positive in the sense that it is possible to apply this law for greater protection of women victims of this crime. Contributions: The contribution of the study is linked to the dialogue between sociology and law, as well as to stimulate an in-depth investigation into the Maria da Penha Law and its extension. KEYWORDS: Revenge porn; gender violence; Maria da Penha Law; Fundamental rights.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1S) ◽  
pp. 10S-37S
Author(s):  
Fernanda Martins ◽  

In this article, based on the debates of feminist criminology in Brazil, we aim to analyze feminist campaigns that use technopolitics as a strategy to face gender violence. These campaigns are exposed through the disputes between emancipatory and punitive claims. We propose to use hashtags as feminist analysis tools to understand the ambivalence present in vulnerability. In order to do so, we will use the hashtags #ChegaDeFiuFiu, #MeuPrimeiroAssedio, and #MeuAmigoSecreto to analyze new meanings of justice promoted by the feminist movements, which appear not to prioritize the use of punitive power. In the same way, we seek from the #EleNão movement, recognized as feminist democratic technopolitics, to reformulate the possibilities of analyzing the Brazilian criminological field.


Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Castorena ◽  
Itzel M. Abundez ◽  
Roberto Alejo ◽  
Everardo E. Granda-Gutiérrez ◽  
Eréndira Rendón ◽  
...  

The problem of gender-based violence in Mexico has been increased considerably. Many social associations and governmental institutions have addressed this problem in different ways. In the context of computer science, some effort has been developed to deal with this problem through the use of machine learning approaches to strengthen the strategic decision making. In this work, a deep learning neural network application to identify gender-based violence on Twitter messages is presented. A total of 1,857,450 messages (generated in Mexico) were downloaded from Twitter: 61,604 of them were manually tagged by human volunteers as negative, positive or neutral messages, to serve as training and test data sets. Results presented in this paper show the effectiveness of deep neural network (about 80% of the area under the receiver operating characteristic) in detection of gender violence on Twitter messages. The main contribution of this investigation is that the data set was minimally pre-processed (as a difference versus most state-of-the-art approaches). Thus, the original messages were converted into a numerical vector in accordance to the frequency of word’s appearance and only adverbs, conjunctions and prepositions were deleted (which occur very frequently in text and we think that these words do not contribute to discriminatory messages on Twitter). Finally, this work contributes to dealing with gender violence in Mexico, which is an issue that needs to be faced immediately.


2021 ◽  
pp. 155708512098760
Author(s):  
Beth E. Richie ◽  
Valli Kalei Kanuha ◽  
Kayla Marie Martensen

The movements for racial justice, health equity, and economic relief have been activated in the contentious and challenging climate of 2020, with COVID-19 and social protest. In this context, feminist scholars, anti-violence advocates, and transformative justice practitioners have renewed their call for substantive changes to all forms of gender-based violence. This article offers a genealogy of the battered women’s movement in the U.S. from the lived experiences of two longtime activists. These reflections offer an analysis of the political praxis which evolved over the past half century of the anti-violence movement, and which has foregrounded the current social, political, and ideological framing of gender-based violence today. We conclude with a view to the future, focusing on the possibilities for transformative justice and abolition feminism as a return to our radical roots and ancestral histories.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-334
Author(s):  
Mauro Machado do Prado ◽  
Ana Paula de Castro Neves ◽  
Nathália Machado Cardoso Dardeau de Albuquerque

O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo qualitativo das representações sociais de imigrantes venezuelanas na América do Sul no período de 2016 a 2019, a partir de manchetes de notícias divulgadas em jornais digitais brasileiros. O objetivo é verificar a ocorrência ou não de veiculações que constituam de forma explícita ou implícita uma violação à dignidade e aos direitos dessas mulheres, ao fomentar ou incitar a xenofobia e a violência de gênero na sociedade através de palavras, frases ou expressões capazes de provocar um aniquilamento simbólico. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo bibliográfico e documental acerca das vulnerabilidades sociais presentes nos processos imigratórios contemporâneos, que foi consubstanciado com a análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2009), em abordagem qualitativa, de manchetes publicadas em jornais digitais brasileiros. A partir da análise realizada, foi possível inferir que estes veículos de comunicação vêm frequentemente descrevendo a migração venezuelana como um problema, mas em conotação negativa, sem o cuidado de descrição do contexto de forma mais clara e abrangente da questão a ser noticiada.   Xenofobia y violencia de género: un análisis de los titulares de las mujeres venezolanas en el periodismo web brasileño El presente trabajo consiste en un estudio cualitativo de las representaciones sociales de los inmigrantes venezolanos en América del Sur en el período de 2016 a 2019, a partir de titulares de noticias publicados en periódicos digitales brasileños. El objetivo es verificar la ocurrencia o no de colocaciones que constituyan explícita o implícitamente una violación a la dignidad y derechos de estas mujeres, al promover o incitar la xenofobia y la violencia de género en la sociedad a través de palabras, frases o expresiones capaces de provocar una aniquilación simbólica. Para ello, se realizó un estudio bibliográfico y documental sobre las vulnerabilidades sociales presentes en los procesos migratorios contemporáneos, el cual fue fundamentado con análisis de contenido (BARDIN, 2009), en un enfoque cualitativo, de titulares publicados en diarios digitales brasileños. Del análisis realizado, se pudo inferir que estos medios de comunicación han venido describiendo muchas veces la migración venezolana como un problema, pero en una connotación negativa, sin preocuparse por describir de manera más clara y completa el contexto del tema a reportar. Palabras clave: Derechos humanos de la mujer. La violencia de género. Xenofobia. Periodismo web.   Xenophobia and gender violence: an analysis of headings broadcasted in brazilian webjornalism on venezuelan women The present work consists of a qualitative study of the social representations of Venezuelan immigrants in South America in the period from 2016 to 2019, based on news headlines published in Brazilian digital newspapers. The objective is to verify the occurrence or not of placements that explicitly or implicitly constitute a violation of the dignity and rights of these women, by promoting or inciting xenophobia and gender violence in society through words, phrases or expressions capable of provoking a symbolic annihilation. To this end, a bibliographic and documentary study was carried out on the social vulnerabilities present in contemporary immigration processes, which was substantiated with content analysis (BARDIN, 2009), in a qualitative approach, of headlines published in Brazilian digital newspapers. From the analysis carried out, it was possible to infer that these media outlets have often been describing Venezuelan migration as a problem, but in a negative connotation, without taking care to describe the context more clearly and comprehensively of the issue to be reported. Keywords: Women’s human rights. Gender-based violence. Xenophobia. Webjournalism.


2021 ◽  
pp. 105756772110404
Author(s):  
Andrea Adams ◽  
Suzanne G. Lea ◽  
Elsa M. D’Silva

This study reports experiences of combining digital technologies and facilitated interventions to address gender-based violence in rural areas. The methodology was based on the Safecity platform with a combination of communicative methods, digital technologies, and participant-led interventions to address gender-based violence in the State of Bihar and the Satara district in rural India. The findings indicate that the most common barriers to creating change in rural communities include patriarchal mindsets that foster a culture of silence around women's rights, lack of education, digital illiteracy, and lack of access to digital tools and services. Notwithstanding these obstacles, rural Indian women and girls participated in an intervention to create a new narrative informed by technological solutions that addressed gender violence in their communities.


Author(s):  
Marcella Autiero ◽  
Fortuna Procentese ◽  
Stefania Carnevale ◽  
Caterina Arcidiacono ◽  
Immacolata Di Napoli

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization. Although the attention paid to both the perpetrators and victims of gender-based violence has increased, scientific research is still lacking in regard to the representations of operators involved in interventions and management. Therefore, the following study explores how the representations of operators affect how gender violence can be managed and combatted through an ecological approach to this phenomenon, in addition to highlighting the roles of organizational-level services and their cultural and symbolic substrates. In total, 35 health and social professionals were interviewed and textual materials were analyzed by thematic analysis. The evidence suggests that services contrasting gender-based violence utilize different representations and management approaches. The authors hope that these differences can become a resource, rather than a limitation, when combatting gender-based violence through the construction of more integrated networks and a greater dialogue among different services, in order to make interventions designed to combat gender-based violence more effective.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Leigh Goodmark

Criminalization is the primary societal response to intimate partner violence in the US. This reliance on criminal legal system interventions ignores several unintended consequences. One of the serious unintended consequences of criminalization — perhaps the most serious unintended consequence — has been the increased rates of arrest, prosecution, conviction, and incarceration of those whom criminalization was meant to protect: victims of intimate partner violence. Criminalized survivors follow a variety of pathways into the carceral system, which fails to recognize their status as victims of violence and punishes them for failure to conform to victim stereotypes as well as for their acts.


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