MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY AND GASTRIC CARCINOMA. REVIEW OF THELITERATURE

Carcinoma of the stomach is wide spread malignancy with the poor prognosis. Recent investigations of the genome features let to consider this tumor as heterogeneous lesion, presenting different biological subtypes. Each of those subtypes has its own definitive characteristics including difference in prognosis. Microsatellite instability (MSI) – epigenetic molecular abnormality known in many tumors. The role of MSI in the carcinoma of stomach, prognostic as well predictive, is still not clear. High incidence (10 up to 22 %) of MSI in carcinoma of stomach requires performing more extensive studying of this malignancy. The present review is dedicated to recent data of the literature, concerning clinical, morphological, prognostic and predictive features of MSI in the carcinoma of stomach.

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Evaluation of serum ATX and LPA as potential diagnostic biomarkers in patients with pancreatic cancer

BMC Gastroenterology ◽

10.1186/s12876-021-01635-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jiang Chen ◽

Hongyu Li ◽

Wenda Xu ◽

Xiaozhong Guo

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Potential Role ◽

Early Stage ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diagnostic Efficacy ◽

Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽

The Poor

Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating disease that has a poor prognosis and a total 5-year survival rate of around 5%. The poor prognosis of PC is due in part to a lack of suitable biomarkers that can allow early diagnosis. The lysophospholipase autotaxin (ATX) and its product lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) play an essential role in disease progression in PC patients and are associated with increased morbidity in several types of cancer. In this study, we evaluated both the potential role of serum LPA and ATX as diagnostic markers in PC and their prognostic value for PC either alone or in combination with CA19-9. Methods ATX, LPA and CA19-9 levels were evaluated using ELISA of serum obtained from PC patients (n = 114) healthy volunteers (HVs: n = 120) and patients with benign pancreatic diseases (BPDs: n = 94). Results Serum levels of ATX, LPA and CA19-9 in PC patients were substantially higher than that for BPD patients or HVs (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of LPA in early phase PC was 91.74% and the specificity of ATX was 80%. The levels of ATX, LPA and CA19-9 were all substantially higher for early stage PC patients compared to levels in serum from BPD patients and HVs. The diagnostic efficacy of CA19-9 for PC was significantly enhanced by the addition of ATX and LPA (p = 0.0012). Conclusion Measurement of LPA and ATX levels together with CA19-9 levels can be used for early detection of PC and diagnosis of PC in general.

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HOXB4 promotes the malignant progression of ovarian cancer via DHDDS

10.21203/rs.2.18907/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Na Li ◽

Jiao Xiong ◽

Zhengyu Li

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Malignant Progression ◽

Stem Cell Markers ◽

Tumor Proliferation ◽

The Poor ◽

Proliferation And Metastasis ◽

Proliferation And Invasion ◽

Tumor Proliferation And Metastasis

Abstract Background: Homeobox B4 (HOXB4) is associated with the poor prognosis of various cancer types. However, how HOXB4 promotes ovarian cancer (OV) progression remains to be determined. Methods：The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database indicated that high level of HOXB4 in OV was correlated with poor prognosis. The biological functions of HOXB4 were confirmed through a colony formation, migration, and invasion assay. The effect of HOXB4 on the expression of EMT and cancer stem cell markers was detected. The transcriptional target of HOXB4 was DHDDS, which was detected by a ChIP assay. A xenograft tumor model was performed in nude mice to detect the role of HOXB4 in tumor proliferation and metastasis. Results：Results showed that the expression of HOXB4 was higher in OV tissues than in normal tissues and correlated with the poor prognosis of OV. HOXB4 knockdown suppressed the proliferation and invasion ability of OV cells in vitro. Conversely, these effects were enhanced by the up-regulation of HOXB4 in OV cells. The binding of two DNA motifs through HOXB4 regulated DHDDS expression and contributed to the malignant progression of OV. The role of HOXB4 in promoting tumor proliferation and metastasis was verified in mice. Further investigation revealed that HOXB4 triggered Snail and Zeb1 expression. Conclusion: Overall, HOXB4 overexpression was remarkably correlated with the poor prognosis of OV. HOXB4 up-regulated DHDDS, which co-contributed to the enhancer proliferation and invasion of OV cells, thus accelerating the malignant progression of OV.

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Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Combined with Neuron-Specific Enolase and S100 calcium-binding protein B Detection in Predicting the Prognosis of Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

10.32592/ircmj.2021.23.4.261 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Poor Prognosis ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

S100b Protein ◽

Control Group ◽

The Poor ◽

Severe Tbi ◽

Prognosis Group ◽

Good Prognosis Group

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The present study evaluated the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) combined with Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) protein in predicting the prognosis of moderate and severe TBI. Methods The TBI patients were divided into moderate TBI (TBIm) and severe TBI (TBIs) groups according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) after admission. The patients were then divided into good and poor prognosis groups according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS); moreover, their follow-ups were recorded at 3 and 6 months after injury. This study also included 65 healthy individuals with matched age and gender as the control group. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of DTI, serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100B protein levels were detected in this study. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22.0) to evaluate the role of DTI combined with NSE and S100B protein in predicting the prognosis in TBIm and TBIs. Results: After TBI, the FA values of DTI in the TBI group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); moreover, the serum NSE and S100B values in the TBI group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the TBIm patients, the FA values of the corpus callosum in the good prognosis group were higher than that in the poor prognosis group (P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the FA values of the internal capsule and the cerebral peduncle (P>0.05). The serum levels of NSE and S100B in the good prognosis group were significantly lower than those in the poor prognosis group (P<0.05). In the TBIs patients, the FA value of all areas in the good prognosis group was significantly higher than that in the poor prognosis group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two prognosis groups regarding the serum levels of NSE and S100B (P>0.05). Conclusion Although DTI combined with NSE and S100B protein can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with moderate and severe TBI in the early stages, various other measures have been used in the studies to predict the prognosis of TBI patients. Accordingly, comparison with other measures is essential in further studies.

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Chest Compressions in the Delivery Room

Children ◽

10.3390/children6010004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Catalina Garcia-Hidalgo ◽

Georg M. Schmölzer

Keyword(s):

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽

Chest Compression ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Delivery Room ◽

Chest Compressions ◽

Optimal Depth ◽

The Poor ◽

Sustained Inflation ◽

High Incidence

Annually, an estimated 13–26 million newborns need respiratory support and 2–3 million newborns need extensive resuscitation, defined as chest compression and 100% oxygen with or without epinephrine in the delivery room. Despite such care, there is a high incidence of mortality and neurologic morbidity. The poor prognosis associated with receiving chest compression alone or with medications in the delivery room raises questions as to whether improved cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods specifically tailored to the newborn could improve outcomes. This review discusses the current recommendations, mode of action, different compression to ventilation ratios, continuous chest compression with asynchronous ventilations, chest compression and sustained inflation optimal depth, and oxygen concentration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

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The role of microsatellite instability in gastric carcinoma

Gut ◽

10.1136/gut.42.2.300 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 300-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

J D HAYDEN ◽

I G MARTIN ◽

L CAWKWELL ◽

P QUIRKE

Keyword(s):

Gastric Carcinoma ◽

Microsatellite Instability

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Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222413650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (24) ◽

pp. 13650

Author(s):

Carolina Maria Sassu ◽

Innocenza Palaia ◽

Serena Maria Boccia ◽

Giuseppe Caruso ◽

Giorgia Perniola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Circulating Biomarkers ◽

Tumor Biopsy ◽

Non Invasive ◽

The Poor ◽

Platinum Resistant ◽

New Biomarkers

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common cause of death in women with gynecological cancer. Considering the poor prognosis, particularly in the case of platinum-resistant (PtR) disease, a huge effort was made to define new biomarkers able to help physicians in approaching and treating these challenging patients. Currently, most data can be obtained from tumor biopsy samples, but this is not always available and implies a surgical procedure. On the other hand, circulating biomarkers are detected with non-invasive methods, although this might require expensive techniques. Given the fervent hope in their value, here we focused on the most studied circulating biomarkers that could play a role in PtR OC.

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Tumor-Associated Microglia and Macrophages in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment and their Implications for Therapy

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13174255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 4255

Author(s):

Rikke Sick Andersen ◽

Atul Anand ◽

Dylan Scott Lykke Harwood ◽

Bjarne Winther Kristensen

Keyword(s):

Poor Prognosis ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Treatment Resistance ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Primary Brain Tumor ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

The Poor ◽

Temozolomide Chemotherapy

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant primary brain tumor. Standard of care includes surgery followed by radiation and temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite treatment, patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 15 months. The poor prognosis is associated with an increased abundance of tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs), which are known to play a role in creating a pro-tumorigenic environment and aiding tumor progression. Most treatment strategies are directed against glioblastoma cells; however, accumulating evidence suggests targeting of TAMs as a promising therapeutic strategy. While TAMs are typically dichotomously classified as M1 and M2 phenotypes, recent studies utilizing single cell technologies have identified expression pattern differences, which is beginning to give a deeper understanding of the heterogeneous subpopulations of TAMs in glioblastomas. In this review, we evaluate the role of TAMs in the glioblastoma microenvironment and discuss how their interactions with cancer cells have an extensive impact on glioblastoma progression and treatment resistance. Finally, we summarize the effects and challenges of therapeutic strategies, which specifically aim to target TAMs.

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Frailty syndrome. What physicians and cardiologists need to know?

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2020.01.000279 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 62-68

Author(s):

K E Krivoshapova ◽

E A Vegner ◽

O L Barbarash

Keyword(s):

Clinical Studies ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Frailty Syndrome ◽

Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽

The Poor ◽

Clinical Syndromes ◽

Complicated Course

The review presents the data and evidences from recent clinical studies on the frailty syndrome - one of the most relevant clinical syndromes, though not studied well yet. The latest data on the prevalence of frailty and various factors contributing to its onset are reported. The presence of frailty is considered as an independent predictor of poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The role of frailty in the development of cardiovascular diseases, their progression and complicated course has been analyzed using the latest studies. In addition, the tendency towards higher incidence of frailty among the population of different countries and the poor prognosis of frail patients requires a series of clinical studies aimed at developing measures for primary and secondary prevention, as well as effective treatment strategies for frailty. The PubMed was used for a literature review.

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Chest Compressions in the Delivery Room

10.20944/preprints201810.0027.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Catalina Garcia-Hidalgo ◽

Georg M. Schmölzer

Keyword(s):

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽

Chest Compression ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Delivery Room ◽

Chest Compressions ◽

Short Term ◽

Optimal Depth ◽

The Poor ◽

Sustained Inflation ◽

High Incidence

Annually, an estimated 13-26 million newborns need respiratory support and 2-3 million newborns need extensive resuscitation, defined as chest compression and 100% oxygen with or without epinephrine in the delivery room. Despite such care, there is a high incidence of mortality and short-term neurologic morbidity. The poor prognosis associated with receiving chest compression alone or with medications in the delivery room raises questions as to whether improved cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods specifically tailored to the newborn could improve outcomes. This review discusses the current recommendations, mode of action, different compression to ventilation ratio, continuous chest compression with asynchronous ventilations, chest compression and sustained inflation optimal depth, and oxygen concentration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

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The Role of the Microbiome in Liver Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13102330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2330

Author(s):

Mar Moreno-Gonzalez ◽

Naiara Beraza

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Chronic Liver Disease ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Preclinical Studies ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

The Poor ◽

Common Malignancy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignancy occuring in the context of chronic liver disease and is one of the main causes of cancer-derived death worldwide. The lack of effective treatments, together with the poor prognosis, underlines the urge to develop novel and multidisciplinary therapeutics. An increasing body of evidence shows that HCC associates with changes in intestinal microbiota abundance and composition as well as with impaired barrier function, leading to the release of bacteria and their metabolites to the liver. These factors trigger a cascade of inflammatory responses contributing to liver cirrhosis and constituting an ideal environment for the progression of HCC. Interestingly, the use of bacteriotherapy in human and preclinical studies of chronic liver disease and HCC has been shown to successfully modify the microbiota composition, reducing overall inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we explore the existing knowledge on the characterisation of the intestinal microbial composition in humans and experimental murine chronic liver disease and HCC, as well as the use of antibiotics and bacteriotherapy as therapeutic options.

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