scholarly journals Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
V. S. Levchenko ◽  
E. V. Grebenkina ◽  
N. A. Illarionova ◽  
E. N. Koroleva ◽  
S. V. Zinovyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Vulvar Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Lichen Sclerosus ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Long Time

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is the proliferation of atypical basal cells in the vulvar epithelium. The global VIN incidence has recently doubled; its incidence among white women under 35 years of age has almost tripled with a tendency for further growth. Such an increase in the number of usual-type VIN cases in young women is primarily attributed to infection with highly oncogenic human papillomavirus. The second type of dysplasia, namely differentiated VIN, is usually found in older women and is associated with chronic dystrophic diseases of the vulva, most frequently with lichen sclerosus of the vulva. VIN diagnosis is quite challenging; no screening programs for this disorder have been developed so far. Patients with VIN practice self-treatment for a long time, which aggravates their condition and might trigger the development of vulvar cancer. Several treatment options are currently available; however, their efficacy worldwide is not high.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Epidemiology of Vulvar Cancer: Systematic Literature Review for an Update of Incidence and Risk Factors

Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Lauro Bucchi ◽  
Margherita Pizzato ◽  
Stefano Rosso ◽  
Stefano Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Vulvar Cancer ◽  
Lichen Sclerosus ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Original Cohort

The aim of this review was an update of vulvar cancer incidence rates and trends and of all known and putative risk factors for the disease. The most recent incidence data were sought from official sources (WHO Cancer Incidence in Five Continents). To obtain an estimate of time trends in some areas, we compared data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents with the few available studies that measured incidence using comparable methods. With respect to risk factors, a systematic PubMed search identified 1585 relevant articles published between 1980 and 2021. Abstracts and full texts were screened. Sixty-nine eligible original cohort and case-control studies were selected. Information was extracted using a PRISMA predesigned form. Nineteen risk factors, or risk factor categories, were investigated by two or more original studies. Solitary, unreplicated studies addressed the putative role of eight more factors. Recent advances have provided further evidence supporting the carcinogenic model centred on human papillomavirus infection with different defects of the immune function. Conversely, the model centred on the role of vulvar lichen sclerosus and the often associated differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia has continued to be epidemiologically understudied. More research on the association between these two conditions and vulvar cancer is a priority.

HPV-related Vulvar Diseases and Perspectives of p16INK4a Immunochemistry: A Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Carrone ◽  
Lucia Riganelli ◽  
Delia Savone ◽  
Assunta Casorelli ◽  
Lucia Merlino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Sclerosus ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
P53 Immunoreactivity

Introduction Two different types of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), HPV-related and HPV-unrelated, should be considered as two separate entities with different management options. The incidence of HPV-related VIN is increasing worldwide and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Our objective is to investigate the use of p16INK4a immunostaining or p16INK4a/p53 double staining for the detection of HPV-related disease to overcome the problem that histological criteria often have significant overlap. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out in the online databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clincaltrials.gov and Scopus. The key search terms were HPV, VIN, p16INK4a immunochemistry and p53. Results We found that nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining for p16INK4a was intense and diffuse in HPV-associated lesions and weak and focal in normal vulvar epithelium, nondysplastic lesions, lichen sclerosus and keratinizing vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. p53 nuclear immunostaining was always negative in HPV-related disease. Conclusions Our findings indicated that p16INK4a or p16INK4a/p53 immunoreactivity, along with histological diagnosis, could be a convenient means to adequately classify VIN and its connection to HPV infection. Therefore, the clear recognition of HPV-associated VIN would lead to an appropriate strategy of treatment and follow-up.

scholarly journals Recovery therapy after photodynamic therapy of background and precancerous diseases of the vulva

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
V.V. Dunaevskaya ◽  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
O.V. Zanko
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Lichen Sclerosus ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Lichen Sclerosus Et Atrophicus ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Keywords Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group 2

A comprehensive approach that includes the treatment of background and precancerous diseases of the vulva by photodynamic therapy and plasma therapy as rehabilitation therapy was developed. The method’s effectiveness was evaluated. The study is also aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of plasma therapy after treatment of background and precancerous diseases of the vulva by photodynamic therapy. The work is based on the study results of 60 patients aged 32 to 70 years old, mean age was (53.3+3.6) years, with a morphologically verified diagnosis of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, mixed vulvar dystrophy (Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, squamous cell hyperplasia), which were divided into two groups. Patients of both groups underwent photodynamic therapy using an intravenous photosensitizer «Fotolon®» (RUE «Belmedpreparaty», Republic of Belarus), which is a complex of chlorine ебс trisodium salt with low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone. The session of photodynamic therapy was performed 3^1 hours after the end of the FS infusion using a universal laser coagulator «Likar-Hirurg (Surgeon)» («Photonica Plus», Ukraine, A-660 nm). Plasma therapy was performed for patients of group 2 after photodynamic therapy. It has been established that the use of photodynamic therapy and plasma therapy increases the effect of treatment of background and precancerous diseases of the vulva, accelerates the period of damaged tissues regeneration and rehabilitation of patients twice and prolongs the recurrence-free period of the disease. Keywords: photodynamic therapy, plasma therapy, precancerous diseases of the vulva.

Patient-reported Outcome Measures for Women with Vulvar Neoplasia – Current Situation and Future Directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Beate Senn ◽  
Manuela Eicher ◽  
Michael D Mueller ◽  
Sandra Engberg ◽  
Rebecca Spirig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Patient Reported

This article discusses concerns about women with vulvar neoplasia (vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and vulvar cancer) and the available surgical treatment options. Given the gaps in the evidence base in terms of women with vulvar neoplasia and surgical treatment the women with vulvar Neoplasia-Patient Reported Outcome (WOMAN-PRO) research project focused on complications, symptoms and associated distress of women with surgically treated vulvar neoplasia. The main results of the research project are summarised, showing complications identified by clinicians, experiences reported by patients, the newly developed WOMAN-PRO instrument and symptom occurrence of each of 31 symptoms and the degree to which symptoms distressed women during the first seven days after discharge following surgical treatment for their vulvar neoplasia. Furthermore, based on the major findings of the project, suggestions for further research and clinical practice and conclusions are presented. We conclude that including patient self-report as a major element in follow-up care has the potential to enhance the quality of supportive care.

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