ENERGY COSTS OF FRUITING AS A YIELD-LIMITING FACTOR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AVOCADO

1986 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Wolstenholme
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Energy Costs

scholarly journals ENERGY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SOLID BIOFUEL USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
E.M. Oliynyk ◽  
V.I. Zubenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Load Optimization ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Solid Biofuel

The article contains consolidated results of the simulation of the untreated fuel raw materials use scheme in comparison with the fuel pellets production. Specific indicators and the main factors of influence on energy, ecological and economic efficiency of biofuel use are determined. It was found that the organizational scheme of sunflower husk pelleting and pellets transportation on up to 400 km distance is a more energy-efficient solution. In this case, the main energy costs will be related specifically to the pellets production, and therefore the main direction of energy costs reduction should be the production energy efficiency increasing – electricity consumption lowering. Otherwise, in case of fuel transportation on more than 400 km distance, the main attention should be paid to the motor fuels consumption lowering and the transport load optimization. The pellets production and transportation leads to an increase in total greenhouse gas emissions compared with husk transportation on up to 2000 km distance. Therefore, husk pellets production for domestic transportation is not an effective solution from an environmental point of view. The husk transportation is economically more efficient compared to the organizational scheme of pellets production and transportation on up to 300 km distances. Financially economic efficiency is the main limiting factor at decision-making on the organizational scheme of sunflower husk use.

Conservation of feline semen: Part II: Cold-induced damages on spermatozoal fertilizing ability

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C Luvoni ◽  
E Kalchschmidt ◽  
G Marinoni
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Functional Integrity ◽  
Sperm Characteristics ◽  
Fertilizing Ability ◽  
Staining Methods

During the conservation of feline semen, the freeze–thaw procedure in particular is responsible for inducing severe spermatozoal damage, which diminishes fertilizing ability. Therefore, cold-induced damage represents a limiting factor for the conservation of semen, particularly semen from felids, which are often affected by teratospermia. In this article, feline sperm characteristics are reported, with special reference to motility and morphology, which are more likely to be affected by conservation protocols; and moreover, the causes of cold-induced damages are described. Attention has been focused on methods to evaluate functional integrity of spermatozoa, and those applied to cat semen are reviewed. Among these, a rather recently developed technique involves fluorescent staining methods, and in particular chlortetracycline. The chlortetracycline assay applied to cryopreserved cat epididymal sperm shows that it is suitable to evaluate the functional status of cat sperm.

scholarly journals Climatic limits for the present European distribution of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), with special reference to Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Tytar
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Niche Modeling ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
The Common

In this study, we used a ecological niche modeling approach to detect the importance of diverse climatic parameters in controlling the distribution of forest tree species, exemplified by the common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), with special reference to Ukraine from where digitized data on the species has been scarce. In Ukraine populations of this tree species are found on the edge of its home range and are exposed to extreme climate conditions. The main objectives of the present study were to model the European-wide ecological niche of the common hornbeam and investigate primary climatic factors that control the potential distribution of this tree in Ukraine. Using an ecological niche modeling approach, we consider having reliably modeled the European-wide bioclimatic niche of the common hornbeam for predicting the response of species geographical distribution to climate. Most contributing to the model was the mean monthly PET (potential evapotranspiration) of the coldest quarter, continentality and annual PET. In terms of the Most Limiting Factor, in Ukraine continentality is crucial throughout the majority of the country.

Fatigue Tests of Airplane Generator Brackets With Special Reference to Failure of Screw Fastenings

1945 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. A113-A122
Author(s):  
A. M. Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Fatigue tests on forged-steel airplane-generator brackets of different proportions are described. It was found that in many cases the limiting factor in the strength of the assembly was not that of the bracket itself but rather that of the screw fastenings used to hold the bracket to the generator frame. The fatigue strength of these screw fastenings is largely dependent on the rigidity (or thickness) of the bracket rim, since a flexible rim allows a high variable stress to be set up. Methods, which appear to yield reasonable results for design purposes, are given for calculating screw stresses as well as spoke and rim stresses in brackets of this type.

Utilizing Dark Field Electron Microscopy to Produce Lantern Slides

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
J. N. Meador ◽  
C. N. Sun ◽  
H. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Field Electron ◽  
Time Element ◽  
Field Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field Electron ◽  
Dark Field Micrographs

The electron microscope is being utilized more and more in clinical laboratories for pathologic diagnosis. One of the major problems in the utilization of the electron microscope for diagnostic purposes is the time element involved. Recent experimentation with rapid embedding has shown that this long phase of the process can be greatly shortened. In rush cases the making of projection slides can be eliminated by taking dark field electron micrographs which show up as a positive ready for use. The major limiting factor for use of dark field micrographs is resolution. However, for conference purposes electron micrographs are usually taken at 2.500X to 8.000X. At these low magnifications the resolution obtained is quite acceptable.

Toward High-Resolution Low-Voltage SEM

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Probe Radius ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Recently, low voltage (≤5kV) scanning electron microscopes have become popular because of their unprecedented advantages, such as minimized charging effects and smaller specimen damage, etc. Perhaps the most important advantage of LVSEM is that they may be able to provide ultrahigh resolution since the interaction volume decreases when electron energy is reduced. It is obvious that no matter how low the operating voltage is, the resolution is always poorer than the probe radius. To achieve 10Å resolution at 5kV (including non-local effects), we would require a probe radius of 5∽6 Å. At low voltages, we can no longer ignore the effects of chromatic aberration because of the increased ratio δV/V. The 3rd order spherical aberration is another major limiting factor. The optimized aperture should be calculated as

Computer averaging of lattice images of poly-4-methyl-pentene-1 (P4mp1): Noise created artifacts

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
P. Pradère ◽  
J.F. Revol ◽  
R. St. John Manley
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Dose Unit ◽  
Lattice Images ◽  
Dose Imaging ◽  
Imaging Conditions

Although radiation damage is the limiting factor in HREM of polymers, new techniques based on low dose imaging at low magnification have permitted lattice images to be obtained from very radiation sensitive polymers such as polyethylene (PE). This paper describes the computer averaging of P4MP1 lattice images. P4MP1 is even more sensitive than PE (total end point dose of 27 C m-2 as compared to 100 C m-2 for PE at 120 kV). It does, however, have the advantage of forming flat crystals from dilute solution and no change in d-spacings is observed during irradiation.Crystals of P4MP1 were grown at 60°C in xylene (polymer concentration 0.05%). Electron microscopy was performed with a Philips EM 400 T microscope equipped with a Low Dose Unit and operated at 120 kV. Imaging conditions were the same as already described elsewhere. Enlarged micrographs were digitized and processed with the Spider image processing system.

Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J.M. Fadool
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

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