OCCURRENCE OF COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM, CAUSE OF STRAWBERRY ANTHRACNOSE IN ISRAEL, AND MOLECULAR DIFFERENTIATION AMONG THE COLLETOTRICHUM SPECIES COMPLEX

1997 ◽  
pp. 803-808
Author(s):  
S. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Molecular Differentiation ◽  
Strawberry Anthracnose

scholarly journals Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Phylogenetic Analyses of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Brown Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjuan Chen ◽  
Wenjun Qiao ◽  
Liang Zeng ◽  
Dahang Shen ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Blight Disease

Brown blight disease caused by Colletotrichum species is a common and serious foliar disease of tea (Camellia sinensis). Fungal isolates from several tea plantations causing typical brown blight symptoms were identified as belonging to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex and the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Colletotrichum acutatum, a new causal agent associated with C. sinensis, showed high phenotypic and genotypic diversity compared with the more commonly reported C. gloeosporioides. Phylogenetic analysis derived from individual and combined ITS and GAPDH sequences clearly clustered C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides into separate species. Pathogenicity tests validated that both species were causal agents of tea brown blight disease and were highly pathogenic to tea leaves. However, the two groups of C. gloeosporioides with low levels of variability within their ITS and GAPDH regions differed in their virulence. This study reports for the first time the characterization of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides causing brown blight disease on tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in China.

scholarly journals Colletotrichum fioriniae and C. godetiae causing postharvest bitter rot of apple in South Tyrol (northern Italy)

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greice Amaral Carneiro ◽  
Sanja Baric
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
South Tyrol ◽  
Bitter Rot ◽  
Apple Production

South Tyrol (northern Italy) harbors one of the largest interconnected apple farming areas in Europe that contributes approximately 10% to the apple production of the European Union. In spite of the availability of sophisticated storage facilities, postharvest diseases occur, one of which is bitter rot of apple. In Europe, this postharvest disease is mainly caused by the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. This work aimed to characterize the Colletotrichum species isolated from decayed apple fruit collected in 2018 and 2019 in South Tyrol. The characterization of Colletotrichum species was accomplished based on multi-locus DNA sequences of four different genomic regions, actin (ACT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone H3 (HIS3), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as well as morphological and pathogenicity assessment. A phylogenetic analysis based on multi-locus DNA sequences showed that the isolates obtained from apples with symptoms of bitter rot belonged to the species C. godetiae and C. fioriniae, which are part of the C. acutatum species complex. A third species isolated from apple belonging to the same species complex, C. salicis, was recently described in this area. Moreover, the Colletotrichum isolates found in this study proved to be virulent on the cultivars ‘Cripps Pink’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Roho 3615’/Evelina®. To the best of our knowledge, C. godetiae and C. fioriniae have so far never been mentioned as postharvest pathogens of apple in Italy, even though the (re)-analysis of samples collected in the past indicates that these pathogens have been occurring in Italy for at least a decade. So far, bitter rot seems to play a rather minor role as a postharvest disease in South Tyrol, but it was disproportionately represented on few scab-resistant apple cultivars, which are increasingly planted in organically managed orchards. Considering that the expansion of organic apple production and the conversion to new potentially Colletotrichum-susceptible cultivars will continue, the present study represents a first important contribution towards a better understanding of bitter rot in this geographic area.

scholarly journals rps3 as a Candidate Mitochondrial Gene for the Molecular Identification of Species from the Colletotrichum acutatum Species Complex

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pszczółkowska ◽  
Piotr Androsiuk ◽  
Jan Paweł Jastrzębski ◽  
Łukasz Paukszto ◽  
Adam Okorski
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Colletotrichum Species

Colletotrichum species form one of the most economically significant groups of pathogenic fungi and lead to significant losses in the production of major crops—in particular, fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, shrubs, and trees. Members of the genus Colletotrichum cause anthracnose disease in many plants. Due to their considerable variation, these fungi have been widely investigated in genetic studies as model organisms. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of four Colletotrichum species (C. fioriniae, C. lupini, C. salicis, and C. tamarilloi). The reported circular mitogenomes range from 30,020 (C. fioriniae) to 36,554 bp (C. lupini) in size and have identical sets of genes, including 15 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes. All four mitogenomes are characterized by a rather poor repetitive sequence content with only forward repeat representatives and a low number of microsatellites. The topology of the phylogenetic tree reflects the systematic positions of the studied species, with representatives of each Colletotrichum species complex gathered in one clade. A comparative analysis reveals consistency in the gene composition and order of Colletotrichum mitogenomes, although some highly divergent regions are also identified, like the rps3 gene which appears as a source of potential diagnostic markers for all studied Colletotrichum species.

scholarly journals Anthracnose Fruit and Root Necrosis of Strawberry Are Caused by a Dominant Species Within the Colletotrichum acutatum Species Complex in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1293-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan-Yi Wang ◽  
Bruna B. Forcelini ◽  
Natalia A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Strawberry Anthracnose

Strawberry anthracnose fruit rot and root necrosis, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, are primary limiting factors in fruit production fields in the United States. Recent research focusing on the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of this species has shed light on the diversity of the C. acutatum species complex. In this study, we performed multilocus sequence analysis of four genetic loci to characterize 217 C. acutatum isolates collected over a 23-year period from symptomatic plant tissues of strawberry from six different states. The results revealed two Colletotrichum spp. (C. nymphaeae and C. fioriniae), with 97.7% of the isolate collection (212 of 217) belonging to C. nymphaeae as a dominant clonal linage, regardless of the isolation source. No correlation between species groups and geographical origins of the isolates was observed. Further sequence comparison between historical and contemporary isolates showed the same populations being widely distributed throughout the strawberry nurseries and production fields in the United States and Canada. Subsequently, a subset of 12 isolates representing different quinone-outside inhibitor fungicide resistance profiles from root or fruit tissue of strawberry was selected for comparison of pathogenicity on strawberry. In this test, isolates of different resistance groups or different isolation sources exhibited a similar degree of aggressiveness and caused indistinguishable symptoms on strawberry crowns (P = 0.9555 and 0.7873, respectively) and fruit (P = 0.1638 and 0.1141, respectively), although a significant difference among individual isolates was observed in detached-fruit assays (P = 0.0123). Separate pathogenicity tests using isolates of the two species revealed C. nymphaeae being more aggressive than C. fioriniae in infecting strawberry roots and crowns (P = 0.0073). Therefore, given the occurrence and pathogenicity of C. nymphaeae, this species is likely the sole cause responsible for strawberry anthracnose in the United States.

Molecular differentiation and taxonomy of the sunwatcher toad-headed agama species complex Phrynocephalus superspecies helioscopus (Pallas 1771) (Reptilia: Agamidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 842-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Solovyeva ◽  
N. A. Poyarkov ◽  
E. A. Dunaev ◽  
T. N. Duysebayeva ◽  
A. A. Bannikova
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Differentiation

Unveiling Members of Colletotrichum acutatum Species Complex Causing Colletotrichum Leaf Disease of Hevea brasiliensis in Sri Lanka

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Hunupolagama ◽  
N. V. Chandrasekharan ◽  
W. S. S. Wijesundera ◽  
H. S. Kathriarachchi ◽  
T. H. P. S. Fernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Leaf Disease

Bitter Rot of Apple in the Mid-Atlantic US: Causal Species and Evaluation of the Impacts of Regional Weather Patterns and Cultivar Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip L. Martin ◽  
Teresa Krawczyk ◽  
Fatemeh Khodadadi ◽  
Srđan G. Aćimović ◽  
Kari Peter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Bitter Rot ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility

Apple growers in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States have been reporting an increase in losses to bitter rot of apple and are requesting up-to-date management recommendations. Management is complicated by variations in apple cultivar susceptibility, temperature and rainfall, and biology of the Colletotrichum species that cause bitter rot. Over 500 apples with bitter rot were obtained from 38 orchards across the Mid-Atlantic and the causal species identified as C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae of the C. acutatum species complex and C. chrysophilum, C. noveboracense, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. henanense, and C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto of the C. gloeosporioides species complex, the latter two being first reports. Species with faster in vitro growth rates at higher temperatures were more abundant in warmer regions of the Mid-Atlantic, while those with slower growth rates at higher temperatures were more abundant in cooler regions. Regional bloom dates are earlier and weather data shows a gradual warming trend that likely influenced, but was not necessarily the main cause of the recent increase in bitter rot in the region. A grower survey of apple cultivar susceptibility showed high variation, with the increase in acres planted to the highly susceptible cultivar ‘Honeycrisp’ broadly corresponding to the increase in reports of bitter rot. These results form a basis for future studies on the biology and ecology of the Colletotrichum species responsible, and suggest that integrated bitter rot management must begin with selection of less-susceptible apple cultivars.

scholarly journals Characterization of Colletotrichum spp. Sensitivity to Carbendazim for Isolates Causing Strawberry Anthracnose in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Shan Zhong ◽  
Jianqiang Miao ◽  
Xili Liu ◽  
Guozhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Strawberry Anthracnose ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Important Disease

Strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is an important disease that may cause significant economic losses. Based on multilocus sequence analyses and morphological characteristics, 64 isolates from strawberry anthracnose samples collected from nine Chinese provinces and municipalities were identified as three species: Colletotrichum fructicola (29 isolates), Colletotrichum siamense (23 isolates), and Colletotrichum nymphaeae (12 isolates). Isolates of C. siamense showed strong aggressiveness to fruit and leaves. Isolates of C. fructicola showed strong aggressiveness to crowns. Isolates of C. nymphaeae were weakly or not pathogenic to fruit, leaves, or crowns. Sensitivity to carbendazim was determined for a total of 75 isolates, including 11 previously preserved. Two isolates of C. siamense were highly resistant (HR) and 21 were moderately resistant (MR). Nine isolates of C. fructicola were sensitive (S), 24 were HR, and four were MR. All 15 isolates of C. nymphaeae were insensitive, and their mycelial growth was not completely inhibited on potato dextrose agar amended with 500 μg/ml carbendazim. Beta-tubulin (TUB2) of representative isolates was amplified and sequenced, revealing a glutamic acid substituted by alanine at codon 198 in HR isolates of C. siamense and C. fructicola. MR isolates of C. siamense and C. fructicola had a point mutation at codon 200, causing a replacement of phenylalanine acid by tyrosine. No point mutation was detected at codons 50, 167, 198, 200, or 240 in TUB2 of C. nymphaeae insensitive isolates. Overall, this study revealed that C. fructicola was the dominant species causing anthracnose on strawberry and could improve the understanding of the management of fungicide resistance in Colletotrichum species on strawberry in China.

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