scholarly journals Cost-effective assessment of filter media for treating stormwater runoff in LID facilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoung Lee ◽  
Jiyeon Choi ◽  
Jungsun Hong ◽  
Hyeseon Choi ◽  
Lee-Hyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Effective Assessment

Understanding the factors influencing the removal of heavy metals in urban stormwater runoff

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2921-2928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marla C. Maniquiz-Redillas ◽  
Lee-Hyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

Abstract In this research, an infiltration trench equipped with an extensive pretreatment and filter bed consisting of woodchip, sand and gravel was utilized as a low impact development technique to manage stormwater runoff from a highly impervious road with particular emphasis on heavy metal removal. Findings revealed that the major factors influencing the removal of heavy metals were the concentration of the particulate matters and heavy metals in runoff, runoff volume and flow rates. The reduction of heavy metals was enhanced by sedimentation of particulates through pretreatment. Fine particles (<2 mm) had the most significant amount of heavy metals, thus, enhanced adsorption and filtration using various filter media were important design considerations. Sediment was most highly attached on the surface area of woodchip than to other filter media like sand, gravel and geotextile. It is suggested that maintenance must be performed after the end of the winter season wherein high sediment rate was observed to maintain the efficiency of the treatment system.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Filter in Field Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
K. Nagarajan ◽  
S. Ramya ◽  
T. Thangamani ◽  
A. Selvaperumal ◽  
T. Arthi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Filtration Unit ◽  
Solids Removal ◽  
Media Layer

The parameters require for maintaining the crop's health and the integrity of the irrigation system has a relation with quality of irrigation water. In Micro irrigation appropriate filtration is very much important to prevent clogging. Filtration unit is one of the main components in micro irrigation system that too, Primary filter is more important to be installed along with the unit, when the water source is from open reservoir and other water sources. Though it is essential, the primary filter is not being installed by the farmers due to its high cost. Hence this study is an attempt to fabricate low-cost filter and to evaluate its performance with different filter media layer. A low-cost primary filter for drip irrigation system is fabricated. Different filter media layer like silex sand (fine silex, coarse silex), pebbles with different sizes are selected. The results revealed that the removal efficiency of filter using silex sand and pebbles were 71% in terms of turbidity, 78% in terms of total suspended solids removal at flow rate of 12 m3 /hr. This fabricated low-cost filter will be cost effective for small farm applications.

Cost-effective assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Lambert Schuwirth ◽  
Cees van der Vleuten
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Assessment

Economics of new therapies in electrophysiology

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 3133-3135
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Boriani ◽  
Lucia D’Angiolella ◽  
Fabiana Madotto
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators ◽  
Resynchronization Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Devices ◽  
Implantable Cardiac Devices ◽  
Effective Assessment ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillators

Diagnostic and prognostic improvements in electrophysiology have been spectacular and mainly been attributable to the development of implantable cardiac devices, such as implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemakers (CRT-Ps), and resynchronization therapy pacemakers with defibrillation therapy (CRT-D). These therapies are expensive because of both up-front initial implant costs and for subsequent check-up, device replacement, and possible complications. As this is a typical case in which a therapy is both costly and effective, assessment of cost-effectiveness of these device therapies becomes of paramount importance. According to recent studies, these treatments are broadly cost-effective when applied adequately and correctly analysed over a long-term period. The up-front initial cost of the devices and their implant are sometimes short-term barriers to the implementation of cost-effective therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Roadway Stormwater Runoff Using Different Filter Media in Column Studies

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadele Haile ◽  
Maria Fuerhacker
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Natural Quartz ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Stormwater runoff from roadways often contains a variety of contaminants such as heavy metals, which can adversely impact receiving waters. The filter media in stormwater filtration/infiltration systems play a significant role in the simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants. In this study, the capacity of five filter media—natural quartz sand (QS), sandy soil (SS) and three mineral-based technical filter media (TF-I, TF-II and TF-III)—to adsorb heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) frequently detected in stormwater, as well as remobilization due to de-icing salt (NaCl), were evaluated in column experiments. The column breakthrough data were used to predict lifespan of the filter media. Column experiment operated under high hydraulic load showed that all technical filters and sandy soil achieved >97%, 94% and >80% of Pb, Cu and Zn load removals, respectively, while natural quartz sand (QS) showed very poor performance. Furthermore, treatment of synthetic stormwater by the soil and technical filter media met the requirements of the Austrian regulation regarding maximum effluent concentrations and minimum removal efficiencies for groundwater protection. The results showed that application of NaCl had only a minor impact on the remobilization of heavy metals from the soil and technical filter media, while the largest release of metals was observed from the QS column. Breakthrough analysis indicated that load removal efficiencies at column exhaustion (SS, TF-I, TF-II and TF-III) were >95% for Cu and Pb and 80–97% for Zn. Based on the adsorption capacities, filtration systems could be sized to 0.4 to 1% (TF-I, TF-II and TF-III) and 3.5% (SS) of their impervious catchment area and predicated lifespan of each filter media was at least 35, 36, 41 and 29 years for SS, TF-I, TF-II and TF-III, respectively. The findings of this study demonstrate that soil—based and technical filter media are effective in removing heavy metals and can be utilized in full-stormwater filtration systems.

Stormwater runoff treatment filtration system and backwashing system

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junho Lee ◽  
Myungjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Combined Sewer

Abstract This study has been carried out to evaluate the applicability of the pilot scale hybrid type of stormwater runoff treatment system for treatment of combined sewer overflow. Also, to determine the optimum operation parameter such as coagulation dosage concentration, effectiveness of coagulant usage, surface loading rate and backwashing conditions. The pilot scale stormwater filtration system (SFS) was installed at the municipal wastewater plant serving the city of Cheongju (CWTP), Korea. CWTP has a capacity of 280,000 m3/day. The SFS consists of a hydrocyclone coagulation/flocculation with polyaluminium chloride silicate (PACS) and an upflow filter to treat combined sewer overflows. There are two modes (without PACS use and with PACS use) of operation for the SFS. In case of no coagulant use, the range of suspended solids (SS) and turbidity removal efficiency were 72.0–86.6% (mean 80.0%) and 30.9–71.1% (mean 49.3%), respectively. And, the recovery rate of filter was 79.2–83.6% (mean 81.2%); the rate of remaining solid loading in filter media was 16.4–20.8% (mean 18.8%) after backwashing. The influent turbidity, SS concentrations were 59.0–90.7 NTU (mean 72.0 NTU), 194.0–320.0mg/L (mean 246.7mg/L), respectively. The range of PACS dosage concentration was 6.0–7.1mg/L (mean 6.7mg/L). The range of SS and turbidity removal efficiency was 84.9–98.2 (mean 91.4%) and 70.7–96.3 (mean 84.0%), respectively. It was found that removal efficiency was enhanced with PACS dosage. The recovery rate of filter was 92.0–92.5% (mean 92.3%) the rate of remaining solid loading in filter media was 6.1–8.2% (mean 7.2%) after backwashing. In the case of coagulant use, the particle size of the effluent is bigger than influent particle size. The results showed that SFS with PACS use more effective than without PACS use in SS and turbidity removal efficiency and recovery rate of filter.

A Simple and Cost-Effective Method for Fabricating Chitosan-Filled Filter Media from Lignocellulosic Biomass

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
A. N. Sadikin ◽  
R.R. Ali ◽  
N. Othman ◽  
Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Fibrous Filter Media ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Oily Wastewater Treatment

The newly developed non-woven filter media are composed of randomly oriented fibrous fibers from lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of incorporating chitosan solution in fibrous filter media made from lignocellulosic biomass. The wet lay-up method was adopted for filter media fabrication. Diluted acetic acid was used as medium to dissolve the chitosan powder. Chitosan solution was applied to the fiber using two different deposition techniques, namely, spray method and addition method. The tensile test demonstrated that the filter media using spray method outperformed a filter media made from by addition technique. From the FT-IR spectrum, when the chitosan was added to empty fruit bunches fibers, the absorption peaks at around 1642 cm-1 are clearly identified that showing the presence of amine group in the fibers. The changes observed in the spectra indicated the possible interaction of functional groups between chitosan and cellulose in the fibers. The newly developed non-woven filter media integrates the functions for both the deep filtration and mechanical screen, thus it will be an alternative medium in oily wastewater treatment industry.

An Approach for Cost Effective Assessment in Risk-Based Maintenance as a Life-Cycle Maintenance (LCM) Model

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Yatomi ◽  
Akio Fuji ◽  
Noriko Saito ◽  
Toshiaki Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Maintenance Strategy ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Effective Assessment ◽  
Maintenance Plan

For aged power plants in Japan, the life extension with retaining the safety and cost-effective beyond the original design lifetime is proposed. Therefore it is important to minimise the risk and maintenance cost to keep operating the plants. Life-Cycle Maintenance (LCM) is proposed for optimising maintenance plan with reliability in the life of the plants. Risk Based Maintenance (RBM) is included in the LCM to assess the risk of components in the plants. LCC and the investment assessment may be also conducted to decide the most cost effective maintenance strategy, if several maintenance strategies are proposed in RBM. In this paper, concept and an application of the LCM are described to optimise maintenance plan in the lifetime of a plant. It was found that the LCM is quite useful method to plan the most cost effective maintenance strategies in the lifetime of the plant.

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