On the history of the first Russian geological map

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-347
Author(s):  
Leonid R. Kolbantsev
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Central State ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geologic Map ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Mining Districts

The earliest Russian geologic map, the “Map of the Environs of the Nerchinsk Mining Establishment (1789–1794)”, was found in the Central State Historical Archive, Leningrad in 1925. At that time it was described by Presnyakov (1927). Shortly after that, the map was lost from view and was not available for study until recently. This paper investigates the provenance and history of the manuscript map in six sheets. It is likely that the Russian government commissioned the map in order to assess the mineral resources of the Nerchinsk district. The map was the result of six summer field seasons where the six base maps showing stream networks and topography were assembled using compasses and tapes. The rock types were superimposed on the base maps and depicted using different colors. The mapping effort was overseen by Egor Barboth de Marny, the director of the Nerchinsk mining establishment, and the fieldwork was undertaken by Dorofey Lebedev, Mikhail Ivanov and Alexey Cheredov. The innovative use of color may have been inspired by earlier maps of mining districts in Germany and suggested by Benedict Franz Johann Hermann, a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals Using Network Analysis to Study the History of Archival Collections Formation: A Case-Study of the Collection of N.P. Likhachev from the Scientific Historical Archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Ekaterina I. Nosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Petersburg Institute ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
European Section ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Interest in the history of book collections is not a recent phenomenon. However, rapid development of computers and the Internet over the past twenty years has provided researchers with new tools for network analysis, such as UCI6 и NetDraw 2.160. Continuing to identify the provenance of the documents kept in the Western European Section of the Scientific Historical Archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the author had to face the fact that abundance of information and complexity of the links between various sources make it difficult to make out the complete picture. The Western European section of the Scientific Historical Archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences is mostly based on the collection of the academician N P. Likhachev (1862—1936). N.P. Likhachev contacted hundreds of antiquarian firms around the world, and thus his collection fits into the complex and interwoven system of the European antiquarian market of the late 19th–early 20th century. To overcome the problem of branching data, the author decided to call on the experience of sociologists and to use computer programs for network analysis that enable to reflect and comprehend the links between objects. The article is to present the process and results of this work, as well as to underscore problems and specificity of the programs in relation to the archival material. The main source is data from the personal provenance archive of the academician N. P. Likhachev, collection of documents on the history of the Western European Section, and artifacts from the Likhachev collection. The second layer of sources is antiquarian catalogs. The program can visualize these two layers of information in different ways by using different colors and lines. Overlaying of the schemes allows completing of missing elements in the chain of provenance. It should be noted that due to the richness of the sources, the network, originally compiled for the collection of N.P. Likhachev, grows into a pan-European system of “collector-antiquarian” relationships. It opens wide perspectives for research.

Archaeological Materials :Rocks and Minerals

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Herz ◽  
Ervan G. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Historic Monument ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Lithic Artifacts ◽  
A Site

This chapter is only a brief introduction to lithic archaeological materials. Archaeologists with but little knowledge of rocks and rock-forming minerals are urged to learn about them in greater detail than that presented here. Lithic resources are abundant in almost every archaeological site, and lithic artifacts are invariably the best preserved of any remains. Early societies learned how to exploit these resources, and the use and production of lithics go back to the earliest known sites, at least 1.5 million years. In fact, the earliest cultures are distinguished on the basis of their lithic industries and lithic artifacts. Horror stories in misidentification of lithics abound. Not only have misidentified artifacts proven embarrassing to the archaeologist, but also they have made it difficult to make meaningful comparisons of different societies using published descriptions. In addition, conservation strategies for historical monuments cannot be developed without an understanding of the nature of the material used in their construction. Some egregious examples of ignorance of the rocks and minerals from our personal experience include the following: 1. An archaeologist asked if a quartzite scraper was either flint or chert. When told that it was neither, he asked, "Well then, which is it more like?" (answer, still neither). 2. Egyptian basalt statues have been called limestone in publications (and several other rock types). 3. Sources for alabaster were searched to explain a trading link between a site and elsewhere when the geological map showed the site was adjacent to a mountain of gypsum, the mineral component of alabaster (the gypsum may have merely rolled down the hillside to the workshops, where it became the more salable alabaster). 4. Conservators searched for methods to preserve an allegedly granitic historic monument, or so it had been identified. Chemical analysis revealed only abundant Ca, Mg, and carbonate. Fossils were also abundant in the "granite," which dissolved easily in hydrochloric acid (the "granite" was clearly limestone). Petrology is the branch of geology that deals with the occurrence, origin, and history of rocks. Petrography is concerned with descriptions of rocks, their mineralogy, structures, and textures.

Russian Meteorological Investigations in China in the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Feklova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Scientific Network ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of the Russian Magneto-Meteorological Observatory (RMMO) in Beijing has not been extensively researched. Sources for this information are Russian (the Russian State Historical Archive, Saint Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences, Russian National Library) and Chinese (the First Historical Archive of Beijing, the Library of the Shanghai Zikavey Observatory) archives. These archival materials can be scientifically and methodologically analyzed. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian Orthodox Mission (ROM) was founded in the territory of Beijing. Existing until 1955, the ROM performed an important role in the development of Russian–Chinese relations. Russian scientists could only work in Beijing through the ROM due to China’s policy of fierce self-isolation. The ROM became the center of Chinese academic studies and the first training school for Russian sinologists. From its very beginning, it was considered not only a church or diplomatic mission but a research center in close cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences. In this context, the RMMO made important weather investigations in China and the Far East in the 19th century. The RMMO, as well as its branch stations in China and Mongolia, part of a scientific network, represented an important link between Europe and Asia and was probably the largest geographical scientific network in the world at that time.

scholarly journals Public Resistance in the National Liberation Movement of Poles in Right-Bank Ukraine in the First Half of the 1860s (From the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv)

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-404
Author(s):  
Oksana Ivanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Central State ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Polish Question ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article covers important manifestations and specifics of the protest culture of the Polish community within the South-Western region of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 1860s on the basis of analysis and synthesis of information from the documents of "Office of Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General" (f.442) and "Office of the trustee of the Kiev school district" (f.707) of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv). Defending one's own cultural identity as a driver of national development is connected with the awareness of the political interests and goals of the liberation struggle of Poles. The unique influence of the Polish question on historical processes, the configuration of international relations in Europe during the "long 19th century" determines the relevance and scientific significance of the study and thinking of the history of Polish national and cultural movement. Comprehensive study of the Polish question in the European history of the 19th century is an important part of the scientific perception of interethnic contradictions and antagonisms in the Russian Empire and the reaction of European diplomacy and public opinion, a deeper understanding of the essence of Russian-Polish cultural and civilizational confrontation and its impact on Ukrainian national life. Following the three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772, 1793, 1795) most of the territories of this formerly powerful European state were incorporated into the Russian Empire, there was a fierce struggle for cultural and ideological dominance in the region. The Polish national liberation movement of the 1860s, which culminated in the January Uprising of 1863-1864, developed against a background of broad social and cultural resistance to Russian autocracy, manifested in such protest actions as mourning and serving panikhads for dead Poles, singing patriotic Polish songs and hymns, public wearing of national costumes, participation in anti-government manifestations and demonstrations, refusal to read prayers for the emperor in churches, and so on. Clergy and educators, as well as students and pupils, were the driving force behind this protest movement, which had an international resonance

Pioneering Geologic Studies of the Black Hills, Dakota Territory, USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aalto
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
John Wesley ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geologic Map ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Thin Section Petrography ◽  
John Wesley Powell

Discovery of significant gold deposits in the Black Hills, Dakota Territory, in the early 1870s led to a Congressional mandate that organized geological exploration of the Hills be undertaken. Ferdinand V. Hayden (1829-1887), who had previously visited the region, principally to collect fossils, was thwarted in his efforts to oversee such exploration by the combined efforts of John Strong Newberry (1822-1892) and John Wesley Powell (1834-1902), who instead promoted Walter P. Jenney (1850-1904?) and Henry Newton (1845-1877), both colleagues of Newberry at the Columbia College School of Mines. In a four-month field season the Jenney/Newton Survey (1875) carefully examined some 6,000 square miles of the Black Hills. Newton then oversaw production of an extensive report on the geology, mineral resources and other aspects of natural history. The report included a detailed geologic map, numerous stratigraphic columns, interpretive figures illustrating the geomorphic evolution of the Hills, thin section petrography of samples collected and a general discussion of the geologic history. Of note are Newton's interpretations of laccolith formation and drainage evolution. Despite Congressional approval funding production, the publication of the report was delayed until 1880, after Newton's untimely death in 1877 during a second visit to the Hills. It appeared under the auspices of John Wesley Powell's Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountains Region. G. K. Gilbert (1843-1918) unofficially edited the final version of the report, using Newton's notes, drafts and figures. However, Newton should justly receive credit for its excellence.

HISTORICAL AND DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR. TOWARDS THE HISTORY OF THE DOCUMENTS COLLECTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-96
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Khorkhordina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Staff ◽  
The State ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Central State ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Moscow Institute ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Basing on the archival sources of the GARF and RGAE, the article analyses the stages of collection and usage of the documentary heritage of the Great Patriotic War. It was at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War that the decision was made to collect the war-time records. It is noted that various institutions and organizations were involved in the process of accumulating such documentary heritage including the Commission on History of the Great Patriotic War at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR which developed into the methodological centre coordinating the work of local commissions. Under war-time conditions, the state archives acquisition techniques and methods made it necessary to introduce significant changes into the collecting procedures of the State Archival Fund. The paper discusses the initiatives and measures taken by the State Archives Administration for the acquisition of archives with the war-time documents. The article analyses the reports and speeches of the delegates of the All-Russia Conference of Historians and Archivists, held in June 1943, at which the issue of collecting various types and kinds of the documentary evidence of the Great Patriotic War was raised, and among that evidence – the documents of personal origin: the letters, diaries, memoirs of ordinary participants in the events. Proposals were put forward and the resolution was adopted concerning the foundation of the Central State Archives of the Great Patriotic War, what, however, was not implemented. The idea of establishing a special Archives, promoted by the Conference, was revived in the 1970s by Konstantin Simonov, the writer, whose actions still did not result in the creation of the institution. Using archival sources, the article considers the work of the staff members of the state archives and museums, and also of the academic staff and the students of the Moscow Institute for History and Archives referring to their activities such as the collection and preservation of the documentary heritage of the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals The known unknown land

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yurievna Feklova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
National Library ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article is devoted to the history of Russian hypsometric and geographic investigations of the northern part of China, Mongolia, Manchuria, the Amur and the Ussuri region in the 19th century. The article is based on the analysis of numerous sources from the Russian State Historical Archive, St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences, Russian National Library, the Library of the Shanghai Zikawei Observatory. The article’s methodological framework is objectivity concept, systematically of scientific analysis of archival materials. The considerable attention is paid to H. Fritsche’s, Palladius’s, N.M. Przhevalsky’s and other expeditions. The detailed analysis of a new systematic mapping of the northern part of China, made by the Russian scientists is given. The role of the Beijing Magneto-meteorological observatory in Beijing, as the part of the Russian Academy of sciences, is specially noted. The author considers in details the political and socio-economic conditions of expeditions.

scholarly journals From History of Serbian-Russian Historical and Cultural Relations: Dušan I. Semiz (1884–1955) and His Family. Commentaries to Archival Materials from St. Petersburg and Moscow

Slovene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-524
Author(s):  
Milena V. Rozhdestvenskaia
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Labor Camps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Political Pamphlets

The fate of a Serbian political emigrant in Russia, the journalist, politician, and historian Dušan Ivanović Semiz (1884–1955) and his family, is studied for the first time on the basis of archival materials from St. Petersburg: the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushkin House) and the Russian State Historical Archive. Dušan Semiz was a journalist and press correspondent at the frontlines of WWI and the author of historical and political pamphlets and books, and translations of Serbian epics into Russian. He was first arrested in Leningrad in 1929 for being a former active participant in the Serbian nationalist revolutionary organisation Crna ruka (The Black Hand) and sentenced to five years in the GULAG. His first spell in the labor camps was followed by several others. Semiz did hard labor as a lumberjack in the Archangel region and at the construction of the White Sea–Baltic Canal; he was exiled to Kazakhstan in Berlik, where Alexander Solzhenitsyn was also later exiled. Semiz was not released from the GULAG until 1953, not long before his death. Here I present some fragments of the works by Semiz on historical and current relationships between Serbia and Russia, the causes of WWII, and also a short story he wrote in 1933, as well as his letters from the GULAG and exile to his family and letters from his family to him. These documents show hist strong personality, which was maintained even through his period in the GULAG. The archive materials presented in the paper are another historical document of Stalinist terror and are of interest for the study of Serbo-Russian historical and cultural links in the mid 20th century.

scholarly journals Mstislav V. Shakhmatov, Historian of Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Mikhalchenko ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Central State ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Law Faculty ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Law

The article is dedicated to the life and work of Historian of Law Mstislav V. Shakhmatov (1888 to 1943). Shakhmatov was mostly engaged in history of legal and political doctrines of the period before Peter the Great. His concept of the ‘state of truth’ in Ancient Rus is especially famous. However, his biography remains absolutely unknown. The article restores previously unknown peculiarities of the Shakhmatov’s studies at the Saint Petersburg University and his further work in state authorities during the prerevolutionary period, his life in exile in Czechoslovakia: teaching at the Russian Law Faculty in Prague, articles and monograph preparation, thesis defense. The sources of the article are for the most part nonpublished files from the archives of Russia (the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Historical Archive, the Saint Petersburg Central State Historical Archive), Germany, Slovenia, Czechia.

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