scholarly journals Internal and inter-rater reliability of the ASQ-3 in Mexican preschoolers

Salud Mental ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Silvia Ortiz-León ◽  
◽  
Armida Granados-Rojas ◽  
Josefa Cavazos-Olivo ◽  
Leonardo De Benito-Avendaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire

Introduction. Monitoring child development includes the promotion of development in the healthy child and the detection of delays and early indicators of disorders that begin in the first five years of life through easy-to-use, easy to mark, and low-cost screening tests. Objective. To evaluate the internal reliability and inter-rater reliability of the ASQ-3 in Mexican preschool children. Method. The ASQ-3 was applied to parents and/or teachers of 33 - 60 month old children who attended the Centros de Desarrollo Infantil (Child Development Centers-CENDIS) in the public and private sectors of Mexico City. Results. A total of n = 1052 questionnaires were obtained, grouped into six age groups (33, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 months of age) according to the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3). The levels of reliability of the ASQ-3 for each of the age groups were acceptable, with a range of α = .77 to α = .88. Regarding inter-rater reliability (parents vs. teachers), moderate correlation levels were observed. Discussion and conclusion. The results obtained suggest that this is a screening instrument that reliably evaluates the five areas of development that make up the ASQ-3 in pre-school children. This represents an opportunity to continue studying the psychometric characteristics of validity of this instrument in representative samples of Mexican children to optimize the process of early childhood development monitoring.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MULTILINGUALISM ON THE EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Al-Burz ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Shafiq ◽  
Dr. Naima Saeed.
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
National Education

There is certainly found an instrumental role of primary language in early childhood development. The domains of child development and early learning are discussed in different terms and categorized in different ways in the various fields and disciplines that are involved in research, practice, and policy related to children from birth through age. The primary language has significant role for learning process in early childhood development. Keeping its importance, it is included in National Education Policy 2009. This is very general that many children speak a home language that differs from the language of instruction in education programs. Research confirms that children learn best in their mother tongue as a prelude to and complement of bilingual and multilingual education. Whether children successfully retain their mother tongue while acquiring additional languages depends on several interacting factors. This further help the students in early grades that students acquire much knowledge and easily learn in primary language. The most significant part of schooling is the early education or early development of child related to their social and educational problems ,the role of primary language cannot be ignored because such like Quetta city, the majority of the  students learn education in their secondary  language, the medium of instruction in private schools is mostly English and Urdu but in public school the Urdu is used commonly. However the large number of population lives in Quetta they speak their first language as Pashto, Balochi, Brahui, and Hazargi, but less number of students speak Urdu as first or primary language, not only in Quetta but also in all over the province the education system is not good enough to provide quality education to the students, the public and private schools are providing education in province but all of them lack the services

scholarly journals The D-score: a metric for interpreting the early development of infants and toddlers across global settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e001724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M Weber ◽  
Marta Rubio-Codina ◽  
Susan P Walker ◽  
Stef van Buuren ◽  
Iris Eekhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Scale Properties ◽  
Existing Data

IntroductionEarly childhood development can be described by an underlying latent construct. Global comparisons of children’s development are hindered by the lack of a validated metric that is comparable across cultures and contexts, especially for children under age 3 years. We constructed and validated a new metric, the Developmental Score (D-score), using existing data from 16 longitudinal studies.MethodsStudies had item-level developmental assessment data for children 0–48 months and longitudinal outcomes at ages >4–18 years, including measures of IQ and receptive vocabulary. Existing data from 11 low-income, middle-income and high-income countries were merged for >36 000 children. Item mapping produced 95 ‘equate groups’ of same-skill items across 12 different assessment instruments. A statistical model was built using the Rasch model with item difficulties constrained to be equal in a subset of equate groups, linking instruments to a common scale, the D-score, a continuous metric with interval-scale properties. D-score-for-age z-scores (DAZ) were evaluated for discriminant, concurrent and predictive validity to outcomes in middle childhood to adolescence.ResultsConcurrent validity of DAZ with original instruments was strong (average r=0.71), with few exceptions. In approximately 70% of data rounds collected across studies, DAZ discriminated between children above/below cut-points for low birth weight (<2500 g) and stunting (−2 SD below median height-for-age). DAZ increased significantly with maternal education in 55% of data rounds. Predictive correlations of DAZ with outcomes obtained 2–16 years later were generally between 0.20 and 0.40. Correlations equalled or exceeded those obtained with original instruments despite using an average of 55% fewer items to estimate the D-score.ConclusionThe D-score metric enables quantitative comparisons of early childhood development across ages and sets the stage for creating simple, low-cost, global-use instruments to facilitate valid cross-national comparisons of early childhood development.

Raising strong, solid Koolunga: values and beliefs about early child development among Perth’s Aboriginal community

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Clair Scrine ◽  
Brad Farrant ◽  
Carol Michie ◽  
Carrington Shepherd ◽  
Michael Wright
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Early Child Development ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Child And Family Services ◽  
Early Child

AbstractThere is a paucity of published information about conceptions of Aboriginal child rearing and development among urban dwelling Nyoongar/Aboriginal people in Australia. We detail the unique findings from an Aboriginal early child development research project with a specific focus on the Nyoongar/Aboriginal community of Perth, Western Australia. This research significantly expands the understanding of a shared system of beliefs and values among Nyoongar people that differ in important ways from those of the broader Australian (Western) society. Consistent with the findings of research with other Aboriginal groups in Australia, and internationally, our work challenges assumptions underpinning a range of early childhood development policies and highlights the implications of cultural biases and misunderstandings among non-Aboriginal professionals in child and family services, education and other settings.

The Economics of Early Interventions Aimed at Child Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Berlinski ◽  
Marcos Vera-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Parenting Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

A set of policies is at the center of the agenda on early childhood development: parenting programs, childcare regulation and subsidies, cash and in-kind transfers, and parental leave policies. Incentives are embedded in these policies, and households react to them differently. They also have varying effects on child development, both in developed and developing countries. We have learned much about the impact of these policies in the past 20 years. We know that parenting programs can enhance child development, that centre based care might increase female labor force participation and child development, that parental leave policies beyond three months don’t cause improvement in children outcomes, and that the effects of transfers depend much on their design. In this review, we focus on the incentives embedded in these policies, and how they interact with the context and decision makers to understand the heterogeneity of effects and the mechanisms through which these policies work. We conclude by identifying areas of future research.

scholarly journals Pathways to a more peaceful and sustainable world: The transformative power of children in families

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pia R. Britto ◽  
Suna Hanöz-Penney ◽  
Liliana Angelica Ponguta ◽  
Diane Sunar ◽  
Ghassan Issa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Transformative Power

Abstract This article provides an overview of selected ongoing international efforts that have been inspired by Edward Zigler's vision to improve programs and policies for young children and families in the United States. The efforts presented are in close alignment with three strategies articulated by Edward Zigler: (a) conduct research that will inform policy advocacy; (b) design, implement, and revise quality early childhood development (ECD) programs; and (c) invest in building the next generation of scholars and advocates in child development. The intergenerational legacy left by Edward Zigler has had an impact on young children not only in the United States, but also across the globe. More needs to be done. We need to work together with a full commitment to ensure the optimal development of each child.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the risk of malignancy index in preoperative diagnosis of ovarian masses

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4202
Author(s):  
Royyuru Suchitra ◽  
Kaustubh Burde ◽  
Nilima G. ◽  
P. L. S. Sahithi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy Index ◽  
Grass Root Level

Background: Ovarian cancer possesses a challenge to screening tests due to its anatomical location, poor natural history, lack of specific lesion, symptoms and signs and low prevalence. Authors shall be considering RMI 2 and RMI 4 (forms of RMI) and comparing them with histopathology report to derive the sensitivity, specificity and other parameters of these tests.Methods: A prospective   study was conducted from September 2016- September 2017 at Mazumdar Shaw Hospital, Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore.73 patients met the inclusion criteria. RMI 2   and RMI4 were calculated for all the patients and these scores were compared to the final histopathology reports.Results: In present study of 73 patients RMI2 showed a sensitivity of 86.6%, specificity of 86.5 %, Positive predictive value of 81.25% and negative predictive value of 90.24 %. Whereas RMI4 showed a sensitivity of 86.6%, specificity of 86.5 %, Positive predictive value of 83.87 and negative predictive value of 90.48 %. These results are comparable to other studies conducted.  The risk of malignancy index 2 and 4 are also almost comparable with each other and so either can be used for determining the risk of malignancy in patients with adnexal masses. These results were derived in an Indian population across all age groups showing that authors can apply this low-cost method even in resource limited settings.Conclusions: Authors found that Risk of malignancy index is a simple and affordable method to determine the likelihood of a patient having adnexal mass to be malignant. This can thus help save the resources and make the services available at grass root level.

Early Childhood Development Complexes — Where to from here?

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Yoland Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Development ◽  
School Child ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Research Officer

On March 20th of this year, it will be exactly five years since the Victorian Minister for Health released the Report of the Consultative Council on Pre-School Child Development, a document which was then adopted “in principle” as government policy for the State.This report yielded, amongst many detailed recommendations, the concept of an Early Childhood Development Complex (ECDC) which has since been implemented in practice in a number of different places throughout Victoria.As the research officer to the Consultative Council, I attended, from my appointment, all its deliberations and discussions, meetings, weekend workshops (some residential) and had the unique opportunity of witnessing the meshing of these experienced minds.

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