scholarly journals Performance by early bilinguals of the combined test with the tasks of stroop, poffenberger, sperry in the foreign and native languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
T. Kutsenko ◽  
D. Nasiedkin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Combined Test ◽  
The Right ◽  
Transfer Of Information

The disclosure of neurophysiological foundations of both native and foreign languages is an actual problem of modern science, since their understanding can have not only theoretical but also practical, including social significance. The Stroop effect, which allows to estimate the level of voluntary attention, is also widely used in the study of language functions. By the task of Poffenberger, it is possible to evaluate the interhemispheric transfer of information. The study used a combined test with the tasks of the Stroop, Poffenberger, Sperry with native (Russian or Ukrainian) and foreign (English) languages. Students studying English were the subjects surveyed, but the vast majority of them never lived in the English-speaking environment. Stimuli (the word "Green" or "Red" written in relevant or irrelevant color) were exposed on the right or left from the center of the screen. In the case of congruence the word and its semantic meaning should press one button by the ipsilateral hand ("yes"), while in the case of mismatch – the other button by the contralateral one ("no"). In previous studies, we found that the answer "yes" is faster than answers "no" for both right and left hands. Comparison of latent period of reactions of similar responses of both hands showed that answer "yes" is faster for the right hand and answer "no" – for the left one, so that the difference in latent period between "yes" and "no" for the left hand is shorter than for the right one. This points out to easily transfer of information from the left hemisphere to the right one than in the opposite direction. Current study found out that in case of performing the test in the native language, in comparison with the foreign one, latent periods of reactions were in the average 60-70 ms longer with the same number of errors, which can be hypothetically explained by fewer associations of words of the foreign language and simpler neural networks for their processing. When performing the test in native language, the number of errors for both hands is the same, whereas when performing the test in English the left hand carries fewer errors than the right one. Probably this indicates that the center of error control in the case of passing a test in a foreign language is situated in the right hemisphere.

scholarly journals Het gebruik van vaste verbindingen tijdens examens „tolken”

FILOGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Zelenka
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Oral Exam ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Right

Collocations, interpreting, native-like, foreign language acquisition Third year BA students of Dutch at Károli University followed a one semester long interpreting course. During their oral exam they had an interpreting task from Hungarian to Dutch. In my research I wanted to answer two questions: firstly, to what extent do students use collocations while performing an interpreting task; secondly to what extent is their use of collocations native-like? Based on the recorded data we can see that students often realize that they should use a collocation but cannot always retrieve the right one. Grammatical constructions in the students’ native language, in our case Hungarian, play also a role in the choice of collocations.

scholarly journals “Twice Crowned” (Leonid Yuzefovich – Laureate of the Big Book)

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Maya Babicheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The article discusses the two-aspect nature of the contribution of L.A. Yuzefovich into Russian culture, as a reflection of the specifics of his gift. The criterion for the writer’s achievements was chosen to be a double leader in the national literary prize «Big Book» (a unique case in its history). The purpose of the article is to show the genre specificity of the individual style of Yuzefovich, which doubled the significance of his works for Russian literature and culture in general. The well-known Bulgakovʼs metaphor is applicable to the work of this writer completely. In this case, the right and left hand of the pianist can be considered fiction and documentary proze. A writer’s achievements in each of these areas greatly contribute to his success in the other. The leading place in the work of Yuzefovich the fiction writer is occupied by a large epic form. His novels with criminal plot, as a rule, have a pronounced detective line. The action takes place in different eras in different locations. These are Moscow and Western Europe of the 17th century, imperial Petersburg of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, Perm in the 1920s., etc. Specific historical details are reproduced in detail, the atmosphere of the era is recreated. Critics have repeatedly noted the writer’s ability to convey the spirit of the times in artistic form. The documentary prose of this author is a continuation of his scientific career (he is PhD in historical sciences). The beginning of this direction in his work was laid by the artistically revised dissertation research of the scientist. Subsequently, the main interest of Yuzefovich as the author of documentary proze focused on the events of the Civil War in Siberia and the Far East. The writer’s historical books have a fascinating plot and are written in good literary language. The best (to date) works of Yuzefovich of each of the named directions were awarded the Big Book Prize (the 1st place), awarded for a significant contribution to Russian culture and increasing the social significance of Russian literature. These are the novel «Cranes and the Dwarfs» (prize 2009) and the documentary novel «Winter Road» (prize 2015). Both works reveal important stages in Russian history and, at the same time, deserve high praise for their artistic form.

scholarly journals The Effect of Foreign Language Education on Preschoolers’ Native Language Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Banu Uslu ◽  
Ceyhun Ersan
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Foreign Language Education ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Public Preschool ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
The Right

The present study is conducted to examine how foreign language education may affect preschool children's native language development. The study was carried out with 70 children who were 48-60 months-old and attending a public preschool in Alanya, a district of Antalya, in Turkey. The Solomon Four-Group Design was used. Children’s native language skills were assessed via the Turkish Early Language Development Test (Tedil-3) and the experimental process took 8 weeks. Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests were used in the analysis of the data as the data did not show normal distribution. After determining the effect of the experimental procedure, the children included in the control groups were subjected to the same experimental procedure for 8 weeks under the “right to benefit from the experiment process” which has never been applied before in any studies in Turkey. The findings were discussed within the framework of the literature and various suggestions were presented.

scholarly journals The Effect of Foreign Language Education on Preschoolers’ Native Language Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Banu Uslu ◽  
Ceyhun Ersan
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Foreign Language Education ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Public Preschool ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
The Right

The present study is conducted to examine how foreign language education may affect preschool children's native language development. The study was carried out with 70 children who were 48-60 months-old and attending a public preschool in Alanya, a district of Antalya, in Turkey. The Solomon Four-Group Design was used. Children’s native language skills were assessed via the Turkish Early Language Development Test (Tedil-3) and the experimental process took 8 weeks. Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests were used in the analysis of the data as the data did not show normal distribution. After determining the effect of the experimental procedure, the children included in the control groups were subjected to the same experimental procedure for 8 weeks under the “right to benefit from the experiment process” which has never been applied before in any studies in Turkey. The findings were discussed within the framework of the literature and various suggestions were presented.

scholarly journals Identification of Thai students’ level of phonetic sensitivity in the imitation of Russian syllables

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Mekratankulpat Natcheewan ◽  
Nina Fedotova ◽  
Tatiana Lypkan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Phonological Sensitivity ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Thai Students ◽  
The Right ◽  
Similarity And Difference

The article deals with the role of phonological sensitivity in the development of skills in a foreign language. In psycholinguistic terms, verbal communication in non-native language is a language contact. It is important that, in learning environments, the interaction of contacting languages should not be spontaneous, it should be taken into account in the modeling of verbal communication. Since the formation of mechanisms that ensure the speech activity of an individual in the language under study occurs under the influence of interference, it is necessary to study the manifestation of the specifics contacting linguistic systems in the perception of speech in a non-native language. To make the right decision – whether or not an incorrect perception of the phonemic composition of words occurs in the natural conditions of communication in a foreign language – is not possible. This requires a special phonetic experiment. The authors describe the results of an experiment aimed at revealing the phonetic sensitivity of native speakers of Thai. The material of the experiment was 260 syllables having the structure CV (consonant + vowel). Subjects who had not previously studied the Russian language had to listen to audio recordings of syllables pronunciation and reproduce them. Thus, the implementation of Russian vowels and consonants in the composition of syllables was analyzed. The authors succeeded in revealing the similarity and difference in the articulatory characteristics of the interacting languages’ sounds. It was found that when imitating Russian syllables the Thais are not aware of the opposition of consonants on the grounds of “hardness-softness” and “voiceless-voiced”. In this connection special work is required to produce soft sounds and to develop skills for distinguishing sounds from voiceless-voiced. During the study, it was confirmed that the influence of the native language is clearly manifested if it is functionally prevalent.

scholarly journals Relation of success in study of foreign language with speed of interhemispheric transfer of information

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
T. Kutsenko ◽  
D. Nasiedkin ◽  
L. Latyshenko ◽  
M. Gavrylenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
Interhemispheric Interaction ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Irrelevant Color ◽  
The Right ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Bilingual speakers seem to outreach monolingual speakers in performing non-verbal tasks for testing executive functions, such as Simon, Flanker and Stroop tasks, as well as in capacity of working memory. Other researchers have doubts about these cognitive benefits of bilinguals and multilinguals. The study used a combined test with the tasks of the Stroop, Poffenberger, Sperry in native (Ukrainian) and foreign (English) languages. Schoolboys of lyceum were the subjects surveyed (14-15 years old). Stimuli (the word "Green" or "Red", "Blue" or "Yellow" written in relevant or irrelevant color) were exposed on the right or left from the center of the screen. In the case of congruence the word and its semantic meaning should press one button by the ipsilateral hand ("yes"), while in the case of mismatch – the other button by the contralateral one ("no"). Latent periods of response to stimuli, which reflect the speed of the interhemispheric transfer of information, were taken into account. Correlation analysis of the success in study in the nine subjects of the three blocks (humanities, natural and formal disciplines) reveal a direct correlation of speed of reaction when performing the complex Stroop test in both the native and English languages with the success in the learning English language, what may indicate on special dependence of the success from interhemispheric interaction. In order for the foreign language to be automated and become "all the more native", it is need the fast access of the executive structures of the brain, such as the front-parietal neural network, to the linguistic neural networks, presented in both hemispheres. According to literature, the inhibitory control mechanism from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as the key structure of the front-parietal brain system may be one of several mechanisms underlying bilingual superiority. The results obtained by us complement this conception, indicating the importance of the speed of interhemispheric interaction.

Variability of textbooks for studying the Ukrainian language in the diaspora

2018 ◽  
Vol XIV ◽  
pp. 279-291
Author(s):  
Svitlana Zakharivna Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Content Diversity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Creative Abilities ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the actual problem of preserving the native language under the conditions of foreign language environment. It is substantiated that the qualitatively written teaching books play an important role in this process. Among the range of various textbooks for Ukrainian schoolchildren in the diaspora, the methodical apparatus of the textbooks of Yar Slavutych, Sofia Vasilišin, Genrika Mìz', which receive positive reviews in the USA and Canada and are actively used in the teaching of the native language of foreign Ukrainians, has been analysed. They contain interesting Ukrainian studies materials, exercises for listening, tasks, games, as well as texts of songs with notes and rhythmic exercises for them, which promote not only the learning of the language, but also the development of creative abilities of schoolchildren, their agility and savvy. It has been established that the textbooks with a clear visual methods, adherence to the principles of the individual approach, connection with life, originality in content diversity provide motivation of children to learn the language, develop their communicative competences.

Editorial Note

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Keyword(s):  
Editorial Note ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hand Column ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Infant Speech ◽  
The Right

In the article “Infant Speech Sounds and Intelligence” by Orvis C. Irwin and Han Piao Chen, in the December 1945 issue of the Journal, the paragraph which begins at the bottom of the left hand column on page 295 should have been placed immediately below the first paragraph at the top of the right hand column on page 296. To the authors we express our sincere apologies.

Eye Movements of Children and Adults While Reading Television Subtitles

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géry d'Ydewalle ◽  
Wim De Bruycker
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Attentional System

Abstract. Eye movements of children (Grade 5-6) and adults were monitored while they were watching a foreign language movie with either standard (foreign language soundtrack and native language subtitling) or reversed (foreign language subtitles and native language soundtrack) subtitling. With standard subtitling, reading behavior in the subtitle was observed, but there was a difference between one- and two-line subtitles. As two lines of text contain verbal information that cannot easily be inferred from the pictures on the screen, more regular reading occurred; a single text line is often redundant to the information in the picture, and accordingly less reading of one-line text was apparent. Reversed subtitling showed even more irregular reading patterns (e.g., more subtitles skipped, fewer fixations, longer latencies). No substantial age differences emerged, except that children took longer to shift attention to the subtitle at its onset, and showed longer fixations and shorter saccades in the text. On the whole, the results demonstrated the flexibility of the attentional system and its tuning to the several information sources available (image, soundtrack, and subtitles).

Is the Future the Right Time?

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ouellet ◽  
Julio Santiago ◽  
Ziv Israeli ◽  
Shai Gabay
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Task ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Temporal Reference ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Reading Direction ◽  
Mental Time Line ◽  
The Right

Spanish and English speakers tend to conceptualize time as running from left to right along a mental line. Previous research suggests that this representational strategy arises from the participants’ exposure to a left-to-right writing system. However, direct evidence supporting this assertion suffers from several limitations and relies only on the visual modality. This study subjected to a direct test the reading hypothesis using an auditory task. Participants from two groups (Spanish and Hebrew) differing in the directionality of their orthographic system had to discriminate temporal reference (past or future) of verbs and adverbs (referring to either past or future) auditorily presented to either the left or right ear by pressing a left or a right key. Spanish participants were faster responding to past words with the left hand and to future words with the right hand, whereas Hebrew participants showed the opposite pattern. Our results demonstrate that the left-right mapping of time is not restricted to the visual modality and that the direction of reading accounts for the preferred directionality of the mental time line. These results are discussed in the context of a possible mechanism underlying the effects of reading direction on highly abstract conceptual representations.

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