scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ZONING OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS FOR AIMS OF COGNITIVE TOURISM

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Joseph Нiletskyy ◽  
Nadiya Timofijchuk
Keyword(s):  
Google Earth ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Outer Carpathians ◽  
Mountainous Landscapes ◽  
Geographical Regionalization ◽  
Landscape Map ◽  
East Carpathians

The purpose of the article is to approve the established scheme of macro-district subdivision of the Carpathian Mountain Country and the worked out approaches of the Ukrainian geographers to more detailed physical and geographical regionalization of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The study is based on the results of a comparative analysis of the existing different schemes of complex and different directions of sectoral zoning, individual natural components, own observations during numerous expeditions and data of the latest scientific publications on the geology and geomorphology of the Carpathians. By imposing a boundary between the Inner and Outer Carpathians, which is clearly displayed on the state geological maps of the scale 1: 200 000, on the gypsum base of topographic maps, which were analyzed in 3D format of the program Google Earth, the boundary between the provinces of the Eastern Carpathians was agreed and described. At the same time, the orographic lines and the character of the modern relief of the mountain territories were taken into account as much as possible. The fact that the described and displayed boundary of the sub-provinces is quite consistent with the boundary between the low-mountainous and mid-mountainous landscapes, which in its time was reflected on H.P. Milller. and O.M. Fedirk’s landscape map, confirms that other components of nature (soils, vegetation) along the line are changing some of their specific features. The scientific novelty of the article is that, as a result of the zoning, the border between the sub-provinces of the Outer East Carpathians and the Inner East Carpathians is specified in Ukraine, four natural areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians are assigned to the Exterior (Flysch) Carpathians and three to the Inner Carpathians. The proposed zoning approach has led to some redistribution of territories between the natural areas of the Transcarpathian Lowlands and the Polonina-Montenegro Carpathians, as well as between the natural-geographical areas and sub-regions of the Inner Carpathians. Transformations have undergone some names of taxonomic units of physical and geographical zoning, which in the new version more accurately reflect their location and specific features of natural conditions. Practical significance of the obtained results is that since being duly substantiated the proposed zoning of the Ukrainian Carpathians will be useful for both professionals and travel enthusiasts. Taking into account the specific nature of the sub-provinces, it can also serve as a substantial basis for the development of projects to optimize the environmental management in the region.

scholarly journals Accurate extraction of surface water in complex environment based on Google Earth Engine and Sentinel-2

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253209
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Li ◽  
Biao Peng ◽  
Yulu Wei ◽  
Huping Ye
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Google Earth Engine ◽  
Sentinel 2

To realize the accurate extraction of surface water in complex environment, this study takes Sri Lanka as the study area owing to the complex geography and various types of water bodies. Based on Google Earth engine and Sentinel-2 images, an automatic water extraction model in complex environment(AWECE) was developed. The accuracy of water extraction by AWECE, NDWI, MNDWI and the revised version of multi-spectral water index (MuWI-R) models was evaluated from visual interpretation and quantitative analysis. The results show that the AWECE model could significantly improve the accuracy of water extraction in complex environment, with an overall accuracy of 97.16%, and an extremely low omission error (0.74%) and commission error (2.35%). The AEWCE model could effectively avoid the influence of cloud shadow, mountain shadow and paddy soil on water extraction accuracy. The model can be widely applied in cloudy, mountainous and other areas with complex environments, which has important practical significance for water resources investigation, monitoring and protection.

scholarly journals Trends and Prospects in Educational Modernisation: A Hermeneutic Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Zakirova ◽  
Ye. N. Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Russian Education

Introduction. For over two decades, Russian education has been in a state of permanent reform. Due to the long and unproductive nature of the modernisation process, researchers are paying special attention to systemic factors, noting that system optimisation processes are structured primarily around organisational and technological models derived from industry. The prevalence of the technological component over the axiological results in the consolidation of a pragmatic, narrowly functional, technocratic vector of education development. To overcome this situation and to break this deadlock, a profound reconsideration of the values underlying mechanisms of reform is required, taking into account multifaceted personal, social, national and universal relations, as well as unity of content, forms and means of education.The aims of the research were identified as follows: to analyse the current trends of modernisation in comprehensive schools and higher educational establishments; to justify humanistic mechanisms for improving the modernisation in the context of language education, which performs personally developing and socialising functions under ideological pluralism and opposition of value systems.Methodology and research methods. The research was conducted taking a person-activity-based approach, referring to cultural-historical concepts, ideas of philosophical hermeneutics and traditional principles of pedagogical methodology. The theoretical framework was based on the publications and philosophical foundations of Russian and foreign scholars, who define the key role of humanistic principles and value orientations in education. The following standard research methods were used: comparison, induction, deduction, abstraction, synthesis, specification, structural and logical modelling, content analysis of documents and scientific publications on the stated problem, observation, questioning, peer review and experiment. In addition, non-standard methods and research techniques such as metaphorical modelling, biographical method and interpretational techniques were used.Results and scientific novelty. Modernisation processes in Russian education were considered: regulatory base, purposes, priorities, problems and prospects. The following thesis was proposed: at the new stage of socio-historical transformation, it is necessary to overcome the negative effects of long-term practice in the reform of the national educational system through developing established traditions as well as updating the humanistic potential of education and ensuring its axiological enrichment. The authors consider pedagogical hermeneutics as a potentially productive means and methodological tool. Pedagogical hermeneutics implies a heuristic and poly-variable apperception of reality through education in order to understand and interpret different genres of cultural texts, providing simultaneous support both to the general public and to the individual, on the basis of rational and emotionally intelligent experience accumulated in science, religion, art, language and national traditions – i.e. culture as a whole. It was shown that language education based on principles of pedagogical hermeneutics is capable of establishing humanistic mechanisms of personactivity-based social norms and cultural models. The authors presented a number of modelling options for the realisation of the proposed hermeneutical approach: various experimentally-validated techniques, educational approaches and procedures designed by teacher-researchers were briefly described, focusing on the achievement of qualitative conformance of educational results to the humanistic appeals and urgent needs of society.Practical significance. The use of hermeneutical techniques as educational tools and procedures allows us to decode semiotic information of curricula subjects; in addition, when using meta-language, it is possible to expand the content by adding personal value-sense and dialogical subjectivity, as well as to transform it into a personal sign-symbol or behavioural template. The acquisition of language experience in the process of humanistic-centred education increases the immunity of a student to various manifestations of character defectivity, strengthening identity and resistance to manipulation of consciousness in political and ideological processes and mass media. Moreover, language experience resists the deformation of the communicative sphere and verbal-cognitive processes, encouraging personal self-realisation.

The Subject of a Crime Under Part 1 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
E. G. Bykova ◽  
◽  
A. A. Kazakov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Code

The change in the disposition of Part 1 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation led to questions from law enforcement officers about from what moment a person is considered to be held administratively liable and what to mean by the commission of a similar act. The article carries out a systematic legal analysis of the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in order to formulate proposals for solving the indicated problems. The fundamental method was dialectical. The formal legal method was used in the study of regulations governing certain aspects of the legal assessment of unlawful acts that take into account administrative precedence. Using a comparative legal method, a distinction was made between situations where a person was ordered to be held administratively liable and an administrative penalty was imposed. Scientific publications on the subject were analyzed. It was concluded that the current version of Part 1 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, containing a formally indefinite legal category, raises the problem of calculating the one-year period during which a person can be prosecuted under this norm if there is an administrative precedence. In addition, it is justified that a «similar act» should be understood only as an administrative offense, responsibility for which is provided for in Art. 20.3.1 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. The use of criminal law by analogy is unacceptable, therefore, it is proposed to amend the disposition of Part 1 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code to eliminate the identified gap. The problem identified could be the basis for further scientific research. The practical significance is due to the fact that the positions formulated by the authors can be taken into account in the process of improving criminal law, when amending the relevant explanations of the highest court in this category of cases in order to form a unified practice of applying criminal law.

scholarly journals 3D Virtual Itinerary for Education Using Google Earth as a Tool for the Recovery of the Geological Heritage of Natural Areas: Application in the “Las Batuecas Valley” Nature Park (Salamanca, Spain)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 8567-8591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Martínez-Graña ◽  
José González-Delgado ◽  
Silvia Pallarés ◽  
José Goy ◽  
Jorge Llovera
Keyword(s):  
Google Earth ◽  
Geological Heritage ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Nature Park

Comprehensive Assessment of the Geoecological Situation of Mining Areas (on the Example of Solikam Urban District)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
E.A. Karfidova ◽  
V.M. Makeev ◽  
A.P. Sizov ◽  
I.M. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
State Register ◽  
State Registration ◽  
Information Basis ◽  
Mining Regions

The methods for the complex assessment of the geoenviromental situation in a mining region based on the integration of open data from the ROSREESTR (The Federal Service For State Registration, Cadastre And Cartography), the ROSPRIRODNADZOR (Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources), Google Earth, scientific publications and other sources, in particular, related to the analysis of neotectonic and geodynamic problems in the region are considered. The conclusions are made as a result of the analysis of the geoenviromental situation on the example of the Solikamsk urban district and the recommendations are proposed: a land management program and the formation of geoecological data in the Unified State Register of Real Estate quarters (polluted, degraded and disturbed lands) - as an information basis for the regional model of spatial planning of mining regions.

scholarly journals SPECIFICS OF GASTRONOMIC BRANDING OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Yuliya Olishevska
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Culture Of Consumption ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Stable Representation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
National Cuisine ◽  
Main Components

Goal. The main purpose of this article is to determine the directions of formation of the gastronomic brand of individual regions of Ukraine and the country as a whole is the main purpose of this article. The object of the study is gastronomic branding of the territory of Ukraine, and the subject is methodological approaches to determining the gastronomic brand of the territory and the analysis of factors of its formation. Methodology. Works on a regional marketing, tourism management, as well as scientific publications on gastronomic tourism and tourist branding of the territory is methodological basis of the research. A systematic approach is used, which is the basis of geographical and tourism scientific studies, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, descriptive and comparative geographical. Results. Determining the features of gastronomic tourism and the main factors that influence the formation of the gastronomic brand and the image of the territory are the results of the study presented in this publication. It is found that the most commonly used is the term "gastronomic tourism", proposed by the World Association of Gastronomic Tourism in 2012, which is considered to be a type of travel in order to get an authentic experience based on the culture of consumption of food or drinks, acquaintance with their unique places and culture through national cuisine. The gastronomic brand is to promote the territory as a manufacturer or exporter of unique high quality food products. Branding is an important element in the development of a country. Brand is defined as the competitive identity of a particular locality (place or region or country as a whole). The main components of the gastronomic brand: well-developed gastronomy and availability of specialists in the field of organizing food establishments using traditional products and availability of authentic food (authentic products) and gastronomic events as well as festivals, competitions. Gastronomic image is a stable representation of the population of the country and partners about the prestige, the quality of services in the sphere of services and food, the quality of life of the population and the culture of consumption of products. The factors of formation of the general image of the country and the image of individual regions are different. The image of the region is a more dynamic characteristic of the activity a local territory. It form in society over a long time and based on personal beliefs of the people. It is a result of prevalence of diverse information about the region, living conditions, work and recreation. Forming a positive image of Ukraine by promoting gastronomic tourism will increase the country's competitive advantages in the tourism industry at the global level. Scientific novelty of the research is the definition of the gastronomic brand of the territory, its main components and the discovery of methodological approaches to geobranding of the territories. Practical significance. Pleasure the tourist needs by diversifying the tourist offer and creating new tourism products, including gastronomic brands and tours, determines the applied value of the study. Expanding the range of tourist offers at the expense of gastronomic attractions will provide a strong development of both individual regions and the country as a whole.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC METHOD OF MILKING SYSTEMS USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
V.F. Vtoryi ◽  
◽  
S.V. Vtoryi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Vacuum Stability ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Technical Status

Milking is one of the essential technological processes when the direct contact of the cow living organism with the machine takes place. Failure to comply with the requirements of favourable interaction between these two different systems leads to cow diseases, lower productivity and milk quality, and, consequently, poorer production efficiency. The purpose of the study was to develop a method for the diagnostics of milking systems using digital technologies, which would allow the real-time detecting of operational disturbances of milking machines, their units and blocks. The study object was machine milking cows and the effective functioning of equipment. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of systemic and structural analysis. The study methodology included the survey of scientific publications, best practices, promising technologies and equipment based on digital systems for parameter monitoring and milking controlling. A method was developed for monitoring the technical status of the milking process using the vacuum stability coefficient K. Investigations were carried out on an operating dairy farm for 200 cows using a two-channel portable electronic device for recording the milking process parameters. They showed that the vacuum stability coefficients for the milking unit lines were Kl = 0.985–0.989 with an acceptable Kl min = 0.962–0.963. For individual points of the vacuum lines and milk lines of the milking unit, the coefficients were Kt = 0.991–0.961 with Kt min = 0.978–0.977. The results obtained indicated that the vacuum gauge pressure in the vacuum and milk lines was relatively stable within the standard value range. At the same time, there was the instability of vacuum pressure at individual points in the pipelines of the milking unit. Special attention must be paid to these areas during maintenance. Testing of the method proved its practical significance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of new fluorophenyl-containing 1,2,4-triazoles

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
О. А. Бігдан
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Serial Dilutions

The achievements of the world organic chemistry are most clearly represented by scientific publications that prove the promising nature of heterocyclic substances. The possibility of combining various pharmacophore fragments and 1,2,4-triazole in one molecule is quite popular. In 2018, the drug Trifuzol-NEO appeared on the veterinary market of Ukraine, which took its rightful place among synthetic immunomodulators for various groups of unproductive animals. So, further studies of new promising compounds among substituted 1,2,4-triazole, which can be used as objects for the creation of new original domestic antimicrobial and antifungal agents, remains relevant and has theoretical and practical significance. The aim of our work was to investigate the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of a number of new fluorophenyl-containing derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole and, in some cases, to trace the presence of certain patterns between structure and action. The sensitivity of new fluorophenyl-containing derivatives of 1,2.4-triazole was studied by the method of serial dilutions in accordance with the methodological recommendations. From the initial concentration of the new synthesized compounds of 1 mg/ml, a series of two-fold serial dilutions were prepared in Mueller–Hinton broth in a volume of 1 ml. Then, 0.1 ml of microbial curtain (106 m. c./ml) was added to each tube. MIC (MIC) was determined in the absence of visible growth in a test tube with the minimum concentration of the drug, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBcK) – in the absence of growth on agar after inoculation from transparent tubes. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as a solvent for the compounds in the studies. The research was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Analyzing the results of studying the sensitivity of substances to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it should be noted that almost all compounds were active against the bacteria. It should be noted that a number of compounds were found to be the most active against Staphylococcus aureus, and 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols generally exceeded several times the activity indices of the reference drug (MIC 1.95 μg/ml, MBcK 3.9 μg/ml) to Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the compounds were found to be quite active against Candida albicans. Among the corresponding 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-((aryl)ylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols, the highest activity for Candida albicans exhibit 5-(2-fluorophenyl) -4-((4-bromophenyl)ylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-((2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)ylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. It was found that most of the compounds exhibit a moderate antimicrobial and a fairly high antifungal effect. The most sensitive strain was S. aureus in relation to 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(((5-nitrofurans-2-yl)methylene)amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, Candida albicans proved to be very sensitive to 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-((4-bromophenyl)ylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4((2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)ylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol.

scholarly journals EDUCATION FOR PEOPLE OF THE “THIRD AGE” IN RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 156-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Dzhurinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Third Age ◽  
The Third

Introduction. In today’s world, numbers of people of the senior generation are steadily increasing due to longer life expectancy. In this regard, questions of maintaining seniors’ working capacity, physical and psychological wellbeing and support of high vitality are updated. In this particular situation, an institute of formation of the “third age” is in high demand. The institution is considered as an integral part of a general continuous educational process during all life giving an opportunity to elderly citizens to stay actively full members of society.  The aim of the publication was to describe socio-pedagogical research and practical experience in the education of the elderly (the “third age”) in post-Soviet Russia at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries.Methodology and research methods. The research was based on socio-cultural approach to organisation of the education system, philosophical ideas about objective positivism, concept of continuous and non-formal life-long education and theory of comparative pedagogy.Results and scientific novelty. On the basis of scientific publications and documentary sources, many of which have until been out of the research field, the initial stage of genesis of education of the “third age” in Russia was systemically analysed. Its legislative base, tasks, contents of programmes and technology were investigated; the practicability of such education was esteemed. The representatives of the “third age” were characterised as members of education – in terms of their social activity, level of the previous educational preparation, cultural and educational inquiries and differentiation on gender. Desire for world outlook generalisation, mentorship and freedom from marginalization complex after retirement were noted. The practices of the first institutions and projects of education in the “third age” were analysed: retro clubs, open universities. The structure, curriculum and the results of the education of the “third age” were characterised by the example of “third age” universities in Orel, Stavropol and Chelyabinsk. Social, pedagogical, psychological and medical and recreational tasks of such educational organisations were designated; the humanistic principles and practice-focused orientations of their activity were emphasised. In addition, the shortcomings were listed: exaggerated encyclopedism of programmes, domination of verbal material presentation, unsuitable use of forms and methods for “aged” students; lack of the funded legal base of such education, its worthy financing and shortage of special teaching personnel. However, despite shortcomings and gaps, the social advantage of the education focused on satisfaction of essential needs and interests of elderly people is obvious. The results of monitoring outcomes and surveys, in particular, recorded a marked strengthening of physical and psychological health of students, emergence of vital incentives and decrease in intergenerational conflicts in their families. The similarities and distinctions of ideas and processes within the formation and development of the system of education of the “third age” in Russia and abroad were shown. The worldwide tendency of social turn towards the changed needs of elderly people was emphasised.Practical significance. The materials of the present research will make it possible to effectively cope with new challenges and solve current problems of additional education, which is oriented on a specific social stratum – older adults, taking into account their characteristics and expectations.

scholarly journals BUILDING RESEARCH COMPETENCE OF PHD STUDENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF A PHD SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. А. Strokova
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Research Competence ◽  
Research Activities

Introduction.Postgraduate education of the Russian higher school is traditionally considered as a strategic reserve, which provides the continuity of academic and teaching personnel and the efficiency of education of future experts. However, the total number of this key resource of the higher education system, which guarantees its stable functioning and further forward development, has been reduced in recent years. Postgraduate admission has decreased, in particular, pedagogical training programmes. What is most important, the PhD student quality has substantially dropped.Theaimof the present publication was to identify the level of research skills of PhD students of pedagogical specialisation and present the most productive ways for the formation of skills to carry out research activities.Methodology and research methods.The study was based on the ideas of systemic-activity approach, competency-based approach and major provisions of the theory of action. Scientific publications on research projects of PhD students and the concept of “new” post graduate school in the Russian education were analysed. Online survey and questionnaire survey of PhD students, their supervisors and members of dissertation boards were conducted. The assessment of results of research conducted by PhD students, synthesis and description of productive teaching practices and positive pedagogical experience gained at Tyumen State University (TSU) were applied.Results and scientific novelty.Based on the classical interpretation of nature and contents of human activity, a definition of research activity is formulated. It constitutes as the grounds for development of the contents and procedure for the list of research tasks for PhD students to master in order to successfully complete their PhD studies (as yet, the similar register has been compiled and scientifically based only for a bachelor degree). Insufficient competence of many PhD students to organise and conduct an independent scientific and pedagogical search is proved. Unstable components of their research competence are revealed: inability to use the most important elements of the methodology corpus and problems in writing scientific texts. Practically verified methods and means to develop the research competence of PhD students, doctoral candidates, applicants on academic degrees and their research supervisors are described: methodological seminars of the education department, a group analysis of scientific texts for publication, group visits and discussion of open lectures and seminars for teachers of the education department and PhD students, role mini-plays, public preliminary dissertation defense, participation in the events held by the department, etc.Practical significance.Knowledge of the gaps in research competence of PhD students will allow their supervisors to selectively improve the students’ skills, which are necessary for writing and defending the dissertation. Creative application and systematically scientific-pedagogical work will help achieve a significant improvement in building PhD student competence for scientific and teaching activities.

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